Unit8Lesson3课件冀教版英语八年级下册

Lesson3SecondarydisastersUnit8Naturaldisasters学习目标123能够掌握本课时单词、短语和句型。能够读懂文章，了解次生灾害。能够掌握合成和派生构词法。LeadinReadthequestionsandgiveyouranswers.AWhat’sasecondarydisaster?Giveanexample.BHowdowegettheword“secondary”from“second”?Secondarymeans“happenasaresultofsomethingelse”.So,“secondarydisasters”means“disastershappenasaresultofotherdisasters”.Forexample,abigearthquakecancauseatsunami.Weadd“-ary”totheendof“second”.新课讲授FreetalkDisastersareterrible.Sometimes,secondarydisastersareevenmoredangerousbecausetheycreatemoredamages.Secondarydisastersincludelandslides,fires,floods,andsoon.Hereisaseriousexample.OnMarch11,2011,thelargestearthquakeeverrecordedinJapancausedgreatdestruction.Tsunamiwaveshitthecoastalarealessthanhalfanhourlater.ThesewavesdamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Inthefollowingdays,explosionsoccurredtheplant.Morethan150,000peoplehadtoleavethearea.Lotsofradioactivitygotintotheoceanandcamedownfromtheatmosphere.Theearthquakehighlightedanimportantproblem—disastersoftencauseachainreaction,leadingtomoreproblems.Ifpeopledonotdealwiththemproperly,itwillleadtogreaterdisasters.Itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytotakeactiontoreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters.ReadingReadthepassagequickly.Dividethepassageintopartsandsummarisethemainideaofeachpart.Part1 Paragraph1 Thetypeanddangerofsecondarydisasters.Part2 Paragraphs2-3 TheearthquakeinJapanleadstomoreproblems.Part3 Paragraph4 Everyoneshouldtakeactionstoreducedisasters.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestions.1.Howmanysecondarydisastersarementionedinthispassage?Whatarethey?2.WhatdisasterhappenedinJapanin2011?3.WhathappenedtotheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant?4.Whatshouldpeopledotoreducedisasters?Five.Theyarelandslides,fires,floods,tsunamiandexplosions(atthenuclearpowerplant).AbigearthquakehappenedinJapanonMarch11,2011.Itwasdamagedbytsunamiwaves,andexplosionsoccurredthere.Lotsofradioactivitywasreleased.Peopleshouldtakeactiontoreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters.Readthepassageagainandputthesentencesinorder.ARadioactivitygotintotheoceanandatmosphere.BExplosionsoccurredattheplant.CThelargestearthquakeinJapancausedseriousdestruction.DTsunamiwaveshitthecoastalarea.CDBAReadthesentencesandpayattentiontothepartsinyellow.·Secondarydisastersincludelandslides,fires,floods,andsoon.·Theearthquake

