二十六　选择性必修 第三册　Units 2、3

二十六选择性必修第三册Units2、3(20分钟20分)阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)A(2025·广西名校联合调研)Iwasateenagerwhenitfirsthappened.Itwastheearlyhoursofthemorning,stillsomehoursbeforeIhadtogetoutofbedforschool.Iwokeupandtriedtoturnoverinbed,butmybodywouldn’tletme—Iwasunabletomove,fromheadtotoe.Althoughmybrainwasconscious,mymuscleswerestillasleep.Mybedroomfelthotandrestrictive,asifthewallswereclosingin,andIfeltwrappedandpanicked.Finally,afterabout15seconds,theparalysislifted.Later,Ifoundanameforwhathadhappenedtome:sleepparalysis(睡眠瘫痪症).It’sasurprisinglycommonconditioninwhichpartofourbrainwakesupwhileourbodyremainstemporarilyfrozen.Atnight,ourbodycyclesthroughfourstagesofsleep.Thefinalstageiscalledrapideyemovementsleep,orREM,auniquephaseofsleepwhenwedream.DuringREM,ourbrainparalyzesourmuscles,probablytostopusphysicallyactingoutourdreamsandhurtingourselves.Althoughscientistsaren’tstillsurewhythesensorypartofourbrainemergesfromREMaheadoftime,whichmakesusfeelawake,doctorssayparalysisismorelikelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern.Somesufferersalsofindthatithappenstothemmoreoftenwhentheyaresleepingontheirbacks,thoughtheexplanationforthisisunclear.Afterthatinitialscaryincident,itwentontobecomeafrequentoccurrenceinmylife,withanepisodetakingplaceeverytwoorthreenights.Themoreithappened,thelessfrighteningitbecameformeuntiliteventuallybecamelittlemorethananinconvenience.Butsleepparalysiscanbefarmorelife-affecting.Theconditionwouldcomewithextremelyfrighteninghallucinations,whicharealsonormallythemostdramaticandunforgettableepisodesoftheirsleepparalysis.Peoplehallucinatestrangespecies,devils,ghosts,andeventhreateningaliens.【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我(睡眠瘫痪症)语篇内容文章主要解释了什么是睡眠瘫痪症,其发生的原因和对生活产生的影响语篇结构Para.1Asateenager,Iwasunabletomove,fromheadtotoe.Para.2Later,Ifoundanameforwhathadhappenedtome:sleepPara.lysis.Para.3DuringREM,ourbrainparalyzesourmuscles,probablytostopusphysicallyactingoutourdreamsandhurtingourselves.Para.4Doctorssayparalysisismorelikelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern.Para.5Afterthatinitialscaryincident,itwentontobecomeafrequentoccurrenceinmylife.Para.6Butsleepparalysiscanbefarmorelife-affecting.【命题意图】1.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhensleepparalysisoccurred?此题设置是把信息定位到第二段,本段主要讲述了作者经历的一次睡眠瘫痪。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,从第二段中推断出作者在睡眠瘫痪发生时的感受。本题旨在考查考生根据文章所提供的信息进行推理的能力。2.WhydoesthebrainprobablyparalyzeourmusclesduringREM?此题设置是把信息定位到第三段,本段主要讲述了我们晚上经历的快速眼动睡眠的特征。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,推断出大脑会在快速眼动期间麻痹我们的肌肉的原因。本题旨在考查考生根据所读内容对句际之间逻辑联系的理解能力。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hallucinations”inParagraph6referto?此题设置是把信息定位到第六段,本段主要讲述了睡眠瘫痪对生活的不良影响。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,推断出“hallucinations”在特定语境中的具体含义。题目设计旨在考查考查根据上下文及生活常识理解、猜测词汇意义的能力。4.Whichaspectofsleepparalysiswillmostlikelybecoveredinthefollowing

paragraph?此题设置是把信息定位到第六段,本段主要讲述了睡眠瘫痪对生活的不良影响。本题要求考生根据对文章信息的理解,推断文章接下来有可能的续写内容。本题主要考查考生根据所读内容以及基于对文章的理解,推断文章后续发展的能力。1.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhensleepparalysisoccurred?A.Weakandtired.

B.Scaredandtrapped.C.Dizzyandrestricted.D.Angryandimpatient.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Mybedroomfelthotandrestrictive,asifthewallswereclosingin,andIfeltwrappedandpanicked.Finally,afterabout15seconds,theparalysislifted.”可知,当睡眠瘫痪发生时,作者感到害怕并被困住。故选B。2.WhydoesthebrainprobablyparalyzeourmusclesduringREM?A.Topromoterelaxation.B.Toboostbloodcirculation.C.Toenhancemusclestrength.D.Topreventphysicalinjuries.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“DuringREM,ourbrainparalyzesourmuscles,probablytostopusphysicallyactingoutourdreamsandhurtingourselves.”可知,大脑在快速眼动期间麻痹我们的肌肉是为了防止身体伤害。故选D。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hallucinations”inParagraph6referto?A.Visionsofsomethingunreal.B.Scenesofterribleaccidents.C.Picturesofeverydayobjects.D.Memoriesofdailyexperiences.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Peoplehallucinatestrangespecies,devils,ghosts,andeventhreateningaliens.”可知,睡眠瘫痪会让人产生幻象。故画线词意为“幻象”。故选A。4.Whichaspectofsleepparalysiswillmostlikelybecoveredinthefollowingparagraph?A.Itshealthbenefits.B.Itspossiblecauses.C.Itseffectiveprevention.D.Itscommonsymptoms.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,最后一段提到了睡眠瘫痪对生活的不良影响,推测下一段最可能涉及睡眠瘫痪的有效预防。故选C。【阅读障碍】

