补上一课 动词形式变化 高中英语

补上一课动词形式变化一、动词四种形式变化规则

第三人称单数一般规则加-s特殊规则①原形动词词尾为ch，sh，o，s，x，加-es。如：fix→fixes，teach→teaches，wash→washes②原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋-y”时，去y后加“-ies”；若是“元音字母＋-y”，只加“-s”。如：study→studies，say→says

现在分词一般规则加-ing特殊规则①原形动词以不发音的“-e”结尾时，去“-e”

后加“-ing”。如：live→living，make→making②原形动词词尾为“-ie”时，先把“-ie”改为“-y”后加“-ing”。如：lie→lying，die→dying，tie→tying③原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“-ing”。如：travel→travelling/traveling，prefer→preferring，refer→referring④原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“-ing”(字母组合除外)。如：plan→planning，get→getting，stop→stopping。注意：show，grow，draw，blow，know，flow等不用双写。

过去式和过去分词一般规则加-ed特殊规则①原形动词词尾为“e”时，加“-d”。如：live→lived，like→liked②原形动词词尾为“辅音字母＋y”时，去“-y”后加“-ied”；若词尾为“元音字母＋y”，只加“-ed”。如：study→studied，play→played③原形动词词尾为“元音＋l/r”并为重读音节时，常双写词尾字母后再加“-ed”。如：prefer→preferred④原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，先双写最后一个辅音字母后再加“-ed”。如：chat→chatted，beg→begged，stop→stopped二、动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化1.AAA型原形过去式过去分词betbetbetbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastbidbidbidburstburstburstcastcastcastcostcostcostcutcutcut原形过去式过去分词forecastforecast/forecastedforecast/forecastedhithithithurthurthurtletletletputputputquitquit/quittedquit/quittedreadreadreadridridridsetsetset原形过去式过去分词shutshutshutspitspit/spatspit/spatsplitsplitsplitspreadspreadspreadsweatsweat/sweatedsweat/sweatedthrustthrustthrustupsetupsetupsetwedwed/weddedwed/weddedwetwet/wettedwet/wetted2.AAB型原形过去式过去分词beatbeatbeaten3.ABA型原形过去式过去分词comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeovercomeovercameovercomerunranrun4.ABB型(1)在原形动词后面加字母-ed或字母-d或字母-t构成过去式、过去分词原形过去式过去分词blessblessedblessedhearheardheardburnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learneddreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamedmeanmeantmeantleanleant/leanedleant/leanedleapleapt/leapedleapt/leapedspoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoileddealdealtdealt(2)把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t原形过去式过去分词buildbuiltbuiltrebuildrebuiltrebuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentbendbentbent(3)原形动词中有a则改为aught，无a则改为ought原形过去式过去分词catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtfightfoughtfoughtseeksoughtsoughtthinkthoughtthought(4)把-eel、-ell改成-elt原形过去式过去分词feelfeltfeltkneelkneltkneltsmellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspelt(5)去掉一个e或去掉一个a或去掉一个o原形过去式过去分词feedfedfedmeetmetmetspeedsped/speededsped/speededbleedbledbledbreedbredbredleadledledmisleadmisledmisledshootshotshot(6)改变元音字母(a或i变为u；i或e变为o)原形过去式过去分词digdugdughanghunghungspinspunspunstickStuckstuckstingstungstungswingswungswungshineshoneshonewinwonwongetgotgot/gotten(7)-eep变为-ept原形过去式过去分词keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptoversleepoversleptoversleptcreepcreptcreptweepweptweptsweepsweptswept(8)-ay变为-aid，-ell变为-old，-and变为-ood，-ind变为-ound原形过去式过去分词paypaidpaidrepayrepaidrepaidlaylaidlaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldretellretoldretoldforetellforetoldforetoldstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodmisunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstoodfindfoundfoundwindwoundwound(9)其他原形过去式过去分词havehadhadleaveleftleftlightlit/lightedlit/lightedloselostlostmakemademadeslideslidslidspillspilled/spiltspilled/spilt5.ABC型(1)原形动词后加-n或-en构成过去分词原形过去式过去分词drawdrewdrawnwithdrawwithdrewwithdrawnsewsewedsewn/sewedshowshowedshowntaketooktakenovertakeovertookovertakenmistakemistookmistakenundertakeundertookundertakenshaveshavedshaven/shaved原形过去式过去分词sawsawedsawn/sawedsowsowedsown/sowedshakeshookshakenseesawseenforeseeforesawforeseeneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenforgiveforgaveforgiven原形过去式过去分词drivedrovedrivenriseroserisenarisearosearisenrideroderiddenwritewrotewrittenforbidforbadeforbidden(2)过去式加-n或双写最后一个字母加-en构成过去分词原形过去式过去分词breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokenfreezefrozefrozenwakewokewokenweavewovewovenawakeawokeawokenchoosechosechosenstealstolestolenforgetforgotforgottenhidehidhidden(3)ow-ew-own型原形过去式过去分词blowblewblowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrownoverthrowoverthrewoverthrown(4)i-a-u型原形过去式过去分词beginbeganbegunshrinkshrank/shrunkshrunkdrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsinksanksunksingsangsungswimswamswumspringsprang/sprungsprun