初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题02 被动语态密码速通（暑假复习讲义）（原卷版及解析）

/专题02被动语态密码速通（考点全解析）考点序号考点聚焦考点一一般现在时被动语态考点二一般过去时被动语态考点三一般将来时被动语态考点四现在进行时被动语态考点五过去进行时被动语态考点六现在完成时被动语态考点七过去完成时被动语态考点八过去将来时被动语态考点九将来完成时被动语态考点十情态动词被动语态脉脉｜络｜重｜构被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.在make,let,see,hear,notice,watch,feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。例如：WeheardhersinganEnglishsong.（主动）→ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsongbyus.（被动）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。当这些短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.Theplanwillbegivenup.考考｜点｜精｜讲一．语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。典型例句：主动句1.TheslavesbuilttheGreatPyramidslongtimeago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。主语谓语宾语状语典型例句：被动句2.TheGreatPyramidswerebuilt(bytheslaves)longtimeago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。二．主动语态转换为被动语态如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变主动句：ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1879.托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：Thelightbulbwasinvented(byThomasEdison)in1879.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。①原主动句中的宾语thelightbulb变为被动句中的主语。②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为wasinvented。③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者ThomasEdison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。④状语in1879的位置不变。主动句：Mr.Wangdeliveredthisspeech.王先生做了演讲。主语谓语宾语被动句：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbyMr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）主动句：TheancientGreeksheldthefirstOlympicGames2790yearsago.主语谓语宾语状语古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。被动句：ThefirstOlympicGameswereheld(bytheancientGreeks)2790yearsago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。考点一一般现在时的被动语态【知识精讲】一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。主动句：Helentidiesupherroomeveryday.海伦每天整理她的房间。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Helen’sroomistidiedup(byHelen)everyday.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）Helen’sroomisn’ttidiedupeveryday.（疑问句）A:IsHelen’sroomtidiedupeveryday?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Whentheair-conditioner(turn)on,thebacteriawillbeblownintothehomeorofficeandmakepeoplesick.2．Whenthesun’srayshittheearth,alotofheat(reflect)backintospace.3．…itsfuturenowseveraldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsare(expect)totakeplace.4．AccordingtothetraditionalChinesecalendar,theWinterSolsticeoneofthetwenty-foursolarterms.按照中国传统历法，冬至被认为是二十四节气之一。5．Sheis(sing)highpraisesforinthecompanybecausesheisalwayswillingtohelpothers.考点二一般过去时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：TheworkersmadetheprinterIboughtyesterdaylastmonth.主语谓语宾语定语状语我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。被动句：（肯定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasmade(bytheworkers)lastmonth.主语定语谓语by+执行者状语我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。（否定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasn’tmadelastmonth.（疑问句）A:WastheprinterIboughtyesterdaymadelastmonth?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。【巩固提升】1．AsfarasIknow,morethanonestudentaswellasthreeteachers(award)atthemeetingtheotherday.2．Unluckily,he(injure)whenhewascyclingalongthevalley.3．Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncities(be)completelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.4．Thefeelingofsuccesswasnolonger(attach)towhatgradeIreceivedbuttothepurejoyoflearning.5．Tomwas(admit)intoPekingUniversity.考点三一般将来时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：Arepairmanwillrepairhiscartomorrowmorning.主语谓语宾语状语一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。begoingto+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。