考前押题05 阅读理解（说明文）（解析版）

1/1专题05阅读理解（说明文）常考话题话题1身心健康话题2体育运动（常考点）话题3健康饮食话题4闲暇活动话题5环境保护（常考点）话题6旅游（景点）话题7跨文化沟通话题8科学技术（常考点）话题1身心健康Passage1（25-26七年级下·湖北宜昌·期中）Angerisacommonfeelingthateveryonemayhave.Lotsofthingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantmatch,whenafriendborrowsyourfavoritethingsandthenforgetstoreturnthemtoyou,andwhenyourparentsdon’tallowyoutohangoutwithyourfriendsorplaywithyourphones,youmaygetangry.▲Usuallyyourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathe(呼吸)faster,yourfaceturnsred,andyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone.Butsometimesyoumayhide(隐藏)theangerinyourheart.It’snotgoodforyourhealth.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.Howtodealwith(应对)angerGaryGerber,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenabookcalledMyFeelingsareLikeWildAnimalstohelpyoucontrol(控制)yourfeelings.Ittellsteenagershowtostaycalmwhenbadthingshappentothem.Whenyougetangry,youcantalkaboutitwithanadult,suchasparentsorteachers.Whenyoutalkaboutangerwithothers,thebadfeelingsmaystarttogoaway.Herearesomeotherthingsyoucandowhenyoustarttofeelangry:hangoutwithyourgoodfriends;countfrom1to100;givesomeoneahug;goforabikeride;thinkaboutgoodthings;listentomusic;playsportswithfriends.Thereisalwaysawayforyoutodealwithanger.Rememberthatwhatyoudowhenyouareangrycanmakethingsbetterorworse.Gettingangryeasilyonlymakesproblemsworse.Don’tletyourangercontrolyou.Insteadyoushouldcontrolyouranger.1．WhatisNOTmentioned(没提到)whenthewritershowsushowtodealwithanger?A．Givingsomeoneahug. B．Thinkingaboutgoodthings.C．Talkingaboutitwithanadult. D．Goingonapicnic.2．Whichofthefollowingisthebestfor▲?A．Whatisanger B．WhatmakesyouangryC．Howyourbodyshowsyouranger D．Whyyoufeelangry3．Whatwillhappenifwehideouranger?A．Wemayhitsomeone. B．Wemaygetastomachache.C．Wemaybreaksomething. D．Wemaybreathefaster.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinparagraph3?A．Thebook B．ThefeelingC．Theschool D．Thehug5．Whydoesthewriterwritethispassage?A．Toshowwhypeoplegetangrysometimes.B．Toanswerwhyangerdoesharm(伤害)topeople’shealth.C．Totellustolearnanddealwithangerinarightway.D．Totellushowourbodyactswhenweareangry.【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了愤怒这种常见情绪，分析了愤怒的表现与危害，并给出了应对愤怒的多种方法，引导读者学会正确控制情绪。1．文章在“如何应对愤怒”部分提到了“talkaboutitwithanadult”“givesomeoneahug”，“thinkaboutgoodthings”等方法，但未提及“goingonapicnic”（去野餐）。2．第二段（空处所在段）内容为“Usuallyyourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathefaster,yourfaceturnsred...Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.”，描述了身体在愤怒时的反应及隐藏愤怒的危害，对应选项“Howyourbodyshowsyouranger”。3．第二段明确说明：“It’snotgoodforyourhealth.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.”，即隐藏愤怒可能导致胃痛。4．第三段中划线词“It”所在句为“GaryGerber,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenabookcalledMyFeelingsareLikeWildAnimalstohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings.Ittellsteenagershowtostaycalmwhenbadthingshappentothem.”，此处“It”指代前文提到的“thebook”。5．文章先介绍愤怒的成因与表现，再重点讲解应对愤怒的方法，最后强调“Don’tletyourangercontrolyou.Insteadyoushouldcontrolyouranger.”，核心目的是告诉读者要学会用正确的方式应对愤怒。