2026年北京市海淀区高三上学期期末考试英语试题含答案

第1页/共1页海淀区2025～2026学年第一学期期末练习高三英语2026.01本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Everyonelovesgivingadvicealwaysreadytosharetheirwisdom—butnoteverypieceofadviceactuallyhelps.TheworstI’veeverbeenofferedis“justbeyourself”.IthappenedonthemorningofmyEnglishpresentationonOfMiceandMen.Iwasnervous,but___1___.Ihadpractisedforhoursandprintedmynotecards.ButjustminutesbeforeIbegan,myfriendSamleanedoverandsaid,“Don’tstress.Justbeyourself.”“Bemyself?”Mynervesinstantlywentonedge,“Which___2___?Theawkward,overthinkingonethatmakesweirdjokesunderpressure,ortheonethatrepeatedlysays‘thankyou’nomatterwhat?”Therewasnotimetonegotiatewithmy___3___personalities.Mynamewascalled.Istoodup,tookadeepbreath,anddecidedto___4___Sam’sadvice.___5___I’d“speakfromtheheart,”Iabandonedthenotecards.Badmove.Thefirstsentencecameoutfine,butthesecondinvolved___6___thekeyword“symbolism”.Bythethird,Iquotedamottothatdidn’tevenexist.“Justbeyourself.”Ithought,asInoticedthe___7___onthefacesofaudience.BythetimeIsatdown,Ihadsweatedthroughmyshirt,forgottenhalfmypoints,butgainedanew___8___fornotecards,scriptandstructure.Ilearnedthat“beyourself”is___9___goodadvicewhenyour“self”iscalm,prepared,andmaybehasasolidoutline.Inhigh-pressuremoments,it’sbettertobeyourbestself:theversionthatpractices,plansahead,andknowswhentosticktothescript.Now,whensomeonetellsmeto“justbeyourself,”Ismile,thankthem,and___10___mynotecards.1.A.prepared B.pleased C.encouraged D.enlightened2.A.stage B.level C.version D.class3.A.flexible B.multiple C.charming D.strong4.A.take B.confirm C.seek D.ignore5.A.Pretending B.Admitting C.Figuring D.Recalling6.A.defining B.discussing C.highlighting D.forgetting7.A.concern B.confusion C.contentment D.curiosity8.A.requirement B.replacement C.application D.appreciation9.A.only B.always C.even D.still10.A.setaside B.pullout C.takeaway D.bringback第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Second-handproductshavebecomepopularinrecentyears.Manyshoppershavenoticedariseinsecond-handstores,whichofferanincreasinglydiverserangeofproducts.____11____,drivesyoungpeopletovisitthesestorestodayissimple.Priceremainstheprimaryconsiderationformanyconsumers.Peoplecanfindwell-maintainedproductsatrelatively____12____(afford)prices.Environmentalconsciousnessalsoinfluencesyoungconsumers’purchasingdecisions.Somebuyerssaybesidessavingmoney,purchasingpre-ownedgoodsalso____13____(prevent)resourcewaste.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。IntheearlywinterofsouthernHubei,morethanadozenBeltandRoadmediarepresentativesfromdifferentcountriesarrivedinChibi—anancientcity____14____heritageincludesboththebattlefieldmemoriesoftheThreeKingdomsandtheenduringlegacyoftea.FollowingthehistorictracksoftheTeaRoad,theyexploredthethousand-year-oldrelics____15____(preserve)fromtheThreeKingdomsbattlefield.Throughimmersiveexperiences,theyuncoveredthetimelessstoriesofQingzhuanTea,____16____(learn)howChinese-stylemodernizationencouragesculturalexchangeandmutualunderstandingamongpeople.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Logicisthestudyofwhatcountsasagoodreasonforwhat,andwhy.Itisoneofthemostancientintellectualdisciplines.Theonly____17____(old)disciplinesarephilosophyandmathematics,withwhichithasalwaysbeenintimatelyconnected.It____18____(revolutionize)aroundtheturnof20thcenturybytheapplicationofnewmathematicaltechniques.Mostrecently,overthelastfiftyyears,logic____19____(find)newandimportantrolesincomputationandinformationprocessing.Itisthusasubjectthatiscentral____20____humanthoughtanddevelopment.