译林版九年级上册讲义1.9A培优第一讲 Unit 1 Know yourself（上）-学生版

自学资料2021年*月*日主题：Unit1Knowyourself（上）易错回顾单项选择1.LiHuawillhaveone-to-oneinterviewwithJackieChen,soheisalittlenervousaboutinterview. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;an D.the;a2.ItisbravethousandsofdoctorstosavepeoplefromCOVID-19.Sometimestheyrisklosingtheirlives. A.of B.to C.for D.from3.Theproblemsoflivinginthecityaresometimessimilartooflivinginthecountryside. A.this B.that C.these D.those4.Nationalpeople’sCongress(大会)inBeijingtodiscussaboutimportantissuesinMay,2020. A.takesplace B.washeld C.held D.happened5.—Excuseme,sir.Youturnoffyourmobilephone.Ourplanewilltakeoffsoon. —OK,Iwilldoitrightaway. A.will B.may C.can D.must6.Don’tsayyouhaven’tgotenoughtime.Youhavethesametimeeverydayasother students. A.exactly B.correctly C.recently D.especially7.—Whatisyourkeytosuccess? —IbelievethatnothingdifficultwillbeifIputmyheartintoit. A.bytheway B.inmyway C.ontheway D.withmyway8.—taskitistobeavolunteerhere! —Yes.Butitismeaningfultoworkwithsomanyothervolunteers. A.Whathard B.Howhard C.Whatahard D.Howahard9.Tenyearsagoshewasalittlegirl.Nowshehasafamousfilmstar. A.turneddown B.turnedoff C.turnedon D.turnedinto10. —Sir,I’mafraidyoucannottakephotoshere. —Sorry.Ididn’tknowtakingphotosisn’there. A.achieved B.avoided C.allowed D.accepted11. —Hi,Ling!IhearyouwillgotoItaly.Haveyoureadthetothecountry? —Yes.NowIknowItalyhasalonghistoryandmanyheritages(遗产).A.introduction B.instruction C.interview D.information12. Theboystreetswithoutpayintheolddays. A.wasmadeclean B.wasmadetoclean C.madetoclean D.madeclean13. Jackwrotetheanswerstopasstheexam.Poorthing! A.toocarelessly B.toocareless C.carelesslyenough D.carelessenough14. —Iwanttoloseweight,Ihavetogoonadiet. —Eatlessmeatanddomoreexercisesfromnowon.. A.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork. C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Everydoghasitsday.15. —Wouldyouhelpmecleanuptheclassroom,Jack?—. A.Yes,quiteright. B.That'sallright. C.Mypleasure. D.Withpleasure.兴趣起航Lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhatyouthinktheirpersonalitiesarelike?乐学善思➽PartOneWelcometotheunit【知识梳理1】Eddie,here'saninterestingarticleaboutpersonality.(P6)埃迪，这是一篇关于性格的有趣的文章。interesting是形容词，意为“有趣的”，既可以做定语，也可以做表语。常用来修饰事或物。interested也是形容词，意为“(某人)感兴趣的”，常用于修饰人。[注意]修饰人还是修饰物并不是绝对的。Eg.Heisaninterestingboy.他是一个有趣的男孩。Itisaninterestingbook.它是一本有趣的书。形容某种事物或是人很有趣，就用interesting。如果要表达某个人对另一项事物感兴趣，就用interested。Eg.Heisaninterestingboy.Iaminterestedinhim.他是一个有趣的男孩。我对他很感兴趣。[拓展]surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶的；frightening令人恐惧的，frightened受恐吓的；amazing令人吃惊的,amazed吃惊的;exciting令人激动的，excited感到激动的。[经典例题]1.Areyou________inthese_________storybooks.A.interested,interestingB.interested,interested.C.interesting,interestedD.interesting,interesting2.The__singermademe_____withhis_____song.(excite)[拓展]interest兴趣;关注have/showinterestinsb./sth.