初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题02 限定性定语从句速通（暑假复习讲义）（原卷版）

/专题02限定性定语从句速通考点序号考点聚焦考点一限定性定语从句考点二关系代词引导的定语从句考点三关系副词引导的定语从句考点四介词+关系代词引导的定语从句脉脉｜络｜重｜构考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一限定性定语从句【知识精讲】限定性定语从句一．定义用来限定、明确先行词（前面的名词/代词）的定语从句，无逗号与主句隔开；从句是主句不可或缺的一部分，去掉从句后主句含义模糊、指代不清，无法独立表意。作用：缩小先行词范围，区分同类人/事物，起限定辨别作用。二．结构万能公式：先行词+关系词+从句剩余部分名词解释-先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（放在从句最前面）-关系词：who/whom/whose/which/that/when/where/why，连接主句从句，替代先行词-核心特点：从句和主句之间无逗号隔开，从句不可删除例句：Theboywhowearsajacketismyfriend.句子拆分（对应万能公式）：1.先行词：theboy（被修饰名词，指代人）2.关系词：who（连接句子，代替theboy，从句作主语）3.从句：whowearsajacket（限定：穿夹克的，用来区分别的男孩）4.主句：Theboyismyfriend三．限定性定语从句vs非限定性定语从句1.有无逗号（最直观区分标志）限定：Ilikethebooksthatyoubought.我喜欢你买的那些书。（无逗号）非限定：Ilikethesebooks,whichyoubought.我很喜欢这些书，这些书是你买的。（有逗号）2.从句是否必不可少限定（删去看不懂）：Thegirlwhowearsredismydeskmate.穿红衣服的女孩是我同桌。删从句：Thegirlismydeskmate.（哪个女孩？指代模糊）非限定（删去主干完整）：Mydeskmate,whowearsred,lovesmusic.我的同桌，她穿红衣服，喜欢音乐。删从句：Mydeskmatelovesmusic.（句意完整）3.that的使用规则限定可用that：ThisisthebestgiftthatIhavegot.非限定禁止that（错误）：Hepassedtheexam,thatmadeushappy.正确：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadeushappy.4.关系词能否省略限定（作宾语可省）：Thepen(which/that)Ilostisnew.非限定（不可省）：Thispen,whichIlost,isnew.不能去掉which5.which指代整件事（仅非限定独有）非限定可指代前面整句话，限定不行：Hefailedthetest,whichmadehismomangry.他考试不及格，这件事让妈妈很生气。【典例破题】用适当的关系代词填空，并判断该从句是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。1.Theman______iswearingaredtieismyuncle.2.Myuncle,______iswearingaredtie,iscomingtodinnertonight.【巩固提升】请标出定语从句1.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.2.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisverythick.3.Myuncle,whoisapainter,willvisitustomorrow.4.Thehousewhichstandsonthecornerhasbeensold.5.Thiscity,whereIwasborn,haschangedalot.6.Thescientistwhomweinterviewedisfamous.7.Mybestfriend,whosefatherisapilot,lovestraveling.8.Thestudentswhofinishthetestearlymayleave.9.Theparkthatwevisitedyesterdaywasbeautiful.10.TheEiffelTower,whichisinParis,isapopularlandmark.考点二关系代词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】关系代词及其用法二．只用that（不能用which）的5种情况（指物时）：1.先行词被序数词（first,last）或最高级（best,most）修饰时。ThisisthemosttouchingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.2.先行词是不定代词（all,everything,nothing,little,much,none）时。Allthatglittersisnotgold.（闪光的未必都是金子）3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时。ItistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.4.先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweremembered.5.主句以which开头（避免重复）时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?【易错】关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数必须与先行词保持一致。Heisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatmath.（先行词是students，复数）Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatmath.（先行词是one，单数，因为加了theonly）【典例破题】填写关系代词Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisuseful.【巩固提升】单选Thegirl______helpedmewithmyEnglishismydeskmateA.whichB.whoC.whatD.where2.Thisistheoldbike______myfatherboughttenyearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.who3.Iknowtheboy______youmetattheschoolgateyesterday.A.whoseB.whomC.whereD.why4.Thisistheonlystorybook______Ilikebest.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who5.Wevisitedthevillage______houseswerebuiltlastyear.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whom6.All______weneedisenoughtimetofinishthework.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who7.Theman______carbrokedownneedshelpnow.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which8.Thepeopleanddogs______wesawtherewereveryfriendly.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what9.Thepen______Iwrotehomeworkislosttoday.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why10.Heisthefirststudent______passedthedifficultexam.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what考点三关系副词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】经典例句：when：Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.（我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。）where：ThisisthecaféwhereIusedtowork.（这是我以前工作的咖啡馆。）why：Tellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate.（告诉我你迟到的原因。）二．where不只指“具体地点”在高级写作和阅读中，where引导的定语从句可以修饰抽象名词，表示“在...方面/阶段/情况下”。where的先行词可以是：situation（情况）,case（案例）,point（地步）,stage（阶段）,condition（条件）,activity（活动）,system（体系）。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.（我们已经到了需要变革的地步。）Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtomakeadecision.（他陷入了难以做决定的境地。）三．如何区分用“关系代词”还是“关系副词”？判断法则：缺主语或宾语→用关系代词(who/whom/which/that)缺状语（主谓宾齐全）→用关系副词(when/where/why)对比：1.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.