Passage2（25-26七年级下·河南平顶山·期中）Studentsdonotalwaysfeelgoodatschool.ThatiswhysomeschoolsintheUShavespecialroomstohelpthemfeelbetter.TheChillRoom(冷静室)isonesuchplace.Theseroomsarecomfortableandaboutnature.StudentscanusethembecauseoftheAHNChillProject,whichstartedin2019.Eachroomhasateacher.Theseteachersteachstudentshowtocalmdown.Adoctorisalsotheretotalkwithstudentsandgivethemhelp.Theroomhasaseatingareathatlookslikeabigtreehouse.About10studentscanusetheroomatthesametime.SixthgraderKernssaidtheroomhelpedherwhenshewasbullied(被欺凌).Shesaidsheusedtohategoingtoschool.Butnowshefeelsmuchbetter.ProjectdirectorWilliamDaviesstartedtheprojectafterseeingbadthingshappenatschool.Hethoughtthatbefore,schoolsonlyhelpedstudentsafterabadthinghappened.SoheworkedwithahealthcompanytomaketheChillProjectpossible.6．WhydoschoolssetuptheChillRooms?A．Tohelpstudentsfeelbetter. B．Toteachstudentsaboutnature.C．Togivestudentsmorefreetime. D．Tomakeschoolmorebeautiful.7．WhatcanstudentsgetintheChillRoom?A．Learntododifficulthomework. B．Learntocalmdownandgethelp.C．Makemorenewfriendseasily. D．Designtheirownfavoriterooms.8．HowmanystudentscanusetheChillRoomatthesametime?A．About5. B．About10. C．About15. D．About20.9．WhydidWilliamDaviesstarttheChillProject?A．Becausetheoldwayofhelpingatschooldidn’tworkwell.B．Becausehewantedtohelpstudentsonlyafterbadthingshappened.C．Becausehehopedtoteachstudentsmorenatureknowledge.D．Becausehelovedworkingwiththehealthcompany.10．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Badthingsoftenhappenatschool B．HowtofightagainstbullyingatschoolC．ChillRooms:asafeplaceforstudents D．Aspecialprojectforschoolteachers【答案】6．A7．B8．B9．A10．C【解析】本文介绍了美国一些学校设立的“冷静室”，它为学生提供了一个舒适的环境，帮助他们应对情绪问题，并说明了该项目的起源和效果。6．第一段指出：“schoolsintheUShavespecialroomstohelpthemfeelbetter.”，说明设立冷静室是为了帮助学生感觉更好。7．第三段指出：“Theseteachersteachstudentshowtocalmdown...givethemhelp.”，说明学生可以在冷静室学习冷静并获得帮助。8．第三段指出：“About10studentscanusetheroomatthesametime.”，说明大约10人可以同时使用。9．第五段指出：“Hethoughtthatbefore,schoolsonlyhelpedstudentsafterabadthinghappened.”，说明他启动该项目是因为旧的帮助方式（事后帮扶模式）效果不佳。10．全文围绕“冷静室”展开，介绍了它的作用、设施和效果，因此“冷静室：学生的安全之地”是最佳标题。Passage3（25-26七年级下·北京·期中）Intoday’shigh-speedworld,it’seasytogetcaughtupinthedailytasksandforgetaboutthosethatbringusjoy.Asyoucreateyourgoalsfor2026,consideraddingonetoexperiencemoreflow(心流).PsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyihascalledflow“thesecrettohappiness”.Flowisastateofpositiveexperiencewhichischaracterizedbygreatjoythatmakesalifeworthliving.Eachofuscanbringitintooureverydaylives.Whenpeoplefeelflow,theyareinastateofstrongfocus.Theirthoughtscenteronanexperienceratherthanonthemselves.Theyloseasenseoftimeandfeelasiftheiractionsandawarenessbecomeone.Flowappearswhenboththetask’schallengeandskilllevelarehigh.Peoplewillnotfeelflowwhentheyaredoingthedishes.Csikszentmihalyi’sresearchinthe1970swasaimedatpeopledoingtaskstheyenjoyed.Hestudiedswimmers,musiccomposers,dancers,mountainclimbersandotherathletes.Hefoundoutthataslongasthetask’schallengeishigh,andsoareyourskills,youshouldbeabletoachieveflow.Flowisseenas“thesecrettohappiness”.Foronething,theexperiencecanhelppeopleworktowardstheirlong-termgoals.Researchshowsthattakingabreaktofeelflowcanimproveone’sself-control,goal-achievingandwell-being.Arecentstudyalsoshowsthatflowcouldmakepeopleresilientinthefaceofdifficulty.Partofthisisbecauseflowcanhelpredirectthoughtsawayfromsomethingstressfultosomethingenjoyable.Infact,studieshaveshownthatexperiencingflowcanhelpguardagainstsadnessandburnout.Whatisgoingoninthebrainduringflow?Studiesshowthattheexperienceisconnectedwithincreasingexcitementinbrainpartsrelatedtofeelingsatisfied.Thismaybeonereasonwhyflowfeelssoenjoyableandwhypeoplearesofocusedontasksthatmakethemfeelflow.Researchalsoshowsthatwhenpeoplearein“flow”,there’slessactivityinbrainpartsthatdealwithself-focusandnegativethoughts.Thismayhelpexplainwhyfeelingflowcanhelpdistract(转移)peoplefromworry.However,theabove-mentionedstudieswererelated,notcausal(随意的).Furtherstudyofthisconnectionisofgreatimportance.11．Accordingtothepassage,flowismostlikelytoappearwhensomeoneis________.A．attendingaconcertofhisfavoritesinger B．playingchessagainstastrongcompetitorC．doingdailychoresforhisfamilymembers D．sharinghistravelingexperiencewithfriends12．Flowiscalled“thesecrettohappiness”partlybecauseitcanhelp________.A．turndifficulttasksintoeasierones B．drawpeopleawayfrombadthoughtsC．remindpeopletotakenecessarybreaks D．breaklong-termgoalsintoshorterones13．Whatdoestheword“resilient”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Easilyinfluenced. B．Abletomakegreatimprovement.C．Completelyfail. D．Abletobecomestrongagain.14．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whendoesthestateof“flow”appear?B．Whathappensinourbrainduring“flow”?C．Whydoesexperiencing“flow”feelsogood?D．Howcan“flow”beachievedineverydaylife?【答案】11．B12．B13．D14．C【解析】本文为说明文，主要介绍“心流”的定义、产生条件、带来的积极作用以及人处于心流状态时的大脑变化，阐释心流为何能带来幸福感。11．第2段“Flowappearswhenboththetask’schallengeandskilllevelarehigh.…Hefoundoutthataslongasthattask’schallengeishigh,andsoareyourskills,youshouldbeabletoachieveflow.”指出当任务难度和技能水平都很高时，心流就会出现，即只要任务挑战性高、自身技能过硬，就能获得心流。与强劲对手下棋，挑战与个人技能匹配且难度高可以产生心流。12．第3段第5句“Partofthisisbecauseflowcanhelpredirectthoughtsawayfromsomethingstressfultosomethingenjoyable.”直接给出心流被称为“幸福的秘诀”的部分原因在于心流可让人远离负面、糟糕的想法。13．第3段最后一句“Infact,studieshaveshownthatexperiencingflowcanhelpguardagainstsadnessandburnout.”指出心流有助于抵御悲伤和身心疲惫，帮助人对抗负面困境，由此推知“resilient”指面对困境时能够重新振作、变得坚强。14．通读全文，文章介绍了心流的定义、产生条件、对身心的积极影响以及大脑的变化，围绕心流为何让人愉悦、收获幸福感展开。C选项“为什么体验心流会如此美好”可涵盖全文核心内容，适合作为标题。Passage4（25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·期中）Thesedays,youmaysee“Loveyou,laoji”everywhereonline.Infact,itmeans“Loveyourself!”.Itfeelsliketalkingtoanoldfriend—warm,casualandalittlefunny.Whydopeoplelovethisphrasesomuch?Ithelpsusstopbeingtoostrict(严厉的)withourselves.Schoolanddailylifecanmakeusfeelworried,andweoftenthink,“I’mnotgoodenough.”But“Loveyou,laoji”tellsustotrustandencourage(鼓励)ourselves.Besides,it’sfunandeasytosay.Saying“Ilovemyself”mayfeelstrange,but“Loveyou,laoji”islikechattingwithafriend.Also,it’snotjustwords.Wecanshowlovetoourselveswithsmallnicethings,likebuyingourfavoritemilkteaormakingatastysnack.Howtotakecareofyour“laoji”?It’seasy!Talktoyourselfinaniceway.Don’tsay“WhyamIsostupid(愚蠢的)?”Justsay“ItriedmybestandI’lldobetternexttime.”Writethreegoodthingsaboutyourselfbeforebed.Forexample,Ihelpedaclassmatetoday.Trymakingalistofthingsthatmakeyouhappy,likelisteningtosongs.What’smore,learntosaynototiringthingsthatholdyouback,suchasspendingtoomuchtimeonthephone.Remember:myfeelingsmatter.Importantly,eachweek,askyourself:Whatmademehappyortired?Thendomorehappythings!“Loveyou,laoji”teachesustobeourownbestfriend.Celebrateyoursmallsuccesses,anddon’tforgettorestwhenyoufeeltired.Loveyou,laoji!Startrightnow!Andyouwillfeelhappierandmorerelaxedinthedaysahead.15．Howmanyreasonsdoesthewritertellusaboutwhypeopleloveusing“Loveyou,laoji”?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.16．Whatdoestheunderlined“holdback”inParagraph3probablymean?A．阻碍 B．帮助 C．鼓励 D．控制17．Thewritertellsusthewaystotakecareofyour“laoji”mainlyby________.A．givingexamples B．askingquestionsC．listingnumbers D．comparing(比较)facts18．Whatmayyousayifyoulovelaoji?A．I’mnotgoodenough. B．WhyamIalwayssostupid?C．Ishouldbestricterwithmyselfthanbefore. D．ItriedmybestandI’lldobetternexttime.【答案】15．C16．A17．A18．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网络流行语“Loveyou,laoji”的含义、人们喜欢它的原因以及如何关爱自己，鼓励人们以积极的方式对待自己，从而感到更快乐和放松。15．第二段指出“Ithelpsusstopbeingtoostrictwithourselves...Besides,it’sfunandeasytosay...Also,it’snotjustwords.”，直接说明了人们喜欢使用“Loveyou,laoji”有三个原因：帮助我们不再对自己过于严厉、有趣且容易说、不只是说说而已，还可以用小事表达对自己的爱。16．第三段提及“What’smore,learntosaynototiringthingsthatholdyouback,suchasspendingtoomuchtimeonthephone.”，根据上下文可知，此处“holdback”意为“阻碍”，因为要学会对那些阻碍自己、让自己疲惫的事情说“不”。17．第三段在介绍如何关爱自己的方法时，使用了“Forexample”和“Trymakingalistof...”等表达方式，表明作者主要通过举例子的方式来阐述观点。18．第三段指出“Talktoyourselfinaniceway.Don’tsay‘WhyamIsostupid?’Justsay‘ItriedmybestandI’lldobetternexttime.’”，直接说明了如果爱自己，应该用积极的方式与自己对话，如“我尽力了，下次会做得更好”。话题2体育运动Passage1（24-25七年级下·广东汕头·阶段检测）Scientists(科学家)findthatmusicisimportantinpreparingforasportsgame.Theysaythatlisteningtotherightmusichelpspeopletrainhard(努力训练)andfeelgoodaftertraining.Alotofsportspeoplenowusemusictohelpthemprepareforsportsgames.Listeningtotherightmusicisimportantforallofus.Weallknowthatdoingsomeexerciseisimportant,butmanyofusdon’tlikedoingit.Listeningtomusiccanmakeexerciseinteresting,andhelppeoplekeepdoingit.EveryeveningIgorunningforexercise.MaybeIcanmakemyexercisefunandeasythiseveningbylisteningtosomemusic.Butnotallsportspeoplelikelisteningtomusicintheirtrainingorgames.Onesportsmansaysthatheneedstoconcentrate(集中注意力)beforeagame,buthecan’tdoitwhenheislisteningtomusic.1．Listeningtotherightmusiccanhelpsportspeople________.A．eatwell B．sleepwellC．finishtrainingquickly D．prepareforasportsgame2．Whyisitimportantforustolistentotherightmusic?①Allthesportspeoplelikelisteningtomusicintheirtrainingorgames.②Itmakesexercisefun.③Ithelpspeoplekeepexercising.④Ithelpspeoplerememberhappythings.A．①② B．③④C．②③ D．②④3．Whatdoesthewriterdoeveryevening?A．Heruns. B．Heswims.C．Heplaystennis. D．Heplaysbasketball.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Doingwellinagame. B．Doingtrainingforagame.C．