被动句：（肯定句）Hiscarwillberepaired(byarepairman)tomorrowmorning.主语谓语by+执行者状语他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。（否定句）Hiscarwillnot/won’tberepairedtomorrowmorning.（疑问句）A:Willhiscarberepairedtomorrowmorning?B:Yes,itwill./No,itwon’t.主动句：TheyaregoingtovisittheChinaMillenniumMonument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。主语谓语宾语被动句：（肯定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisgoingtobevisited(bythem).主语谓语中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。（否定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisn’tgoingtobevisited(bythem).（疑问句）A:IstheChinaMillenniumMonumentgoingtobevisited(bythem)?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Itisreportedthattheprojectconductedbyhisresearchteam(complete)nextmonth.2．Moretrees(plant)alongtheriverbanknextspringtopreventsoilerosion.3．Onlyticketholderswillbe(admit)intotheconcerthall.4．Thegoldmedalwill(award)tothepersonwhowinsfirstplaceintherace.5．Theshow“QuanzhouBeyond(非常泉州)”,directedbyZhangYimou,(stage)inQuanzhou’snewculturalcenterthisNationalDayholidayin2026.考点四现在进行时的被动语态【知识精讲】进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。主动句：TheteacheristellingSnowWhitenow.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhiteisbeingtold(bytheteacher)now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）SnowWhiteisn’tbeingtoldnow.（疑问句）A:IsSnowWhitebeingtoldnow?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Manyoldbuildings(repair)nowtoprotectthelocalculture.2．Toenrichpeople’sspirituallifeandpromotekindness,ameaningfulculturalactivity(perform)inthecommunitynow.3．Theoldbuilding(pull)downthesedays.4．Theroom(clean)bymysisteratthemoment.5．thechildren(take)careofbythenurse?考点五过去进行时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：TheteacherwastellingSnowWhitewhenIgotthere.主语谓语宾语状语当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhitewasbeingtold(bytheteacher)whenIgotthere.主语谓语by+执行者状语当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。（否定句）SnowWhitewasn’tbeingtoldwhenIgotthere.（疑问句）A:WasSnowWhitebeingtoldwhenIgotthere?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.【巩固提升】1．Hehurriedhomelateatnight,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).2．Thefamousmusician,togetherwithhisbandmembers,(interview)bythereporterwhenthepowerwentout.3．Asurveyaboutstudents’after-schoolactivities(conduct)bytheresearchteamwhenIvisitedtheeducationcenter.4．Theguardswereoriginallyhiredtowatchoverthehousesasthey(reconstruct).5．Whenwearrivedatthegarage,ourcar(repair),sowehadtowaitanothertwentyminutes.考点六现在完成时的被动语态【知识精讲】完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。主动句：Anunknownvirushasjustattackedmycomputer.主语谓语状语宾语一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。被动句：（肯定句）Mycomputerhasjustbeenattacked(byanunknownvirus).主语谓语状语by+执行者我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。（否定句）Mycomputerhasn’tjustbeenattacked.（疑问句）A:Hasyourcomputerjustbeenattacked?B:Yes,ithas./No,ithasn’t.【巩固提升】1．It(confirm)sofarthattheeventwilltakeplacenextFriday.2．Thisproblem(solve)already,sowedon’tneedtodiscussitagain.3．Uptonow,foodandwater(deliver)tothedisaster-strickenarea,wheremanypeoplesurvivingthedisasterareinurgentneedofhelp.4．Thelistofstudentswhohavewonawardsinthecompetition(announce)ontheschoolwebsitesofar.5．Theclassroom(clean)up,soitlooksverytidynow.考点七过去完成时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：Theyhadbuiltfifteenbridgesby2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Fifteenbridgeshadbeenbuilt(bythem)by2007.主语谓语by+执行者状语说明：bythem和by2007意思不同，by2007是时间状语，不可以省略。截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。（否定句）Fifteenbridgeshadn’tbeenbuiltby2007.（疑问句）A:Hadfifteenbridgesbeenbuiltby2007?B:Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.【巩固提升】1．Allthedelicateartifacts(damage)severelybythecollapseoftheancienttombduringtheexcavationprocess,andthearchaeologicalteamhadnochoicebuttosuspendtheirworktemporarily.2．AhugeChristmastree(decorate)withminicarsbeforewegottothehall.3．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