从句是Ivisited__。visit是及物动词，后面缺宾语（参观“工厂”）。→用which/that（作宾语）。2.ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedlastyear.从句是Iworked__。work是不及物动词，主谓齐全，不缺宾语，缺的是地点状语（在工厂里）。→用where（作状语）。3.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithyou.spend是及物动词，后面缺宾语（度过“那些日子”）。→用which/that。4.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweplayedtogether.play是不及物动词，主谓齐全，缺时间状语。→用when。【典例破题】填写关系副词Istillremembertheday______Ifirstmetyou.【巩固提升】Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthemusicclub.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.what2.Thisisthesmalltown______mygrandparentslive.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.whom3.Pleasetellmethereason______youwerelateforschool.A.whichB.whoC.whyD.when4.Ilikethepark______Icanrelaxmyselfonweekends.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whose5.Doyouknowthetime______thesportsmeetingwillstart?A.whyB.whereC.whenD.which6.Thisistheoffice______myfatherworkseveryday.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that7.Thereason______hegaveupthejobisunknowntous.A.whyB.whenC.whoseD.whom8.Istillrememberthesummer______wetravelledtogether.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which9.Theshop______Iboughtmybagisnearourschool.A.whenB.whyC.whereD.who10.Wedon’tknowthereason______sheleftquietly.A.whichB.whyC.whereD.when考点四介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】二、介词到底怎么选？1.来自从句中的动词固定搭配（最常见）介词必须与从句中的谓语动词构成固定短语。SheisthepersontowhomItalkedyesterday.（talktosb.）Thisisthegoalforwhichwearestriving.（strivefor）2.来自从句中的形容词固定搭配介词与从句中的形容词构成搭配。Itwasachallengeofwhichwewereproud.（beproudof）3.来自先行词与介词的逻辑关系（表时间/地点/方式）此时相当于关系副词的正式版。Istillrememberthedayonwhichwemet.（=when）ThisistheroominwhichIlive.（=where）Thatisthewayinwhichhesolvedit.（=how，但不能用how引导定语从句，只能用inwhich或that/省略）【注意】介词绝对不能提前的两种情况！陷阱一：固定动词短语中的介词不能前置（“动介”不分离）如果动词和介词是不可分割的固定短语（尤其是表示动作的短语），介词必须留在动词后面，不能提前。❌ThisisthebabyofwhomItakecare.（错误）✅Thisisthebaby(whom/who/that)Itakecareof.（正确，因为takecareof是一个整体）❌Thesearetheissuesaboutwhichwehavetalked.（注意：talkabout可以提前，因为不是固定习语？不对，talkabout通常认为是可以拆的。真正不能拆的是：lookfor,listento,callon,getover,gothrough等）更准确的判断标准：如果去掉介词，动词意思会发生剧变或不成短语，则不能前置。IfoundthepenwhichIwaslookingfor.（不能写成forwhich，虽然语法允许，但口语习惯后置。正式书面语中，为了优雅有时会强行提前，但lookfor太口语化，一般后置。核心陷阱是：如果介词与动词结合极紧，如dependon,relyon,laughat，虽然语法上可以提前，但会让句子极不自然，考试中常考的是inwhich等方位介词，而不是动作短语的介词。）陷阱二：介词后面绝不能接that或who记住公式：介词+whom（人）/which（物）。即使你想用that，语法上完全错误。【典例破题】填写介词+关系代词Thisistheroom____________Ilivedlastyear.【巩固提升】单选1.Thefamousscientist______wehavelearnedagreatdealisgoingtogiveusalecturenextweek.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhomD.aboutwhom2.Thespeed______whichthecarwastravelingwasalarming.A.byB.atC.inD.on3.Theoldpainter______Ilearnedthebasicskillshaspassedaway.A.whoB.fromwhomC.aboutwhomD.whom4.Shehasthreedaughters,two______aredoctors.A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.whoD.that5.Thestadium______wewatchedthefootballmatchlastnighthasahistoryof50years.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that6.Thecompany,______heworkedfortenyears,wentbankruptlastmonth.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.inwhich7.Fortunately,wehadamap,without______wewouldhavegotlost.A.whichB.thatC.itD.what8.Theguitar______sheaccompaniedhersingingwasmadeinSpain.A.whichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich9.Theclassroom,thedoor______isbroken,needstoberepaired.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.that10.Hemadeagreatcontributiontotheproject,______weareproud.A.ofwhichB.aboutwhichC.whichD.forwhich填写适当的连接词1.Thisisthebestmovie______Ihaveeverseen.2.Iwillneverforgetthepark______wehadapicniclastweekend.3.Theboy______fatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.4.Thegirl______wemetonthestreetismynewclassmate.5.Iknowthereason______herefusedtheinvitation.6.Thisistheschool____________Istudiedforsixyears.7.Everything______hetoldmeistrue.8.Theman____________IspokeismyEnglishteacher.9.Theday______Ijoinedtheclubwasunforgettable.10.Heistheonlyperson______canhelpyououtoftrouble.二．单选2023.3Kennystillrememberstheclassdiscussion________theteacheraskedstudentstosharewhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.where2022.6Guidebooksarepreparedtosuittheconvenienceofthetraveler,______routesroundacityorasiteareoftensuggested.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.forwhomD.withwhom2022.3Whenpeoplethinkaboutoperatingsystemsweredevelopedforthepersonalcomputer,Microsoftmaycometomind.A.whatB.whereC.whoD.which2021.03WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes___wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A.fromwhichB.inwhichC.withwhom