Knowingmoreaboutagame. D．Concentratingbeforeagame.5．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．FunSports B．MusicandSportsC．RelaxingMusic D．ExerciseandHealth【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．D5．B【解析】本文介绍了音乐对运动的影响，包括帮助运动员备赛、让普通人的锻炼更有趣，同时也提到了部分运动员不适合在训练或比赛中听音乐的情况。1．根据第一段“Scientistsfindthatmusicisimportantinpreparingforasportsgame.”可知，听合适的音乐能帮助运动员为体育比赛做准备。2．根据第二段“Listeningtomusiccanmakeexerciseinteresting,andhelppeoplekeepdoingit.”，听合适的音乐能让锻炼变得有趣（②），并帮助人们坚持锻炼（③）；①表述错误，因为第三段提到“notallsportspeoplelikelisteningtomusicintheirtrainingorgames”；④文中未提及，因此正确选项为②③。3．根据第二段“EveryeveningIgorunningforexercise.”可知，作者每晚跑步。4．根据第三段“Onesportsmansaysthatheneedstoconcentratebeforeagame,buthecan’tdoitwhenheislisteningtomusic.”可知，“it”指代比赛前集中注意力。5．文章主要讲述音乐和体育之间的关系，“MusicandSports”作为标题最合适。Passage2（25-26七年级下·江西宜春·期中）Rockclimbinghasbeenapopularsportforalongtime.Butnowalotofrockclimbersaretryingsomethingnew:iceclimbing.Whenyougoiceclimbing,youclimbice.Alotofpeopleloveiceclimbing.Why?Ontheonehand,theycandoitinmanyplaces.Ifpeoplewanttotrysomethingeasy,theycanclimbglaciers(冰川)orsmallmountains.Thoseareveryeasy.Ontheotherhand,somepeopledon’tlikeeasysports.Theywanttotrysomethingstimulating.Thatistosay,theycanenjoytheexcitementinthesport.Andtheycanfinddangerousandfunplacestogoiceclimbing,suchashighmountainsandfrozenwaterfalls(冰瀑布).________First,ifyouwanttogoiceclimbing,youhavetobehealthyandstrong.Second,youcandospecialexercisebeforeyoustart.Youcanalsotakesomeiceclimbingclassesbeforeyoustart.Last,don’tgoiceclimbingbyyourself.Youhavetoalwaysgowithsomepeople.Iceclimbingishardbutinterestingformanypeople.Somesaythatwhentheygettothetopofaglacierorfrozenwaterfall,it’sthebestfeelingintheworld.6．Accordingtothepassage,iceclimberscanfindexcitingplacestoclimbexcept(除了)________A．smallmountains B．glaciersC．homegardens D．frozenwaterfalls7．Whichsentencecanbeputinthe“________”A．Butalotofpeopleloveiceclimbing.B．Goingiceclimbingneedsastrongbody.C．Thereissomeadviceabouticeclimbing.D．Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouticeclimbing.8．Whatcantheiceclimbersdotokeepsafeaccordingtothepassage?①Goiceclimbingalone.

②Climbfrozenwaterfalls.③Takesomeiceclimbingclasses.

④Dospecialexercisebeforegoingiceclimbing.A．①③ B．②③ C．③④ D．①④9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Today’srockclimberslikeiceclimbingbetter.B．Climbingglaciersisalittledifficultforpeopletotry.C．Peoplecangorockclimbingonlyindangerousplaces.D．Iceclimbersareveryexcitedwhentheyareatthetop.10．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Anewsport-iceclimbing B．BebravetotrysomethingnewC．Apopularsport-mountainclimbing D．Goiceclimbingtokeephealthy【答案】6．C7．C8．C9．D10．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了攀岩衍生出的新兴运动——攀冰，说明了攀冰的受欢迎原因、不同难度的场地选择、安全注意事项，以及攀冰者登顶时的感受。6．根据第二段“Ifpeoplewanttotrysomethingeasy,theycanclimbglaciersorsmallmountains…Theycanfinddangerousandfunplacestogoiceclimbing,suchashighmountainsandfrozenwaterfalls.”，可知攀冰者可以选择冰川、小山、高山和冰瀑布作为攀爬地点，文中未提及家庭花园。7．第三段下文以“First,Second,Last”引出攀冰的注意事项，是对攀冰给出的具体建议，因此横线处的句子需要起到引出下文的作用。8．