(表达此种含义时,常当作不可数名词使用或者只用作单数形式)Eg.Whenhewasveryyoung,Tanshowedaninterestinmusic.当谭盾小的时候就对音乐产生了兴趣。【知识梳理2】Itsayssomepeoplearegenerous.(P6)它（文章）说一些人很慷慨。句型“Itsays/reads...”表示“它上面说（写着／显示）。····”，后常接宾语从句或直接引语，表示说的内容。Eg.Thereportsaystherewillbeaheavyraintonight.报道说今晚有大雨。[经典例题]1.Theboardneartheriver“Nofishing.”A.WritesB.readsC.saysD.B&C2.It_______(say)hehasbeentherethreetimes.【知识梳理3】Itmakesthemfeelgoodtosharethingswithothers.(P6)与他人分享东西使他们感觉很好。1、本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语“tosharethingswithothers”。在英语中，不定式或不定式短语作主语时，可以直接位于句首。这句话本来应该是“Tosharethingswithothersmakesthemfeelgood.”但是英语中动词不定式短语“tosharethingswithothers”做主语放在句首，给你一种头重脚轻的感觉，外国人很忌讳头重脚轻的，所以为了解决这个问题，外国人选择了形式主语“it”代替这个动词不定式放在句首，（为什么用It而不用别的单词呢，我猜呢，人都是很懒的，外国人也不例外，所以外国人选了一个最短的代词）动词不定式放在最后面，这样整个句子就变成了：“Itmakesthemfeelgoodtosharethingswithothers.”类似的句式有：（1）It+is/was+adj./n.(形容词或名词）+todosth.Eg.Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.这样考虑问题是个好办法。Itwasfoolishofyoutoleaveschool.=Youwerefoolishtoleaveschool.你中途退学，真是傻瓜。It’scommonforleavestofallfromthetreesinthefall.秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。（2）It+v.+todosth.Eg.Ittookusthreeyearstocompletetheproject.我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。Itsoundsreasonabletodoitthisway.听起来这样做有道理。温馨提示（1）单个动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数Eg.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisdifficult.要学好一门外语是有难度的。（2）如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语，且并列的不定式语义一致或基本一致时，谓语动词用单数；如果不一致，谓语动词用复数Eg.Toloveandtobelovedissweettous.爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。[经典例题]1.Infact________isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it2、makesbdosth使某人做某事。此处do为省略to的不定式，在被动语态中to要还原出来，表示为bemadetodo.Eg.Nothingwillmakemechangemymind.什么也改变不了我的主意。[拓展]make的其它用法（1）makesb./sth.+adj.Eg.Wecanmakethiscountrygreatagain.我们可以使这个国家再次强大起来。（2）makesb./sth.+doneEg.CanyoumakeyourselfunderstoodinRussian?你能用俄语表达你的意思吗？（3）makesb./sth.+n.Eg.Wemakehimmonitorofourclass.我们选他做班长。（4）makesb./sth.+prep.Eg.Theymadethestoryintoaplay.[经典例题]1.Inthepast,theseworkersformorethan12hoursadaybytheboss.A.aremadeworkB.weremadeworkC.aremadetoworkD.weremadetowork2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_____________aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwell B.feelinggood C.feelwell D.feelgood3.Sheisgoodatteachingandtriesherbesttomakeeverylesson_________(生动的）andinteresting.4.Thesadnewsmadeallofus_______(happy).3、share...with与某人分享Eg.Ihavesomeverysadnewstosharewithallofyou.我有一些十分令人悲痛的消息和你们分享。【知识梳理4】Yeah,Iagree.是的，我同意。1、agree(withsb)(about/onsth)agree(withsth)同意；赞成2、agreevt.（1）=decide:todecidewithsbelsetodosthortohavesth商定；约定Eg.Theymetattheagreedtime.他们在约定的时间见面了。Canweagreeaprice?我们可不可以商定一个价格？（2）=accept:toofficiallyacceptaplan,request,etc.批准，认可（计划、要求等）Eg.Nextyear'sbudgethasbeenagreed.明年的预算已获批准。[拓展]agreementn.同意，一致，协议。Eg.Theteacherkeptnoddinginagreement.