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AGearupforBiketoSchoolDay2026—ameaningfulinitiativethatbringsfamiliestogethertoreimaginethedailycommuteasawaytoconnect,stayhealthy,andcarefortheenvironment.Whetheryou’reanexperiencedcyclistornewtotwo-wheeledtravel,thisannualeventgoesbeyondfun:it’sapurposefulefforttoaddjoyandresponsibilitytokids’routines,whilebuildingacommitmenttoplanetaryhealth.WhatIsBiketoSchoolDay?BiketoSchoolDayisanationwidemovementthatencouragesschools,families,andcommunitiestoprioritizeactive,non-motorizedtravelforkids.Fromcitiestosmalltowns,participatingschoolsworktowardnurturingphysicalhealthinchildrenwhileeasingtrafficjamsandcuttingdownonpollutionfromschool-runcars.Beyondfreshairandexercise,thiseventhelpspeopleadoptamoremindfulapproachtodailytravel,lettingparticipantsplayaroleinaculturefocusedonsustainabilityandpublichealth.KeyDetailsfortheDayWhen:February7—followingregularschoolscheduleswhileofferingarefreshingbreakfromroutine.Where:Yourlocalschool;manygroupridesareorganizedfromsetmeetingpoints—checkwithyourschoolorrideleaderforspecifics.Whattobring:Awell-keptbike,aproperlyfittedhelmet(requiredforsafety),alock,andsnacksorwatertostayenergized.T-shirts:AllregisteredattendeesgetanexclusivebrandedT-shirt—notjustakeepsake,butavisiblesignofyourcommitmenttoredefiningtheschoolcommuteasacommunityexperience.HowandWhyGettinginvolvedisstraightforward:fillouttheonlineformtoregisterasaparticipant.AndyouwillgetachancetowinabikeifyoupostyourBiketoSchoolDayjourneyonsocialmediatoshareyourexperiencewithawidercommunity.It’stimetocutbackoncartripsandembracebikingasawaytofosterlong-termhealthyhabits,reduceenvironmentalimpact,andbuildasharedsenseofadventure.21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBiketoSchoolDay?A.Itislaunchedbylocalschools.B.Participantsneedtoregisteringroups.C.Participantshavetobeexperiencedcyclists.D.Itinvolvesschools,familiesandcommunities.22.Whatshouldparticipantsdoinadvance?A.Filloutapaperapplication. B.Prepareabikeandahelmet.C.Sharetheeventnoticeonline. D.Askforleavefromtheschool.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toproposeanationwideinitiative. B.Tohighlightthebenefitsofcycling.C.Toraiseawarenessoftravellinggreen. D.Toencourageparticipationinanevent.BPapaandIbondedovergamesofanystyle.OneoftheitemsthatPapaconsideredworthywasacheckered,8x8gridofwood.ThisboardfosteredallofourSaturdaychessgames.“Check!”Iboasted.“Ohdear...,”Papasaid,studyingtheboard.Heslidhisknightinfrontofhisking,protectingitfromdanger.“Checkmate,”hesmirked(得意地笑).Itwasover.Hehadwon.Followingthegame,Iawaitedourritualdiscussion.Potsandpansclangedaroundus,buthewasfocusedonhowIcouldimprove.Papaneverwenteasyonmeinchessgames.Heprovidedmewiththetoolstowinonmyown.Myskillswereimproving,buthisseemedtodotheopposite.Throughoutmanyyearsofgames,Ihadanoccasionalwin,usuallymeaninghewasn’tfeelingwell.Inhislastyearsoflife,thePapaIknewwasslowlyandpainfullystolenfrommebyAlzheimer’s.Ashisoncekeenmindstartedtofog,ourrelationshipbegantochangeandadapt.Ourgamestransitionedfromchesstocheckers(国际跳棋).TheSaturdaysrolledbyroutinely,untilonesnowymorninginJanuary.Asthegameprogressed,Papamovedapiece,notseeingthatitopenedupadoublejumpforme.Jump.Jump.Ihadtakentwoofhispieces.Jump.Anotherpiecewastaken.Mystackofpiecespiledup.However,amomentthatwassupposedtobringmepridewascausingmystomachtotwistandturn.Somethingseemedoff.IhadrarelygottentothepointinagameagainstmybrilliantPapawhereIhadthepotentialtowin.Hiseyeswerestillconcentratedontheboard,attemptingtothinkthroughhisnextmove.Heputhishandonanotherpiece,shiftingitandopeningupatriplejumpforme.Ishelettingmewin?Thiscan’tberight.Ikeptsettingupmoves,allinhopesofhisclevermind,foggedwithdisease,acknowledgingthem.Desperatetoseethesignaturesmirk,justonemoretime,Icontinuedtotry.Hecouldn’tdoit,buthesmiled,bringingabittersweetendtoourfinalgame.AlthoughAlzheimer’sstolemyPapa’sintellectualmind,itwasnotcapableofthievingusofthebeautifulmomentswehad.Endinginadraw,webothwonthefinalgame.24.WhatisPapa’steachingprinciple?A.Encouragediscovery;don’tdelivervictory. B.Acquiredskilloutshinesnaturaltalent.C.Embracefailure;don’tshelterfromit. D.Learningrequiresstrictdiscipline.25.Whatcausedtheauthor’sstomachtotwistandturn?A.Hedislikedplayingcheckers. B.HefeltguiltyfordefeatingPapa.C.Hefearedlosinghiswinninglead. D.HenoticedPapa’sdeclineinhealth,26.Whatwastheauthormostlikelythinkingtohimselfwhenthelastgameended?A.