根据第三段“youcandospecialexercisebeforeyoustart.Youcanalsotakesomeiceclimbingclassesbeforeyoustart.Last,don’tgoiceclimbingbyyourself.”，可知攀冰者应提前做专项训练、参加攀冰课程，且不能独自前往，①和②不符合安全要求。9．根据第四段“Somesaythatwhentheygettothetopofaglacierorfrozenwaterfall,it’sthebestfeelingintheworld.”，可知攀冰者登顶时会感到非常兴奋和愉悦。10．全文围绕“攀冰”这一新兴运动展开，介绍了其背景、受欢迎原因、安全建议和体验感受，核心主题是介绍这项新运动。Passage3（25-26七年级下·宁夏吴忠·期中）①Studentsallovertheworldlikesports.Therearemanykindsofsports.Manystudentsliketoplaythem.②InChina,studentslikeping-pong.It’sthemostpopularsportinChina.Theyoftenplayitafterclass.Theylikebasketballandvolleyball,too.Studentsarebusyatschool,somostofthemoftenplaysportsonweekends.③InAmerica,studentsplaysportseveryday.Theyoftenplaybasketball,butAmericanfootballistheirfavouritesport.Theylikeswimmingandrunning,too.Theythinksportsaregreat.④InEngland,studentslovewatchingfootballgamesandplayingsports.WatchingfootballgamesonTVistheirfavouritethingtodo.TheyoftenplaysportswiththeirfamilyorfriendsonSaturdayandSunday.Theylikesportsverymuch.⑤Playingsportsisgoodforourhealthandcanletusbehappy.Also,doingsportscanbringfriendstogether.Whenweplaysports,welearnhowtoworkasateam.Thisisimportantnotjustingames,butalsoinlife.Nomatterwhatsportsyoudo,movingyourbodyisfun.Let’sdosports!11．Howmanysportsarementioned(提及)forthestudentsinChina?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.12．WhendostudentsinEnglandplaysports?A．Everyday. B．Afterclass. C．OnSaturday. D．Onweekends.13．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Americanstudentsneverplaysports.B．InEngland,studentsoftenplaysportsonschooldays.C．Americanfootballisstudents’favouritesportintheUSA．D．InChina,studentsonlylikeballgamesandoftenplaythem.14．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A．①②③④\⑤ B．①\②③④⑤ C．①\②③④\⑤ D．①\②③\④⑤【答案】11．A12．D13．C14．C【解析】本文介绍了世界各地学生对体育运动的喜爱，分别说明了中国、美国、英国学生喜爱的运动及运动时间，最后阐述了体育运动对健康、社交和团队合作的好处。11．文章第二段“InChina,studentslikeping-pong...Theylikebasketballandvolleyball,too.”明确提及了中国学生喜欢的运动有乒乓球、篮球和排球，共三种。12．文章第四段“TheyoftenplaysportswiththeirfamilyorfriendsonSaturdayandSunday.”表明英国学生通常在周六和周日运动，即周末。13．文章第三段“Americanfootballistheirfavouritesport.”表明美式足球是美国学生最爱的运动。14．第一段①总起全文，介绍全世界学生喜爱运动；第二段②、第三段③、第四段④分别具体介绍中国、美国、英国学生的运动情况，属于分述；第五段⑤总结运动的好处并发出倡导，属于总结。因此文章结构为“总—分—总”，即①\②③④\⑤。Passage4（25-26七年级下·浙江金华·期中）①Whenyougooutforawalkorajog,doyouseerubbishontheroad?Maybeaplasticbottle,somepaper,oranemptycan.Allthisrubbishisbadfortheworld.Buthowoftendoyoustoptopickitup?②Well,anewsportcalledploggingisencouragingpeopletodothat.Theword“plogging”comesfrom“jogging”and“plockaupp”.“Plockaupp”means“topickup”inSwedish(瑞典语).Theideaissimple:pickuprubbishwhileyouarejogging!③In2016,ErikAhlström,arunner,wassadtoseesomuchrubbishwhenhewentforaruneveryday.Sohecreatedtheword“plogging”.Now,ploggingispopularinmanycountriesoftheworld.In2021,thefirstWorldPloggingCompetitionwasheldinItaly.In2024,over80ploggersfrom13countriesjoinedinandcollectedmorethan1,200kilogramsofrubbish.Inthelastfiveyears,thenumberofploggersallovertheworldhasgrownfromlessthan5,000toover20,000.