英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇

英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇

语法项目表

1.名词

（1）可数名词及其单复数

（2）不可数名词

（3）专有名词

（4）名词所有格

2.代词

（1）人称代词

（2）物主代词

（3）反身代词

（4）指示代词

（5）不定代词

（6）疑问代词

3.数词

（1）基数词

（2）序数词

4.介词和介词短语

5.连词

6.形容词（比较级和最高级）

7.副词（比较级和最高级）

8.冠词

9.动词

（1）动词的基本形式

（2）系动词

（3）及物动词和不及物动词

（4）助动词

（5）情态动词

10.时态

（1）现在进行时

（2）一般现在时

（3）一般过去时

（4）一般将来时

（5）过去进行时

（6）现在完成时

11.被动语态

12.非谓语动词：动词不定式

13.构词法

（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写

14.句子种类

（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）

（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句

（3）祈使句

（4）感叹句

15.句子成分

（1）主语

（2）谓语（主谓一致）

（3）表语

（4）宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）

（5）定语

（6）状语

16.简单句的基本句型

（1）主语+系动词+表语

（2）主语+不及物动词

（3）主语+及物动词+宾语

（4）主语+及物动词+间演宾语+直接宾语

（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

（6）therebe句型

17.并列复合句

18.主从复合句

（1）宾语从句

（2）状语从句

（3）定语从句

词汇表

说明：

1.本表共收约1600个单词。

2.本词汇表不列词组和短语。

3.本词汇表不列语法术语。

4.部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。

althoughconj

A

alwaysad

a(an)art.American

abilitynAmericana&n

ableaamongprep

aboutprep&ad.ancienta

andconj

aboveprep

angrya

abroada&ad

absentaanimaln

accentnanothera&pron

acceptvanswern&v

accidentnantn

achenanypron&a

achievevanybodypron

acrossprepanyonepron

actn&vanythingpron

actionnanywayad

activeaanywheread

activitynappearv

addvapplen

addressnAprilii

advantagenarea

adveilisemcntnarmn

advicenarmyn

advisevaroundprep&ad

affordvarrivev

afraidaartn

afterad,prep&conjarticlen

afternoonnasad.conj&prep

againadAsiaa

againstprepAsiana&n

agenaskv

agoadasleepa

agreevatprep

agreementnAtlanticn&a

airnattentionn

Augustii

airline

auntn

airplanen

Australian

airportnAustraliana&n

aliveaautumnn

alla&pron

availablea

allowv

avoidn

almostad

awakev

alonea

awayad

alongad&prep

aloudadB

alreadyad

alsoadbabyu

backad&nblackboardn

backgroundnblinda

bad(worse,worst)abloodn

bagnblow(blew,blown)v

ballnbluen&a

balloonnboardn

bamboonboatn

bananan

bodyn

bankn

bookn

baseballn

boringa

basica

borna

basketn

borrowv

basketballn

bathroomnbossn

be(is,am,are,was,were,being,been)atixvbothpron&a

beachnbottlen

bearnbottomn

beatv&nbowln

beautifulaboxn

boyn

becauseconj

brainn

become(became,become)v

bednbravea

bedroomnbreadn

beenbreak(broke,broken)v

beefnbreakfastn

beforeprep,ad&conjbreathn

begin(began,begun)vbreathev

behaviournbridgen

behindprepbrighta

believevbring(brought,brought)v

brothern

belln

brownn&a

belowprep

brushv&n

besideprep

build(built,built)v

besidesprep&ad

buildingn

betweenprep

t1bum(-ed,ed/burnt,burnt)

beyondprep

busn

bigabusinessn

bike=bicyclenbusya

billnbutconj

birdnbuttern

birchnbutterflyn

birthdaynbuy(bought,bought)v

biscuitnbyprep

bitnbyeinterj

bitterac

blacka&n

cabbagenchild(pl.children)n

caken

Chinan

callv&n

Chinesea&n

camelnchocolaten

cameran

choicen

campn&v

choose(chose,chosen)v

canmodalv

chopsticksn

Canadan

Christmasn

cancelv

churchn

candlen

cineman

cancern

circlen&v

candyncityn

capnclapv&n

capitalnclassu

captainnclassmaten

carnclassroomn

cardncleana&v

carev&ncleara

carefulaclevera

carelessaclimbv

carryvclockn

catnclonev

catch(caught,caught)v

closev&a

causen&v

clothesn

CDn

cloudn

CD-ROMn.