“IcanfinallybeatPapanow!” B.“IshouldhavelosttoPapa.”C.“HowIwishPapahadwon!” D.“Papahasletmewinagain.”27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Truelovelaststhroughchanges. B.Wisdomispassedonbeyondwords.C.Nobodycomesoutontopinadraw. D.Nothingconnectslikesharedpassion.CRatsgivengutmicrobiome(肠道微生物)transplantsfromenergeticyoungchildrenseemkeenertoexploretheirenvironment.“Itsuggestsourmicrobesareactiveparticipantsinemotionaldevelopment,notjustpassivepassengers,”saysHarrietSchellekensatUniversityCollegeCorkinIreland,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.Agrowingbodyofresearchhaslinkedthecommunitiesofmicrobesthatresideinourgutstoourhealth,emotionsandmoods.Forexample,peoplewholackcertaintypesofgutbacteriaseemtofaceahigherriskofdepressionoranxiety.Itisn’tentirelyclearifthemicrobescausethesechangesorifthemicrobialcommunityaltersasaresultofbehaviour,buttherearesomesignsthatalteringthemake-upofthemicrobiomecaninfluencemood.Forexample,faecal(排泄物)transplantsfrompeoplewithdepressiontoratsseemtocausedepressivebehaviourintherats,andpeoplewithdepressiontreatedwithfaecaltransplantshaveseentheirsymptomsimproveinpreliminarytrials.Toshedmorelightonhowthegutmicrobiomemaybelinkedtotemperament(性情),AnnaAatsinkiattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandandhercolleaguestransplantedfaecesfromtoddlerstoyoungrats.First,theyevaluatedthepersonalitiesof272.5-year-old-toddlersusingastandardtemperamentassessmentandanexerciseinwhichchildrenwereinvitedtoplaywithabubblegun.Basedontheseassessments,theresearchersjudged10ofthetoddlersasexuberant(充满活力的),andeightasinhibitedandintroverted.Fromthesegroups,theyselectedfourexuberantandfourinhibitedtoddlers—halfboys,halfgirls—andcollectedsamplesoftheirfaeces.Faecalsampleswithaddedglycerolorcontrolsamplesofglycerolweretransferredto53ratsaged22or23daysold,whichhadalreadyhadtheirbowelscleansed.Aatsinkiandhercolleaguesthenputtheratsthroughaseriesofbehaviouraltestsindifferentsituations.Theyfoundthatratswithmicrobiomesfromtoddlerswithhighexuberancetraitsshowedmoreexploratorybehaviourthanratswithacontroltransplantorthosereceivingfaecesfrominhibitedtoddlers.Toexplorehowgutmicrobesmightinfluencethebrain,theyalsoanalysedbraintissue,lookingforchangesingeneactivity.Thisshowedthatratsgiventransplantsfrominhibitedtoddlershadlessactivityinneuronsthatproducedopamine,abrainchemicallinkedtorewardforrisk-takingbehaviour.“Thisstudybeautifullyshowshowthegutmicrobiomeinearlylifemayhelpshapebehaviouraltendencies,”saysSchellekens.Theinfluenceshouldn’tbeoverstatedthough,saysAatsinki.“Overall,adults’temperamenttraitsarerelativelystronglycorrelatedwithgenetics,butenvironmentalfactors,potentiallyincludingthemicrobiome,couldinfluencethevarianceofsomebehaviours.”28.WhatcanweknowaboutthedesignofAatsinki’sresearch?ABehaviorsofthreegroupsofratswerecompared.B.Theratsunderwentatemperamentassessment.C.Itinvolvedcross-speciesorgantransplant.D.Thetoddlersweregroupedbygender.29.WhatcanwelearnfromAatsinki’sresearch?A.Itisthefirstresearchtohavelinkedgutmicrobeswithemotions.B.Introvertedkids’gutmicrobesreducerats’adventurousness.C.Faecaltreatmentseasepatients’depressivesymptoms.D.Ourpersonalitiesarestronglylinkedtoourdiet.