4．Bylastweekend,allthedamagedroadsinthemountainarea

(repair)bythelocalgovernment.5．Whenthefiremenarrived,thebigfire(putout)bythelocalpeople.考点八过去将来时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：Mothersaidshewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening.主语谓语宾语状语母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。说明：本句是将宾语从句shewouldpunishthenaughtyboythisevening变为被动语态。被动句：（肯定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedthisevening(byher).主语谓语宾语by+执行者母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。（否定句）Mothersaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedthisevening.【巩固提升】1．Wediscussedwhenthegeneralmeetingofthewholestaffwas(hold).2．Itwasreportedthatanotherbridgewas(build)acrosstheriverthenextyear.3．Allthemoneywegotfromthisactivitywouldbe(donate)tocharity.4．Hesaidtheluckywoman(announce)onthewebsiteandthetripwouldbesharedonline.5．Itwaspredictedthatpetrol(replace)bygreenenergycompletelyinthenearfuture.考点九将来完成时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：Weshall/willhavemadetenthousandDVDsbytheendofthismonth.主语谓语宾语状语截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。被动句：（肯定句）TenthousandDVDswillhavebeenmade(byus)bytheendofthismonth.主语谓语by+执行者状语截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。（否定句）TenthousandDVDswon’thavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth.（疑问句）A:WilltenthousandDVDshavebeenmadebytheendofthismonth?B:Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.10.过去将来完成时的被动语态主动句：Hesaidhewouldhavelearnedmanywordsby2012.主语谓语宾语状语他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。被动句：Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearned(byhim)by2012.主语谓语状语他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。【巩固提升】1．Bytheendofthismonth,thenewlibrary(build)anditwillbeopentothepublicsoon.2．It’sreportedthatbytheendofthisyear,hugeamountsofgoodearth(wash)awayduetocuttingdowntoomanytrees.3．—Areyougoingtothemoviestonight?—Yes,bythenmyhomework(finish).4．Bythetimetheapplicantmakesuphismind,theoffer(cancel).5．Themayorsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheworldwidefair(complete)by2030.考点十情态动词的被动语态【知识精讲】含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。其被动语态句型如下：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词……否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词……疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？主动句：Wecandesignobjectsin3Donthecomputerveryeasily.我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。被动句：（肯定句）Objectsin3Dcanbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（否定句）Objectsin3Dcan’tbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily.（疑问句）A:Canobjectsin3Dbedesignedonthecomputerveryeasily?B:Yes,theycan./No,theycan’t.主动句：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkthisafternoon.今天下午你必须交作业。被动句：（肯定句）Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinthisafternoon.（否定句）Yourhomeworkneedn’tbehandedinthisafternoon.（疑问句）A:Mustmyhomeworkbehandedinthisafternoon?B:Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.主动句：Ihavetodothejobmyself.我不得不自己做这份工作。被动句：（肯定句）Thejobhastobedonebymyself.（否定句）Thejobhasn’ttobedonebymyself.（疑问句）A:Hasthejobtobedonebymyself?B:Yes,ithasto./No,ithasn’tto.注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,ithas.（误）B:No,ithasn’t.主动句：Allofusoughttoobeytherule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。被动句：（肯定句）Theruleoughttobeobeyed(byallofus).（否定句）Theruleoughtnotbeobeyed(byallofus).（疑问句）A:Oughttheruletobeobeyed(byallofus)?B:Yes,itoughtto./No,itoughtn’tto.【巩固提升】1．Thenewevidencemust(admit)beforethefinaljudgmentismade.2．Theplanshould(adjust)tosatisfythecustomer.3．