cloudya

ceilingn

clubn

celebratev

centncoachn

centrencoaln

coastn

centuryn

coaln

certaina

coffeen

chairn

coinn

chairman/womann

chalkncoken

colda&n

chancen

collectv

changev

chant〃&妙collegen

cheapacolour(Amcolor)n&v

cheatvcome(came,come)v

checkn&vcomfortablea

cheern&vcommona

cheesencommunicatev

chemistryncommunicationn

chessncompanyn

chestncomparev

chickenncompetitionn

completea&vdarev&aiixv

compositionndarkG&n

computerndaten

concertndaughtern

conditionndayn

conferencendeada

connectvdeafa

considervdealv

continuevdeara

controlvdeath/!

conversationnDecembern

cookv&ndecidev

cookerndecisionn

cooladeepa&ad

copyn&vdegreen

cornerndeliciousa

correctv&adentistn

costV&Ildependv

cottonn&adescribev

deskn

coughn&v

developv

couldmodalv

developmentn

countv

dialogue(Amdialog)n

countryn

countrysidendiaryn

couplendictionaryn

couragendiev

coursendifferencen

cousinndifferenta

covern&vdifficulta

cowndifficultyn

crayonndig(dug.dug)v

crazyadinnern

createvdirecta&v

crossv&ndirectionn

crueladirectorn

cryn&vdirtya

culturendiscoverv

cupndiscoveryn

cut(cut,cut)v&ndiscussv

discussionn

D

diseasen

dad(daddy)ndishn

dailya,ad&ndismissv

dancev&ndisturbv

dangerndividev

dangerousa

do(did,done)velevennum

doctornelsea

dogne-mailn&v

dollnemptya

dollarnencouragev

doornendn&v

doublea&nenemyn

doubtn&venergyn

downad&prep

engineern

downstairsadEnglandn

dozennEnglishn&a

draw(drew,drawn)venjoyv

drawernenougha&ad

dream(-ed.-ed/dreamt,dreamt)\>&nenterv

dressn&venvironmentn

drink(drank,drunk)v&nerasern

drive(drove,driven)Vespeciallyad

drivern

Europen

dropn&vEuropeana&i

drugn

evenad

drumn

dryv&aeveningn

duckneverad

dumplingneverya

duringprepeverybodypron

dutyneverydaya

DVDneveryonepron

everythingpron

Eeverywheread

exam=exainination

eacha&pron

examinev

earn

earlya&adexamplen

earthnexcellenta

eastn,a&adexceptprep

easyaexcitev

eat(ate,eaten)vexcusen&v

edgenexercisev&n

educationnexpectv

effortnexpensivea

eggnexperiencen

eightnum

experimentn

eighteennum

eighthnumexplainv

eightynumexpressv

eithera,conj&adeyen

eldera

F

electrica

elephantnfacen&v

factnflun

factorynfly1(flew,flown)v

failvfly2n

fairafollowV

fall(fell,fallen)vfoodn

familynfoot(pl.feet)n

famousafootballn

fannforprep

fantasticaforcev

far(farlhui;farllicsl/furlhur,furliiusl)a&adforeigna

farmnforeignern

farmern

forestn

fasta&ad

forget(forgot,forgot)v

fata

fathernforkn

favourite(Amfavorite)anformn

fearnfortynum

Februaryn

forwardad

feed(fed,fed)v

fournum

feel(felt,felt)vfourteennum

feelingnfourthnum

festivalnfoxn

fetchvfreea

fevernfreeze(froze,frozen)v

fewpron&afresha

fieldnFridayn

fifthnumfridge(=refrigerator)n

fiftynumfriendn

fight(fought,fought)v&/?friendlya

fillvfriendshipn

filmnfrogii

finalafromprep

find(found,found)vfronta&n

fineafruitn

fingernfulla

finishvfunn

firenfunnya

firstnum,a&adfurnituren

fishnfuturen

fishermann

fit<7&vG

fivenum

gamen

fixv

gardenn

flagn

gate/!