highlightedanimportantproblem.Compoundwordsareformedwhentwoormorewordsarecombined.Forexample,land+slide=landslide,earth+quake=earthquake.Derivativesarecreatedbyaddingaffixes(prefixesorsuffixes)toexistingwords.Forexample,second+-ary=secondary,harm+ful=harmful.Grammarfocus构词法(Wordformation)：合成和派生(Compositionandderivation)了解英语单词的构成规律，对我们记忆、使用单词都有帮助。合成法和派生法（加前缀、后缀)是很重要的两个英语构词方法。一、合成词合成词由两个或两个以上的词合并而成，又称为复合词。常见的合成方式如下表：合成方式类别构成方法例词复合名词名词+名词形容词+名词副词+名词名词+动词coastlinebasketballhighlightblackboardoutdooroutsidelandslideearthquake复合代词代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)some(any,no)+one(body,thing)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfourselvesthemselvessomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyonenothingnobody二、派生词派生词是指在一个单词的前面或后面加一个词缀而形成的新词。常见的前缀、后缀如下表：前缀前缀构成方法例词un-加在某些形容词前，构成其反义词happyadj.(幸福的)—unhappyadj.(不幸福的)importantadj.(重要的)—unimportantadj.(不重要的)dis-加在某些动词、形容词或名词前，构成其反义词appearv.(出现)—disappearv.(消失)honestadj.(诚实的)—dishonestadj.(不诚实的)ordern.(秩序)—disordern.(紊乱)en-加在某些名词或形容词前构成及物动词couragen.(勇气)—encouragev.(鼓励)largeadj.(大的)—enlargev.(扩大)richadj.(丰富的)—enrichv.(使丰富)后缀后缀构成方法例词-ment-ing-er-or-ion-tion加在某些动词后，构成名词developv.(发展)—developmentn.(发展)meetv.(遇见)—meetingn.(会议)teachv.(教授)—teachern.(教师)actv.(表演)—actorn.(演员)discussv.(讨论)—discussionn.(讨论)explainv.(解释)—explanationn.(解释)-al-ful-y-ly加在某些名词后，构成形容词coastn.(海岸)—coastaladj.(沿海的)harmn.(伤害)—harmfuladj.(有害的)windn.(风)—windyadj.(有风的)fiendn.(朋友)—friendlyadj.(友好的)后缀后缀构成方法例词-less加在某些名词后，构成词义相反的形容词caren.(谨慎)—carelessadj.(粗心的)homen.(家)—homelessadj.(无家可归的)-ness加在某些形容词后，构成名词darkadj.(黑暗的)—darknessn.(黑暗)happyadj.(幸福的)—happinessn.(幸福)-ly加在某些形容词后，构成副词busyadj.(忙的)—busilyadv.(忙地)clearadj.(清楚的)—clearlyadv.(清楚地)ThencirclemorecompoundwordsinActivity2.Disastersareterrible.Sometimes,secondarydisastersareevenmoredangerousbecausetheycreatemoredamages.Secondarydisastersincludelandslides,fires,floods,andsoon.Hereisaseriousexample.OnMarch11,2011,thelargestearthquakeeverrecordedinJapancausedgreatdestruction.Tsunamiwaveshitthecoastalarealessthanhalfanhourlater.ThesewavesdamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Inthefollowingdays,explosionsoccurredtheplant.Morethan150,000peoplehadtoleavethearea.Lotsofradioactivitygotintotheoceanandcamedownfromtheatmosphere.Theearthquakehighlightedanimportantproblem—disastersoftencauseachainreaction,leadingtomoreproblems.Ifpeopledonotdealwiththemproperly,itwillleadtogreaterdisasters.Itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytotakeactiontoreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters.PracticeReadthesentencesandfillintheblanks.AThesecondbookintheseriesservedasasecondarysourceofinformationformyresearchproject.(second)BIfeelvery_________tohaveescapedtheearthquake,and_________,allofmyfamilymembersweresafe,too.(luck)CTheirrichimaginationand_________haveinspiredthe_________

ofnewproducts.(create)luckyluckilycreativitycreationDJimmylikestousethattoothbrushwithcutecartoonstobrushhisteeth.EThe_________

bravelyfightsagainstthefiretoprotectthepeople.FTheland,includingrocksandsoil,slidesdownfromthemountainandformsa_________.firefighterlandslide1.Sometimes,secondarydisastersareevenmoredangerousbecausetheycreatemoredamages.secondary形容词，意为“次生的”常用搭配：secondaryeffects次生影响secondarydisasters次生灾害（如地震后的洪水、火灾）相关词汇：second第二e.g.Earthquakescancausesecondarydisasterslikelandslides.地震可能引发滑坡之类的次生灾害。Thefirestartedasasecondaryeffectofthegasexplosion.这场火灾是煤气爆炸的次生影响。Languagepoints2.Tsunamiwaveshitthecoastalarealessthan

halfanhourlater.lessthan意为“少于”，后接具体数字、时间、数量等，强调“未达到某一数量”，其反义短语为morethan,意思是“超过”，相当于over。e.g.Theprojectwilltakelessthanaweektofinish.完成这个项目只需不到一周的时间。Therearelessthan20studentsintheclassroom.教室里的学生少于20人。half意为“一半的”，作形容词。halfan/a+名词，意为“半个……”。halfanhour半个小时；halfaday半天；halfanapple半个苹果3.Ifpeopledonotdealwiththemproperly,itwillleadtogreaterdisasters.dealwith“处理；处置”，dealwith+名词（问题、困难、人等），常与疑问副词how连用。dowith意为“处理；处置”，常与疑问代词what连用。e.g.Theteacherhelpedmedealwiththedifficultmathproblem.老师帮我解决了这道数学难题。HowshouldIdealwiththesevegetables?=WhatshouldIdowiththesevegetables?我应该怎么处理这些蔬菜？leadto导致；通往e.g.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。Poorcommunicationleadstomisunderstandings.沟通不畅会导致误解。4.Itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytotakeactiontoreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters.长难句分析：这是一个主系表结构的简单句。It是形式主语；is是系动词；everyone’sresponsibility是表语。totakeactiontoreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters动词不定式短语是真正的主语，toreducedisastersorsecondarydisasters是另一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语。takeaction采取行动；采取措施takeactiontodosth.采取行动做某事e.g.Weshould‌takeactiontoprotect‌endangeredspecies.我们应该采取行动保护濒危物种。根据句意及提示完成下列句子1.Thebooksare