Thecustomersuggestedthatthepackage(deliver)beforenoon.4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,traditionalclassescan’t(replace)byonlineones.5．Despitethisopposition,thebookraisedglobalawarenessabouthoweasilynaturecan(harm).A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。London’sChinesefoodscenewasoncecenteredaroundCantonesedishes.However,it1(witness)aremarkabletransformationoverthepastdecade,fromtraditionalCantoneserestaurantsto2diverserangeofregionalChinesecuisines,drivenbyLondoners’3(grow)curiosityaboutrealregionalflavors.Hotpotrestaurants,4thedinerscouldenjoygenuineSichuancuisine,suchasthepopularchain“SpiceKingdom,”havebecomeamajortrend.Theserestaurants5(skillful)combinetraditionalrecipeswithcreativecookingtechniques,attractingbothlocals6tourists.Meanwhile,noodleshopsspecializing(专攻)inhand-pulledvarietiesandofferingconvenientservices,like“NoodleMaster,”aregraduallygainingpopularity.At“SichuanSpiceHouse,”atop-ratedrestaurant,chilies(辣椒)usually7(source)directlyfromSichuan’sfarmlandstoensuretheoriginalstrongfieryflavor.Theowner,Ms.Li,explains,“Whileadaptingtolocalpreferencesbyadjustingspicelevelsslightly,wefocusonkeepingthegenuinerecipes8(pass)downfromoldergenerations.”Sheinsists9thoroughingredientselection,whichensuresqualityandsetsherrestaurantapartfromcompetitors.The10(rich)offoodchoicesinLondonreflectsabroaderculturalshift,creatingmoreopportunitiesforculturalexchange.Withitsdiverseofferings,LondonisbecomingatrueglobalhubforChinesecuisine.B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The13thTaoliCupwasheldinBeijinglastAugustandfeatured200programmes1(divide)intosixsectionsaccordingtostyle,includingclassicalChinesedance,Chinesefolkdance,balletandcontemporary(现代的)dance.Students2(represent)64schoolsfrom27citiesandprovincesparticipated,makingitthelargesteventinthecup’shistory.AccordingtoXuRui,presidentoftheBeijingDanceAcademy,15performanceswillbeheldin11citiesbetweenMayandNovember.Studentsfromover10artschools3participatedinthe13thTaoliCup,includingthosefromtheBeijingDanceAcademy,theCentralAcademyofDrama,theNanjingUniversityoftheArtsandHangzhouNormalUniversity,willtakepart4thetour.Beforeeachperformance,the5(winner)ofmajorawardsinpreviouseditions,amongthemstardancerslikeWangYabin,HuaXiaoyiandWangZihan,willintroduce6historyoftheTaoliCupandthepiecestobestaged.“Inthepast40years,thecompetition7(be)akeyplatform(平台)foryoungdancers8(show)theirskillandbeseenbyawideraudience.ManyyoungChinesedancersshottostardomafterwinningthecompetition,andhavebecometopdancer-choreographers(舞蹈编导)today.Theyhavetakenleadingrolesindanceproductionsintheatres,andhavecreatedtheirownwork,promotingthe9(develop)ofthedancesceneinChinabygrowingalargefanbasefortheart,10(especial)amongtheyoung,”saysXu.C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ireland’sbeautifulcountrysidehasalwayshadagreatinfluenceonitspeopleandtraditions.Thecountryhas1longhistoryofproducinggreatwritersandpoets.Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesand2(inspire)all,offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.The3(peace)landscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhills4(dot)withsheepandcattle.Anddownbythesea,theroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.Onaquietmorninginthemountains,feelthesunonyourskin,andbreatheinthesweetscentoffresh5(flower)whilebirdsgreetthenewday6theirmorningsong.Withallthisbeauty,itisnot7(surprise)thatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic,dancing,anddining.Thesetraditionsare8(absolute)rootedinitshistory.Tohaveachanceofexperiencingthis,stopbyavillagepubandrelaxwithaglassofwineoralocalbeer.Ifyou'relucky,youmightbeabletoenjoysometraditionalmusicanddancing,too.Andifyouintroduce9(you)toafriendlyface,youaremorethanlikely10(experience)localcultureandcustomsfirst-hand.