flatn

generala

floorn

gentlemann

flowern

geographyn

gesturenhamn

get(got,got)vhamburgern

giftnhandn

handbagn

giraffen

girlnhandsomea

give(gave,given)vhandwritingn

gladahang(hung,hung)v

glassnhappenv

glovenhappya

go(went,gone)vhardad&a

goatnhardlyad

godnhatn

goldn&ahatev&n

goldenahave(has,had.had)

good(better,best)ahepron

headn

goodbye(bye-bye)interj

headachen

goose{pl.geese)n

healthn

governmentn

healthya

graden

hear(heard,heiiid)v

grammarn

heartn

grandchildn

heatn

granddaughtern

heavenn

grandma=grandmothern

grandpa=grandfathernheavya

grandparentnheightn

grandsonnhello(hi)interj

grannynhelpv&n

helpfula

grapen

henn

grassn

herpron

greataheread

greena&nheron

greetingn

herselfpron

groundn

hide(hid,hidden)v

groupn

higha

grow(grew,grown)vhilln

guardnhimpron

guessvhimselfpron

guestnhispron

guitarnhistoryn

gunnhit(hit,hit)v

gym=gymnasiumnhobbyn

hold(held,held)v

Hholen

habitnholidayn

hairnhomen&ad

halfa&nhometownn

hallnliOIllCWOlk.H

honestainsisti

honour(Amhonor)n&vinsteadad

hopen&vinstructionn

horsenintentionn

hospitalninterestn

hotainterestinga

hotdogninternationaln

hotelnInternetn

houriiinterviev/n&.v

housenintoprep

houseworkn

howadintroducev

howeverad&conjintroductionn

hugeainvent•/

humana&ninventionn

humorousainvitev

hundrednumironn&.v

hungryaislandn

hurryvitprop,

hurt(hurt,hurt)vitspron

husbandnitselfpron

IJ

Ipronjacketn

Januaryn

iccn

Japann

ice-creamn

Japanesen&a

idean

jeansn

ifconj

jobn

illa

joinv

illnessn

joken&v

imaginev

j°y〃

immediatelyad

juicen

importantaJulyn

impossibleajumpv

improvevJunen

inprepjusta&ad

inchn

K

includev

increasev&nkeep(kept,kept)v

Indiankeyn

Indiana&nkeyboardn

industrynkickv&n

influencenkidn

informationnkillv

inknkilo=kilogramn

insideprepkilometren

kind1alifen

kind2nliftv

kingnlightn,v&a

kissn&vlikev&prep

kitchennlinen

kitenlionn

kneenlistn&.v

knife(pl.knives)nlistenv

littlea

knockv&nlitter(les>,least)v&n

know(knew,known)vlivev

knowledgenlivelya

lockn&v

LLondonn

lab=laboratorynlonelya

labour(Amlabor)nlonga

ladynlookv&n

lakenlose(lost,lost)v

lamhnlotII

louda

lampn

lovev&n

landn&v

lovelya

languagen

lowa&ad

largea

luckn

last67&V

luckya

latea&ad

lunchn

laughn&v

lawnM

lay(laid,laid)v

machinen

lazya

mada

lead(led.led)v

madam=madamen

leadern

magazinen

leaf(pl.leaves)n

magica

learn(learnt,learnt)v

mailii

leastn

leave(left,left)vmaina

lefta&nmake(made,made)v

legnman(pl.men)n

lemonade〃

lend(lent,lent)vmanagev

lessonnmanagern

let(let,let)vmany(more,most)pron&

letternmapn

levelnMarchn

librarynmarkn&v

licensenmarketn

lie1(lay,lain)vmarriagen

lie2v&iimarryv

masterv&nmorningn

matchv&nmosta&ad

inath(s)=mathematicsnmothern

maymodalvmotorcyclen

Maynmountainn

maybeadmouse(pl.mice)n

mepronmouthn

mealnmovev

mean(meant,meant)vmovien

meaningnMr.(mister)n

meatnMrs.(mistress)n

medicalaMs.n

medicinenmucha

meet(met,met)vmurderv

meetingnmuseumn

musicn

membern

mustmodalv

memoryn

mypron

mendvmyselfpron

mentionn&v

messagenN