老师不断点头表示同意。【知识梳理5】Hobo,you'veeatenupmybreakfast!(P6)霍波，你吃光了我的早饭！eatup意为“吃光，吃完”，它是“动词＋副词”构成的动词短语，当接名词作宾语时，名词可位于副词up的后面，也可位于up之前；但当接代词作宾语时，代词只能位于动词eat与副词up之间。Eg.Wewerealwaysaskedtoeatourvegetablesup.=Wewerealwaysaskedtoeatupourvegetables.我们总是被要求吃光我们的蔬菜。She'smadeabigcakeandwantsustohelpeatitup.她做了一个大蛋糕，想要我们帮忙吃完它。[经典例题]1.PresidentXiJinpingcallsonChinesepeopletoallthefoodeachmeal.A.eatupB.useupC.pickupD.cutup➽PartTwoWelcometotheunit【知识梳理1】Suzyiswellorganized.Shekeepsallherthingsingoodorder.(P7)苏西很有条理。她将自己所有的东西都整理得有条不紊。1、organized形容词，意为“有条理的，有效率的”。Eg.Thesepeopleareveryefficient,veryorganized,andexcellenttimemanagers.这些人效率很高、很有条理，时间安排得非常好。[拓展]（1）organize用作动词，意为“组织；安排”。Eg.Intheend,wealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.最后，我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。（2）organization名词，意为“组织，机构”。Eg.Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyvoluntaryorganizations.给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。[经典例题]翻译句子1.Mike做事很有条理，从来不会忘记要做的事。v___________________________________________________2、keep的用法（1）keepsb./sth.+形容词Eg.Youshouldkeepyourbedroomcleanandtidy.（2）keepsb./sth.+副词Eg.Whathaskeptyouawayforalongtime.（3）keepsb./sth.+doingEg.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.[经典例题]1.Mumtoldmetokeepmyownroomin__________(顺序).2.Mr.Smithalwaysmakeshisclass__________andkeepshisstudents____________inclass.Aalive;interestingBlively;interestingCalive;interestedDlively;interested3.I’msorrytokeepyou___________(wait)formeforsolong.4.Don’t’worry.Yourbag__________(keep)hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyyourself.3、order名词，意为“顺序；秩序”。Eg.Asdarknessfell,Clintongaveordersforhismentorest.夜幕降临时，克林顿下命令让自己的人休息。[拓展]反义短语：outoforder次序颠倒，不按顺序[拓展]order用作动词，意为“命令；订购”。Eg.Williamsorderedhimtoleave.威廉斯命令他离开。Thewaitressappeared."Areyoureadytoorder?"女服务员走了过来，“你们准备好点菜了吗？[经典例题]1.—MrsBlackisanorganizedhousewife.—That’sright.Everythinginherhouseisalways__________.A.inorder B.outoforderC.introubleD.intheway2.Tomaketheroomtidy,mymotherasksmetokeepeverythingin________.【知识梳理2】Danielisveryclever,butheismodestandnevershowsoff.(p7)丹尼尔很聪明，但他很很谦虚并且不炫耀。1、modest形容词，意为“谦虚的，谦逊的；适度的；端庄的；羞怯的”。Eg.He'smodest,aswellasbeingagreatplayer.他是一个谦虚而且出色的运动员。[拓展]modesty名词，意为“谦逊；质朴；稳重”。Eg.Heacceptedtheawardwithmodesty.他以谦逊的态度接受了奖励。2、showoff后面接名词、代词或从句，在接代词时，代词放在show和off之间。Eg.Hedrovehisnewcartoschooltoshowitofftohisworkmates.他开着新车去学校向他的同事们炫耀。[拓展]show的其它常用短语showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.给某人看某物，向某人展示showsb.around/roundsp.带领某人参观某地showup出现、露面[经典例题]1.Danielisverymodest.Henever_________beforehisfriends.A.showsoff B.showsup C.turnsoff D.turnson2.Theboyisclever,buthenever_______.A.tellsalie B.showsoff C.givesupD.putsoff3.Weallknowhowwonderfulyouare.Thereisnoneedto__________.A.showoffB.giveupC.takecareD.carryon【知识梳理3】MrWuispatientenoughtorepeatgrammarrulesforus.(P7)吴老师有足够的耐心给我们重复语法规则。