【词汇积累】restrictive

adj.限制(性)的,约束(性)的paralyze vt.使麻痹;使瘫痪life-affecting adj.影响生活的hallucination n.幻觉,幻想;错觉hallucinate vt.使产生幻觉【长难句分析】Althoughscientistsaren’tstillsurewhythesensorypartofourbrainemergesfromREMaheadoftime,whichmakesusfeelawake,doctorssayparalysisismorelikelytooccurwhenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern.分析:本句是主从复合句,其中,主句是doctorssay...sleeppattern;Althoughscientistsaren’tstillsure是Although引导的让步状语从句;whythesensorypartofourbrainemergesfromREMaheadoftime是why引导的宾语从句;whichmakesusfeelawake是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代thesensorypartofourbrainemergesfromREMaheadoftime;whenwefailtofollowournormalsleeppattern是when引导的时间状语从句。翻译:虽然科学家们仍然不确定为什么我们大脑的感觉部分会在快速眼动中提前出现,这让我们感到清醒,但医生们说,当我们不能遵循正常的睡眠模式时,更有可能发生瘫痪。B(2025·山东新高考联合质量测评)Switchingfoodanddrinkpurchasestoverysimilarbutmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativescouldreducethegreenhousegasemissionsfromhouseholdgroceriesbymorethanaquarter(26%),accordingtoanewAustralianstudyfromTheGeorgeInstitutepublishedinNature

Food.Makingbiggerchanges—likeswappingafrozenmeatlasagne(宽面条)forthevegetarianoption—couldpushthereductiontoasmuchas71%.LeadauthorDrAllisonGainessaid,“Dietaryhabitsneedtochangesignificantlyifwearetomeetglobalemissionstargets,particularlyinhigh-incomecountrieslikeAustralia,theUK,andtheUS.”Butwhileconsumersareincreasinglyawareoftheenvironmentalimpactofthefoodsystem,theylackreliableinformationtoidentifythemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.Researcherscalculatedtheprojectedemissionsofannualgrocerypurchasesfrom7,000AustralianhouseholdsinTheGeorgeInstitute’sFoodSwitchdatabaseandglobalenvironmentalimpactdatasets.Morethan22,000productswereassignedtomajor,minorandsub-categoriesoffoods(e.g.‘breadandbakery’‘bread’and‘whitebread’,respectively)toquantifyemissionssavedbyswitchingbothwithinandbetweengroups.Makingswitcheswithinthesamesub-categoriesoffoodscouldleadtoemissionreductionsof26%inAustralia,equivalenttotakingover1.9millioncarsofftheroad.Switcheswithinminorcategoriesoffoodscouldleadtoevenbiggeremissionreductionsof71%.Theresultsofthestudyshowthepotentialtosignificantlyreduceourenvironmentalimpactbyswitchinglike-for-likeproducts.“Itshowedthatyoucanswitchtoloweremissionsproductswhilestillenjoyingnutritiousfoods,”DrGainesadded.Afreeapp,calledecoSwitch,hasbeendevelopedcurrentlyavailableinAustralia,basedonthisresearch.Shopperscanusetheirdevicetoscanaproductbarcodeandcheckits‘PlanetaryHealthRating’,ameasureofitsemissionsshownasascorebetweenhalfastar(highemissions)tofivestars(lowemissions).“WhileecoSwitchisamuch-neededfirststepinprovidingenvironmentaltransparency(透明度)forgroceryshoppers,thevisionisforcompulsivedisplayofasingle,standardisedsustainabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts,”concludedprofNeal,ProfessorofClinicalEpidemiologyatImperialCollegeLondon.【语篇属性】语篇类型新闻报道主题语境人与社会(更环保的食品和饮料替代品)语篇内容文章报道了一项新的澳大利亚研究,该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放语篇结构Para.1Eco-friendlyfoodanddrinkreduceemissions.Para.2Consumerslackinformationoneco-friendlyoptions.Para.3Researcherscalculatedemissionreductionsfromfoodswitches.Para.4Thestudyshowsbenefitsoflower-emissionproducts.Para.5EcoSwitchappinAustraliashowsproducts’emissionratings.Para.6ProfNealenvisionsstandardisedsustainabilityratingsystemonallsupermarketproducts.5.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbylistingnumbersinParagraph1?A.Theimpactoffoodindustry.B.Theneedofchangingdailydiet.C.Thestatusofenvironmentalproblems.D.Theinfluencingfactorsofgasemissions.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段“乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新的澳大利亚研究,将食品和饮料的购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品,可以将家庭杂货的温室气体排放量减少四分之一以上(26%)。做出更大的改变——比如把冷冻肉千层面换成素食——可能会使碳排放减少多达71%。”可知,作者在第一段列举数字是想说明改变日常饮食的需要。故选B项。6.Whydoresearchersmakeadetailedclassificationforproducts?A.Tosetupacomprehensivedatabase.B.Tofigureoutthedetailedfoodcategories.C.Toidentifyemissionsreducedbyswitchingfood.D.Toensurelessairpollutioncausedbyfoodoptions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“超过22000种产品被分配到食品的主要、