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RatStudyRevealsPersonalitySecretB.RatTestsUncoverBehaviouralDifferenceC.GutMicrobiomesMayInfluenceOurPersonalityD.GutMicrobiomeTransplantMightCureDepressionDTheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)spendsalotofitstimestaringatnothing.Theshotsofdeepspacethisproducesareremarkablybeautiful,transforminganapparentlyemptyskyintoafielddottedwiththousandsofdistantgalaxies.Thefirstsurveysoftheearlyuniversehavesurprisedastronomers,asthegalaxiesseembrighterthanexpected,withmorestarformationandlargerblackholes.Yetmaybeweshouldn’thavebeentoostartledtofindtheuniversesurprisingus:ithasbeendoingsosincewefirstpeeredintothecosmicdarkness.ThemostfamousimageoftheearlyuniverseistheHubbleDeepFieldcapturedin1995.Yetthisshotwasalmostnevertaken.TimeontheHubbleSpaceTelescopeispreciousandastronomersspendmonthspreparingproposalstotrytogetaccess.Theprocessisabitodd—oftenrequiringresearcherstoarguesimultaneouslythattheproposedobservationswouldtransformastronomy,butalsothatweknowexactlywhattheywillshow.Therearenormallysevenoreighttimesasmanyproposalsascanbeaccepted,soriskyobservationshavetroublegettingthrough.Backinthe1990s,manyrenownedastronomersarguedthatdirectingHubbleatdeepspacewaspointless,bettingthatthespacetelescopewouldn’tfindasinglenewgalaxy.Theyassumedthatthegalaxiesweseearoundustodayarerepresentativeofthosethroughoutthepast14billionyearsorso,apessimisticoutlookwenowknowisbadlywrong.Findingtheearlyuniverselitupwithfireworkdisplaysofstarformationwasafortuitousdiscovery.Butonceyoustartlooking,youwillfindthatastronomicalhistoryisfilledwithdiscoveriesmadebyaccident,orwhilescientistswerelookingforsomethingelseentirely.TheteambehindNASA’sCassiniprobewasfocusedonitsmissiontoexploreSaturn’sfamousringsanditsmysteriousmoonTitanwhenanunexpectedencounterwiththetinymoonEnceladusrevealedfountainsofwatercomingfromitssouthpole.ItisnowperhapsthemostlikelyplaceforustofindlifebeyondEarth.Thesediscoveriesareallalongwayfromhowscienceistaught,wherecarefulexperimentandtestingofhypothesesleadtoprogress.Surpriseisfun,somaybeweshouldembraceserendipityalittlemore.Someastronomersinvolvedinreviewingthisyear’sJWSTobservationshavesuggesteditwouldbefairer,andeasier,toallocatetimeonthetelescopebylottery,acknowledgingthatwithsomanygoodideasfloatingaround,wecan’tpossiblychoosebetweenthem.Butwhetheritisstaringintodeepspaceorexploringthesolarsystem,experiencehastaughtusthatpreparingtobesurprisedbytheuniverseisthebestwaytomakenewdiscoveries.31.WhatcanbeinferredaboutJWST?A.Itfunctionsfromtimetotime.B.Itrenewsourknowledgeofdeepspace.C.ItsurprisespeoplemorethanHubbledoes.D.Itconfirmspreviousassumptionsoftheuniverse.32.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope’sproposalprocess?A.Itfailstoleavemuchroomforflexibility.B.Itfavorsproposalsbyrenownedscientists.C.Itleadstopessimisticviewsoftheuniverse.D.Itensuresthemostpromisingideasgetthrough.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fortuitous”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Groundbreaking. B.Effortless. C.Chance. D.Plain.34.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage?A.Introducespacehistory. B.Examineadiscovery.C.Balanceopposingviews. D.Encourageamindset.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wearefacedwithincreasingpressuretomakesensibledecisionsabouteveryaspectofourlives—fromchoosingthehealthiestbreakfastoptiontofindingaschooloruniversitytoattend.Makethecorrectchoiceandyoucangiveyourselfapatontheback.____35____Psychologistshavefoundthatpeople’sapproachestodecision-makingtendtofitintooneoftwocategories.Youareeitheramaximiser—apersonwhostrivestomakeachoicethatwillgivethemthemaximumbenefitlateron—orasatisfier,whosechoicesaredeterminedbymoremodestcriteriaandnothingmore.Giventhatmaximiserstaskthemselveswithmakingthemostinformed,intelligentdecisions,wemightexpectthattheoutcomeoftheirapproachwouldbesuperior.Thisassumption,however,hasbeencontradictedbynumerousstudies.Studieshavefoundthatmaximisersareoftenlesseffectiveinadecision-makingenvironment.Theytendtoexhaustalloptionsinsearchoftheperfectchoice.