1、我们用“形容词＋enough+todosth”这一句型来描述一个人的个性或能力以及事物的特点。Eg.It'swarmenoughtoswim.天气暖和得可以游泳了。这个句型可以用“so/such...that...如此·····以至于······”句型来改写。Eg.Itissowarmthatwecanswim.Heisstrongenoughtocarrythebox.=Heissostrongthathecancarrythebox.=Heissuchastrongmanthathecancarrythebox.他很强壮能搬这个盒子。[注意]两个句型之间的区别在于，“形容词＋enough+todosth”这一句型中的to是不定式符号，后面加动词原形构成不定式，而“so/such...that...如此·····以至于······”句型后面的that是连词，后面是一个句子，that后面是句子的主语，一般是名词短语或者代词。[经典例题]他不够细心，不能做这项工作。(1)Heisdothework.(2)Heis__________dothework.(3)Heishecan'tdothework.(4)Heishecan'tdothework.2、enough既可以作副词也可以作形容词，位置：名前形后。[经典例题]1.---Mary,IgottheofferfromtheTsinghuaUniversity.---Really?Itjustsounds__________tobetrue.A.sowellB.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell2.Heis_______toexplainittomethreetimes.A.patientenough B.impatientenoughC.enoughpatientD.enoughimpatient【知识梳理4】Heoftencomesupwithnewideas.(P7)他经常想出新主意。comeupwith意为“想出；提出（方案、方法等）”，后接名词、代词作宾语。Eg.Michaelcameupwithanewplaninjustafewminutes.Michael很快想出了一个好计划[拓展]同义短语thinkof想出，想起。[经典例题]1.你要想出点其他点子。You'll______________________________somethingelse.You'll____________________somethingelse.2.Scientistsfromdifferentcountriesaretryingto__________agoodwaytosolvetheenergyproblem.A.keepupwithB.comeupwithC.catchupwithD.meetupwith3.It’screative_______you_______thisgoodidea.A.of;tocomeupwith B.for;tocomeupwith C.of;thinkofD.for;tothinkof4.Useyourheadandyou__________(come)upwithmorenewideas.【知识梳理5】Billyiscuriousabouteverything.(P7)比利对一切都好奇。curious形容词，意为“好奇的；稀奇古怪的”。Eg.Itwascuriousthatshedidn'ttellanyone.她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。[拓展]常用短语becuriousaboutsth;becurioustodosthEg.StevewasintenselycuriousabouttheworldIcamefrom.史蒂夫对我是从哪里来的有强烈的好奇心。Iwascurioustofindoutwhatshehadsaid.我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。[拓展]curiously副词，意为“好奇地；稀奇古怪地”。Eg.Hisclotheswerecuriouslyold-fashioned.他的衣服式样陈旧古怪。【知识梳理6】NeithermyparentsnorIthinkIcanmakeagoodaccountant.(p7)我的父母和我都认为我不能成为一名好会计。1、neither（1）用作副词，意为“也不”。常用结构为：neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词十主语，意为“·····也不”。Eg.Ihadn'tbeentoNewYorkbeforeandneitherhadJane.我以前没有去过纽约，简也没去过。Ifyoucan'taffordacomputerorcellphone,thenneithercanyourchild.如果你买不起一个计算机或者手机，那么你的孩子也买不起。[经典例题]1.---Whatlanguageisthatguyspeaking?Icanhardlycatchasingleword!---.He'sfromIndia,soIguessitisHindi.A.NeitherIcanB.NeithercanIC.SoIcanD.SocanI（2）neither用作代词，意为“两者都不”，常用结构为：neitherof+代词或名词复数。此结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either也有相似用法，表示“（两者中）任何一个”。Eg.Neitherofthemhasacar.他们两个都没有汽车。[经典例题]1.---MikeandTony,pleasetellmesomethingabouttheGreatWall.---Sorry,________ofushaseverbeenthere.A.BothB.NeitherC.EitherD.All（3）用作形容词，意为“两者没有一个，两者都不的”，表示全部否定，与单数名词连用。Eg.Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不对。（4）用作连词，常和nor连用，构成“neither...nor...”结构，意为“既不······也不······”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语词与靠近它的主语一致。Eg.NeitheryounorIamright.你和我都不对。