专题02被动语态密码速通（考点全解析）考点序号考点聚焦考点一一般现在时被动语态考点二一般过去时被动语态考点三一般将来时被动语态考点四现在进行时被动语态考点五过去进行时被动语态考点六现在完成时被动语态考点七过去完成时被动语态考点八过去将来时被动语态考点九将来完成时被动语态考点十情态动词被动语态脉脉｜络｜重｜构被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.在make,let,see,hear,notice,watch,feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。例如：WeheardhersinganEnglishsong.（主动）→ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsongbyus.（被动）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。当这些短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.Theplanwillbegivenup.考考｜点｜精｜讲一．语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。典型例句：主动句1.TheslavesbuilttheGreatPyramidslongtimeago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。主语谓语宾语状语典型例句：被动句2.TheGreatPyramidswerebuilt(bytheslaves)longtimeago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。二．主动语态转换为被动语态如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词”说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变主动句：ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1879.托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：Thelightbulbwasinvented(byThomasEdison)in1879.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。①原主动句中的宾语thelightbulb变为被动句中的主语。②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为wasinvented。③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者ThomasEdison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。④状语in1879的位置不变。主动句：Mr.Wangdeliveredthisspeech.王先生做了演讲。主语谓语宾语被动句：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbyMr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）主动句：TheancientGreeksheldthefirstOlympicGames2790yearsago.主语谓语宾语状语古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。被动句：ThefirstOlympicGameswereheld(bytheancientGreeks)2790yearsago.主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变）第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。考点一一般现在时的被动语态【知识精讲】一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。主动句：Helentidiesupherroomeveryday.海伦每天整理她的房间。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）Helen’sroomistidiedup(byHelen)everyday.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）Helen’sroomisn’ttidiedupeveryday.（疑问句）A:IsHelen’sroomtidiedupeveryday?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Whentheair-conditioner(turn)on,thebacteriawillbeblownintothehomeorofficeandmakepeoplesick.【答案】isturned【详解】句意：当空调开启时，细菌会被吹进家中或办公室，导致人生病。主句使用了一般将来时的被动语态，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。从句主语air-conditioner和turnon之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用isturned。2．Whenthesun’srayshittheearth,alotofheat(reflect)backintospace.【答案】isreflected【详解】句意：当太阳光线照射到地球时，大量热量被反射回太空。reflect(反射)是谓语动词，与主语heat之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。3．…itsfuturenowseveraldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsare(expect)totakeplace.【答案】expected【详解】句意：……展望未来，预计这些发展还需要几十年才会发生。此处空格前为助动词are，主语thesedevelopments与expect之间为被动关系，需用过去分词expected构成被动语态。4．AccordingtothetraditionalChinesecalendar,theWinterSolsticeoneofthetwenty-foursolarterms.按照中国传统历法，冬至被认为是二十四节气之一。【答案】isregardedas【详解】通过对比可知，空格处表达“被认为是”，是固定短语beregardedas，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语theWinterSolstice是一个节气，因此be动词用is。5．Sheis(sing)highpraisesforinthecompanybecausesheisalwayswillingtohelpothers.【答案】sung【详解】句意：她在公司受到高度赞扬，因为她总是乐于助人。she与singhighpraisesfor之间是被动关系，即她被赞扬，所以用被动语态“be+过去分词”，sing的过去分词是sung。考点二一般过去时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：TheworkersmadetheprinterIboughtyesterdaylastmonth.主语谓语宾语定语状语我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。被动句：（肯定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasmade(bytheworkers)lastmonth.主语定语谓语by+执行者状语我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。（否定句）TheprinterIboughtyesterdaywasn’tmadelastmonth.（疑问句）A:WastheprinterIboughtyesterdaymadelastmonth?B:Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。【巩固提升】1．AsfarasIknow,morethanonestudentaswellasthreeteachers(award)atthemeetingtheotherday.【答案】wasawarded【详解】句意：据我所知，几天前的会议上，不止一名学生和三位老师受到了表彰。