____36____Settingunachievablegoalsmayitselfgetinthewayofmakinggooddecisions.____37____Theabundanceofalternativescanoverwhelmeventhemostdiligentdecision-makers.InTheParadoxofChoice,U.S.psychologistBarrySchwartzlookedattheproliferation(激增)ofchoicesthatareavailabletousinoureverydaylives.Hefoundthatanincreasedrangeofoptionsdoesnotnecessarilyleadtohighersatisfactionwiththeoutcomeofadecision.____38____Maximiserstendtoexperienceasenseof“buyer’sregret”followingadecision,doubtingwhetheritwascorrect,andimagininghowlifewouldhavebeenhadtheychosenadifferentpath.____39____Whileamaximisingapproachmightseemanoptimalapproachtodecision-making,ourenergymaybebetterspentsatisficingandappreciatingwhatwehave,ratherthanwhatwemighthavehad.A.Makeabaddecisionandyoucanbeleftwithfeelingsofregret.B.Weareoftenoverwhelmedbytheabundanceofchoicesweface.C.Asatisficerisusuallymuchmoreefficientandmentallylessburdened.D.Thisproblemisespeciallypronouncedinaworldwhereoptionsseemendless.E.Bycontrast,asatisficeracceptshischoiceasgoodenough,evenifit’snotthebest.F.Inotherwords,maximisersstruggletostopsearchingdespiteagoodenoughoption.G.Ifanything,choicemayinfactlimitourabilitytoenjoyandappreciatewhatwehave.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Withclimatechangeandrapidurbanization,manycitiesareattheseriousriskofflooding.Totacklethisproblem,Chineseresearchersfirstproposedthe“spongecity”concept—anurbanplanningstrategythatusesnaturetosustainablymanagewater,reducingrelianceonconcretepipesanddams.Howdospongecitieswork?Thesecitiescombinesustainabletechnologiesandfunctionallandscaping,includingpavementsthatallowwatertogodownintotheground;urbanparksandgreenspacesthatactasplacestoholdwaterduringheavyrainandasrecreationalzonesduringdryperiods;urbanwetlandsthatnaturallyfilterwaterandpromotebiodiversity;waterwaysandchannelsthatarelinkedtogethertoefficientlytransportandstorewater.Alltheseelementstransformtheurbanlandscapeintoa“sponge”capableofabsorbingandreleasingwateraccordingtoclimateconditions.Thebenefitsofthespongecityapproacharediverse.Beyonditsprimaryfunctionofreducingfloodriskandeasingpressureondrainagesystems,thisstrategysignificantlyenhancesurbanlivability.Howisthispossible?Itcreatesextensivegreenzonesthatexpandhealthypublicspacesforrecreation,improveairquality,andsupportincreasedurbanbiodiversity.Thisurbanplanningmodelhasachievedwidespreadinternationalrecognition.InChina,itwasofficiallyadoptedasanationwidepolicyin2014,withcitieslikeWuhanandBeijingleadingimplementationefforts.Followingdevastatingfloodsofa2011storm,thecityofCopenhagenlauncheditsownspongecitytransformationplan.Fundamentaltothestrategyaregreeninfrastructure(基础设施)elements,suchasredesignedparksthatserveasretentionbasinsduringheavyrains,alongwithblueinfrastructurelikethecity’sextensivecanalnetworktochannelandstoreexcesswater.Thespongecitystrategysignalsasmarterwayforwardincity-building:greener,moreresilient,andmatchedtotoday’senvironmentalchallenges.Atitscore,it’smorethanafixforclimatechaos—it’saninvestmentinthewell-beingoffuturegenerations.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthe“spongecity”conceptreferto?________________________________________________________________41.Whatarethebenefitsofthespongecityapproach?________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ThespongecitytransformationplanofCopenhageninvolvesbuildingnewparksandmakinguseofitscanalnetwork.________________________________________________________________43.Inadditiontowhatismentionedinthepassage,whatotherway(s)wouldyouproposetomakeyourcitymorelivable?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班即将举行主题为“驻足一角，感悟北京”的英语演讲活动，你打算参加。现在你需要准备一份演讲稿，分享自己的相关经历，内容包括：1.你的经历；2.你的感悟。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearall,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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