[经典例题]完成句子1.自从上个月以来，我和他都没有看到电影了。__________________________________________________seenamoviesincelastmonth.2、nor（1）用作副词，意为“也不”。Eg.Shedoesn'tlikethemandnordoesJeff.她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。（2）nor常和neither连用，连接有对等关系的名词、形容词、动词短语等Eg.Sheseemedneithersurprisednorworried.她似乎既不惊讶也不担心。[经典例题]1.---HowdoesyourmotherlikeyourpresentsforMother'sDay?---Well,_________thissweater________thatoneisfitforher.They'retoobig.A.both；and B.either;or C.neither;nor D.notonly;butalso2.Footballisapopularsport.________myfather_________mymotherisinterestedinwatchingfootballmatches.A.Notonly;butalso B.Neither;norC.Both;and D.Either;or3.---Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeorabottleofjuice?---________.I’dlikesomemilk.A.Either B.Both C.None D.Neither4.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher___________thewaytoNanjingLibrary.A.knowB.knowsC.don'tknowD.doesn'tknow5.---Haveyouaskedthetwinstoanswerallthequestions?---Yes,but______couldbeansweredcorrectly.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.all6.---WhichofthetwoT-shirtswillyoutake?---I’lltake________.Oneisformybrotherandtheotherisformyself.A.eitherB.bothC.allD.neither7.Hisparentsarebothteachers,but_______（两者都不）ofthemteachesinourschool.8.NeitherKatenorhercousin_____toRussia,but_____ofthemhaveknownthecountryverywell.A.havebeen;neitherB.havegone;eitherC.hasbeen;bothD.hasgone;both【知识梳理7】It'sterribleformetoworkwithoutspeakingalldaylong.(P7)对我来说整天工作而不讲话是可怕的1、Itisadi.forsbtodosth意为“对某人来说做采事是”····的”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。[经典例题]1.It'snotpolite________Simontoshoutatothers.It'sverynecessary________himtolearntobepolite.A.of;of B.for;for C.of;for D.for;of2.It’sverykind________youtohelpme________myEnglish.A.of;onB.of;with C.for;with D.of;of3.---It'sniceofyoutotellmethewaytothemuseum.---________________.AItdoesn'tmatterBNevermindCThankyouDIt'smypleasure4.It’sterribleforme_________(walk)aloneinthedark.2、without介词，意为“没有，无；如果没有”，后接名词、代词、名词性短语或动词－ing形式。[经典例题]1.Themotherwaitedforaverylongtimewithout_________(get)angry.2.Hecandoitwithout________(difficult).3.Youwillmakeyourselfgetintotroublewithout_____________(control)yourfeelingswell.➽PartThreeReading【知识梳理1】“WuWeiisabornartist,”saidhisbestfriend.(P8)“吴伟是天生的艺术家，”他最好的朋友说。born形容词，意为“天生的”。Jackwasabornteacher.

杰克是个天生的教师。[拓展]beborn，“出生”。Eg.Shewasbornwithaweakheart.她生来就有一个衰弱的心脏。[拓展]beborntodosth，“注定会成为；注定要做”。Eg.Hewasborntobeagreatcomposer.他是个天生的伟大作曲家。[经典例题]1.李小龙就是一个天生的武术家。BruceLeewas______________________________.【知识梳理2】WuWei,theyoungartist,hasimpressedthewholecountrywithhiscreativework.(P8)吴伟，这位年轻的艺术家用充满创意的作品给全国人民留下深刻的印象。impress及物动词，意为“给人印象”。Eg.Whatimpressedhimmostwastheirspeed.最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。[拓展]（1）press及物动词，意为“压；按；”。Eg.Shepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.她把脸贴在窗子上。（2）express及物动词，意为“表示；表达；表露”。Eg.Teachershaveexpressedconcernaboutthechanges.