aswellas连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定；morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；theotherday表示“几天前”，需用一般过去时；主语与award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态wasawarded。2．Unluckily,he(injure)whenhewascyclingalongthevalley.【答案】wasinjured【详解】句意：不幸的是，他沿着山谷骑车时受伤了。主语he和动词injure是被动关系，应用被动语态，时间状语从句whenhewascycling是过去的时间背景，因此主句用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语he是第三人称单数，故用wasinjured。3．Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncities(be)completelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.【答案】were【详解】句意：尽管这些活动曾声势浩大，但现实是大多数西方城市完全是围绕汽车需求重新规划建造的。让步状语从句用一般过去时werewidespread；城市被重新规划是过去既定事实，从句也用一般过去时。themajorityof+复数名词(cities)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。4．Thefeelingofsuccesswasnolonger(attach)towhatgradeIreceivedbuttothepurejoyoflearning.【答案】attached【详解】句意：成功的感觉不再与我得到的分数挂钩，而是与学习的纯粹乐趣相关联。Thefeelingofsuccess与attach“使与……有联系”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。5．Tomwas(admit)intoPekingUniversity.【答案】admitted【详解】句意：汤姆被北京大学录取了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Tomwas可知为一般过去时的被动语态。考点三一般将来时的被动语态【知识精讲】主动句：Arepairmanwillrepairhiscartomorrowmorning.主语谓语宾语状语一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。begoingto+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。被动句：（肯定句）Hiscarwillberepaired(byarepairman)tomorrowmorning.主语谓语by+执行者状语他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。（否定句）Hiscarwillnot/won’tberepairedtomorrowmorning.（疑问句）A:Willhiscarberepairedtomorrowmorning?B:Yes,itwill./No,itwon’t.主动句：TheyaregoingtovisittheChinaMillenniumMonument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。主语谓语宾语被动句：（肯定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisgoingtobevisited(bythem).主语谓语中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。（否定句）TheChinaMillenniumMonumentisn’tgoingtobevisited(bythem).（疑问句）A:IstheChinaMillenniumMonumentgoingtobevisited(bythem)?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Itisreportedthattheprojectconductedbyhisresearchteam(complete)nextmonth.【答案】willbecompleted【详解】句意：据报道，他的研究团队开展的这项项目将于下月完工。此处为谓语动词，主语project与complete为被动关系，结合时间状语“nextmonth”可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为willbecompleted。2．Moretrees(plant)alongtheriverbanknextspringtopreventsoilerosion.【答案】willbeplanted【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：明年春天河岸将会种植更多树木来防止水土流失。设空处为谓语，主语Moretrees与所给动词plant之间为被动关系，时间状语nextspring表将来，需用一般将来时的被动语态willbeplanted。故填willbeplanted。3．Onlyticketholderswillbe(admit)intotheconcerthall.【答案】admitted【详解】考查被动语态。句意：只有持票者才能进入音乐厅。主语“ticketholders（持票者）”与动词“admit（允许进入）”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”，所以此处应填admit的过去分词admitted，与前面的willbe构成一般将来时的被动语态，故填admitted。4．Thegoldmedalwill(award)tothepersonwhowinsfirstplaceintherace.【答案】beawarded【详解】句意：金牌将授予在比赛中获得第一名的人。主语Thegoldmedal和动词award之间是被动关系，本空用beawarded，与空前的will构成一般将来时的被动语态。5．Theshow“QuanzhouBeyond(非常泉州)”,directedbyZhangYimou,(stage)inQuanzhou’snewculturalcenterthisNationalDayholidayin2026.【答案】willbestaged【详解】句意：由张艺谋导演的节目《非常泉州》将于2026年国庆假期在泉州新文化中心上演。根据时间状语thisNationalDayholidayin2026可知，本句描述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且主语Theshow“QuanzhouBeyond(非常泉州)”与动词stage“上演”之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语用willbestaged。考点四现在进行时的被动语态【知识精讲】进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。主动句：TheteacheristellingSnowWhitenow.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。主语谓语宾语状语被动句：（肯定句）SnowWhiteisbeingtold(bytheteacher)now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。主语谓语by+执行者状语（否定句）SnowWhiteisn’tbeingtoldnow.（疑问句）A:IsSnowWhitebeingtoldnow?B:Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.【巩固提升】1．Manyoldbuildings(repair)nowtoprotectthelocalculture.【答案】arebeingrepaired【详解】句意：许多古建筑如今正在被修缮，以保护当地文化。now与现在进行时连用，主语buildings与repair是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/arebeingdone；且主语buildings复数，用arebeingrepaired。2．Toenrichpeople’sspirituallifeandpromotekindness,ameaningfulculturalactivity(perform)inthecommunitynow.【答案】isbeingperf