教师对这些变化表示忧虑。（3）expression名词，意为“表示；表达；表露”。Eg.Herexpressionshowedherdisappointment.从她的表情可以看出她很失望。（4）depressed形容词，意为“抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的”。Eg.Shefeltverydepressedaboutthefuture.她感到前途无望。（5）pressure名词，意为“压力；压迫；压强”。air/waterpressure空气╱水的压力Eg.Hedidn'tputanypressureonher.他并没有给她施加任何压力。[经典例题]用impress,press,express,depress的适当形式填空。1.Wordscannot__________howpleasedIam.2.Herhealthbrokedownunderthe__________ofwork.3.She'snotvery__________withthem.她对他们没有什么印象。4.Icouldtellhewasangryfromhis__________.5.Somepatientsmaybecomevery__________.6.Mike__________abuttonandthedoorclosed.[经典例题]翻译句子1.他的谦虚给我们留下了深刻的印象。___________________________________________【知识梳理3】HissculpturesforSunshineTownSquarehavewonhighpraisefromtheartcommunity.(P8)他为阳光镇广场而刻的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。praise在这里是名词，意为“赞扬、表扬”，是不可数名词。Eg.Histeachersarefullofpraisefortheprogresshe'smaking.老师们对他的进步赞不绝口。[拓展]praise还可以做动词，意为“赞扬、表扬”。Eg.Hepraisedhisteamfortheirperformance.他称赞了各队员的表现。[拓展]entertainmentcommunity娱乐界[经典例题]1.该队还因其良好的体育精神及公平竞争精神而受到了表扬。Theteamalso______________________________sportsmanshipandfairplay.【知识梳理4】SuNinggaveupherjobasanaccountantfiveyearsago.(P8)苏宁在五年前放弃了她的会计工作.giveup意为“放弃”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。[注意]如果接代词，代词要放中间。Eg.Igaveupsmokingformyhealth.我为了健康把烟戒掉了。Giveitup!Iwon’thelpyoucheatintheexam.你死了这条心吧！我不会在考试时帮你作弊的。[经典例题]1.[2019•贵州省安顺市]---Idon'tthinkteachersshouldgivetoomuchhomeworkto_______thefreetimeofstudents.---Exactly!A.giveupB.takeupC.lookupD.putup2.[2019•甘肃省天水市]Don'ttoday'sworkfortomorrow．Today'sworkmustbedonetoday．A.putup B.putout C.putoff D.giveup3.[2019•海南省]Familiesusually______newpicturesofflowersorfishbeforeSpringFestival．A.giveup B.putup C.setupD.lookup【知识梳理5】Lifeislikearace.Youeithertaketheleadorfallbehind.(P8)她说：人生就像一场赛跑，你要么领先，要么落后。1、race名词，意为“赛跑；竞赛”，是可数名词。Eg.Theirhorsecamethirdintheracelastyear.他们的马在去年的比赛中获得了第三名。[辨析]（1）race主要指赛跑、竞走一类的（比速度的体育竞赛）afive-kilometrerace五公里赛（2）match常指足球、篮球、棒球等的比赛afootballmatch

足球比赛（3）competition表示“竞赛”,侧重有“竞争”的意思,既可以是体育的,也可以是其他方面的amusic/photocompetition音乐、摄影比赛（4）game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；主要指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则，凡参加者均须遵守。cardgames纸牌游戏2、either（1）用作副词，意为“也（不）”，通常用在否定句末尾。Eg.Ididn'tgetthejob.Shedidn'tgetthejob,either.我没有得到那份工作，她也没有得到那份工作。（2）用作代词，意为“（两者之中）任何一方”，后常与of连用。Eg.Therearenosimpleanswerstoeitherofthosequestions.对那两个问题哪一个都没有简单的答案。（3）用作形容词，意为“（两者中）任一的；（两者中）每一方的”，后接可数名词单数。Eg.Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.这条街两边都可停车。（4）either...or...是并列连词，意为“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”，在句中要连接同等的句子成分。注意：连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语保持一致。Eg.Eithermomordadwillpickyouup.不是妈妈就是爸爸来接你。Eitheryouorsheisateacher.要么你要么她是一位老师。[经典例题]1.---Whichwouldyoulike,acupofcoffeeorabottleoforange,Jane?---_________.I’djustlikeacupoftea.A.Either B.BothC.NoneD.Neither2.Youcan’thavebothofthem.Youcanchoose______thekite________thetoycar.Aeither;orB.neither;norC.both;andD.not;only3、takethelead处于领先地位Eg.Noweverybodysing!I'lltakethelead.现在大家唱歌，我起头。4、fallbehind落后Eg.Modestyhelpsonegoforwardwhilepridemakesonefallbehind.谦虚使人前进，骄傲让人落后。[经典例题]1.Ifelt__________yesterdayevening,andthenIfell__________quickly.A.sleeping,asleepB.asleep,sleepyC.sleepy,asleepD.sleep,sleepy2.Allthestudentshopeto_________intheirstudy,butitneeds__________.A.takethelead,hard-workingB.fallbehind,workhardC.fallbehind,workinghardD.takethelead,hardwork【知识梳理6】LiuHaoisthechiefengineerofthehigh-speedrailwayconnectingSunshineTowntoTianjin.(P9)刘浩是一名高铁总工程师。他参与建设的高铁项目是连接阳光小镇与天津。connectv.用作及物动词，常用于“connectAwith/toB”结构。Eg.YoucanconnectthespeakerstoyourCDplayer.你可以将这些扬声器与你的激光唱机连接起来。Apedestrianbridgenowconnectstheparkinggaragewiththemall.=Theparkinggarageisnowconnectedwiththemallbyapedestrianbridge.现在一座人行桥连通车库和购物中心。[经典例题]1.---Ifyoualways______yourselfwithothers,youmayhavetonsofpressure.---Iagree.Weshouldbelieveinourselves.A.connect B.complainC.compare D.consider2.TherailwayQinghaitoTibetisthelongestplateau(高原)railwayintheworld.A.connected B.connects C.connecting D.isconnected【知识梳理7】Tous,amissisasgoodasamile.(P9)对我们来说，失之毫厘，谬以千里。1、miss可数名词，意为“错误，过失”Eg.Snowmadehisfirstbasketofthegameaftereightmisses.斯诺在8次投球不中后，投进了他本场比赛的第一个球。2、asgoodas意为“和……几乎一样，简直是”。Eg.I'vehadyourcoatcleaned—it'sasgoodasnewnow.你的外套洗好了—像新的一样。[拓展]aswellas意为“也；和…一样；不但…而且”。Eg.Hemakesshoesaswellasclothes.他既做鞋，也做衣服。[拓展]aslongas意为“只要；和…一样长”。Eg.Youcanphonemeatworkaslongasyoudon'tmakeahabitofit.你可以在上班时给我打电话，只要你别让这成为习惯就行。[拓展]assoonas意为“一…就…”。Eg.IfeltfreefromthecaresofthedayassoonasIleftthebuilding.我一离开那栋大楼便觉得轻松自在，不再为那天的事烦心了。[经典例题]1.Mycousinwearshisglasseseveryday.Withouthisglasses,heis________theblind.A.aslongasB.aswellasC.asbadasD.asgoodas2.[2019•四川省眉山市]---Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis,please?---Ofcourse.Wecanbuyonethanthis,butit.A.abetter;betterthan B.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodas D.amoreimportant;notasgoodas3.[2019•甘肃省天水市]---Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmentinyourhometown？---It'sBoththeairandthewaterarebadlypolluted．A.notbad B.asgoodasbefore C.muchbetterthanbefore D.notasgoodasbefore4.[2019•山东省青岛市]Friendsarelikebooks.Youdon’tneedalotofthem_________theyaregood.A.or B.and C.aslongasD.assoonas5.[2019•甘肃省兰州市]TomwatchedtheWorldCup__________11:30lastnight.A.when B.unless C.until D.assoonas【知识梳理8】Wecan'taffordtomakeanymistakes.(P9)我们承担不起任何错误.1、afford意为“买得起”（1）后面加名词或代词Eg.Canweaffordanewcar?我们买得起一辆新车吗？（2）后面加不定式。Eg.Soonthevillagerscouldn'taffordtobuyfoodforthemselves.很快村民们就买不起吃的东西了。[经典例题]1.Asastudent,Ican’taffordanewmobilephone.A.buy B.buying C.tobuyD.bought2.Mostchildreninpoorareacan’t______theireducation.weshouldthinkabout _________tohelpthem.A.afford;howwecando B.pay;howcanwedo C.payfor;whatcanwedo D.afford;whatwecando2、mistake是可数名词，意为“错误；误会；过失”。makeamistakeinsth./doing，意为“在某方面犯了一个错误”。Eg.Imadeasimilarmistakeineducation.在教育方面我也犯了类似的错误。Inmyview,theymadeahugemistakeinnotsellingthecompanywhentheyhadthechance.从我看来，当有机会卖掉公司的时候他们没有卖，这是个巨大的错误。[拓展]bymistake错误地Eg.Didyouknowthatpotatochipswereinventedbymistake?你知道薯条是因为错误而发明出来的吗？【知识梳理9】Allofusknowthatit'snecessarytopayattentiontoeverydetail.(P9)我们所有人都知道注意每个细节很有必要。attention是不可数名词，意为“注意；专心”，其前可用little，alittle，more，much等形容词修饰。payattentionto,“注意”，这里的to是介词，后接名词/动名词/代词(宾格)。Eg.Everyoneshouldpayattentiontoexercise.每个人都要注意锻炼身体。Ifyouwanttodrawattention,turnonthelights.如果你想引起注意，就开灯。[拓展]（1）tentn.帐篷；住处；帷幕Eg.Weputupatentnearalake.我在湖旁搭起了帐蓬。（2）attendvt.出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴Eg.Weweremadetoattendmeetingseveryday.我们每天都被迫参加会议。（3）extendvt.延伸；扩大；Eg.Thereareplanstoextendtheno-smokingarea.现已有扩大无烟区的计划。（4）intendvt.打算；想要；意指Eg.Iintendtorewritethestoryforyoungerchildren.我想为年纪更小的孩子改写这篇故事。（5）pretendvi.假装，伪装，佯装Eg.Youcannotpretendthere'snoevilintheworld.你不能睁着眼睛瞎说世界上没有罪恶。[经典例题]1.Trafficrulesshouldbe______trafficaccidents.A.paidattentiontoavoidB.paidattentiontotoavoidC.paidattentiontoavoidingD.paidattentiontotoavoiding2.Youwon'tdowellinEnglishifyourspelling_______________.A.won'tbepaidattention B.isn'tpaidattentiontoC.doesn'tpayattentionto D.isn'tpaidattention3.Hisexcellentperformancebroughthimtotheofthegreatdirector.A.informationB.operationC.attentionD.invention4.Youwillhavenodifficulty_______theproblemifyou_______it.A.solving;paymuchattentionto B.with;paymuchattentionforC.tosolve:paymuchattentionto D.solving;paymuchattentionfor5.---I’mafraidofspeakinginfrontofthewholeclassbecauseofmypoor_________.---You’dbetterpracticespeakingmore.A.pronunciation B.attention C.celebration D.position【知识梳理10】Healwaysworkstohighstandards,buthe'smodestandeasytoworkwith.(P9)他总是高标准要求工作，但是他也很谦虚，容易共事。这里的不定式toworkwith，用来修饰形容词modestandeasy，作状语。形容词反映人们对主语的“评论”。Eg.This water is good to drink.This book is interesting to read.Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.[注意]不定式和主语有动宾关系:drinkwater;如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面一定要带介词，如课文中的workwithhim[经典例题]1.Millieisquietandmodestandeasy________.A.toworkB.workwithC.toworkwithD.toworkwithher2.---Inmyopinion,animalsshouldn’tbekeptforfun.---Ithinkso.Forestsarethebestplacesforanimals_________.A.live B.living C.tolive D.tolivein【知识梳理11】Asadoctor,youcan'tbetoocareful.(P9)作为医生，她再仔细也不过分。句中can’t...too...是常用表达，意思是“无论怎样……也不为过……”Eg.Chun,youarethegiftfromGod,itcan'tbetoomuchtoloveyou.春春，你是上帝给我们的礼物，再怎么爱你都不过分。[经典例题]1.Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent;________;Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.A.asaresultB.inawordC.bythewayD.onthecontrary2.We_______________betoocarefulwhendrivingacar.A.shouldn't B.mustn't C.can't D.needn't【知识梳理12】Carelessnesswillbeadisasternotonlytoourselvesbutalsotopatients.(P9)因