④Therearemanygoodthingsaboutplogging.Itmakesyouhealthierwhenyouexercise.Italsomakesthestreetsandparkscleaner.What’smore,it’sasocialactivity.Peoplecanmeetnewfriendsinplogginggroups.Forusteenagers,ploggingteachesustocareforourenvironment.So,let’sallgiveitatry!⑤Ofcourse,noteveryoneenjoysjogging.Youcanjustpickuprubbishwithanyothersportslikebikeridingorevenjustwalking!Thissimpleactivityhelpsyouexercise,connectwithnature,andprotecttheworldatthesametime.It’sworthatry!15．Whatisplogging?A．Goingforaswiminagym. B．Collectingbottleswhenriding.C．Joggingwithfriendsatschool. D．Pickinguprubbishwhilejogging.16．HowdoesthewritershowploggingispopularinParagraph3?A．Bycomparingfacts. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Byaskingquestions. D．Byshowingfeelings.17．WhichquestiondoesParagraph4answer?A．WhendidErikcreatetheword“plogging”? B．Howmuchrubbishdidtheploggerscollect?C．Whatbenefitsdoesploggingbringtous? D．Wheredoestheword“plogging”comefrom?18．Whydoesthewriterwritethetext?A．Toaskpeopletostoplittering. B．Toencouragepeopletotryplogging.C．Toshareastoryaboutagreatrunner. D．Toadvisepeopletoexerciseinnature.【答案】15．D16．B17．C18．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“plogging”这项新兴运动，包括它的起源、发展、流行现状以及带来的多重好处，最后呼吁大家尝试这项运动，在锻炼的同时保护环境。15．根据第②段第2、3句“Theword‘plogging’comesfrom‘jogging’and‘plockaupp’.Theideaissimple:pickuprubbishwhileyouarejogging!”可知，plogging指的是在慢跑的同时捡垃圾。16．第③段中，作者通过“2016年”、“2021年”、“2024年”、“80ploggers”、“13countries”、“1,200kilograms”、“fromlessthan5,000toover20,000”等一系列具体数据，说明plogging在全球越来越受欢迎，这种写作手法是“列数字”。17．第④段开头“Therearemanygoodthingsaboutplogging.”点明主旨，随后分别阐述了plogging对健康、环境、社交以及青少年环保意识的好处，回答了“plogging能给我们带来什么好处？”这一问题。18．全文介绍了plogging的起源、发展和好处，并在第④段结尾“So,let’sallgiveitatry!”和第⑤段结尾“It’sworthatry!”发出呼吁，由此可知作者的写作目的是鼓励大家尝试这项运动。话题3健康饮食Passage1（25-26七年级下·湖北武汉·期中）Theweatherisgettinghotter.Youarethirstyafterplayingbasketballorridinghomefromschool.Acolddrinkmaybejustthething.Butbecarefulaboutwhatyouaredrinking.Somethingthatlookscoolmaynotbegoodforyourhealth.Thereareplentyof“energydrinks”onthemarket.Mostofthemhavebeautifulcoloursandcoolnames.Thelistsonthemtellyoutheyarehelpfultoyourhealth.Soundsgreat!Butafteracarefulcheck,youmayfindthatmostenergydrinkshavelotsofcaffeine(咖啡因)inthem.Thesedrinksareespeciallyaimedatyoungpeople,students,busypeopleandsportsplayers.Makerssometimessaytheirdrinksmakeyoubetteratsportsandcankeepyouawake.Butbecarefulnottodrinktoomuch.________.Caffeinemakesyourheartbeatfast.Becauseofthis,theInternationalOlympicCommittee(国际奥委会)haslimiteditsuse.Caffeineinmostenergydrinksisatleastasstrongasthatinacupofcoffeeortea.Possiblehealthdangershavesomethingtodowithenergydrinks.Justonecanofenergydrinkcanmakeyounervous,havedifficultysleepingandcanevencauseheartproblems.Scientistssaythatteenagersshouldbestoppedfromtakingdrinkswithalotofcaffeineinthem.Soweshouldstayawayfromtheenergydrinkstokeephealthy.1．Whichofthefollowingpicturesshows“energydrinks”?A． B． C． D．2．Whatdothemakerssayabouttheirdrinks?A．Theycanhelppeopledowellinsports. B．Theycanhelpstudentssleepwell.C．Theyarebadforpeople’shealth. D．Theyhavelotsofcaffeine.3．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblank

________?A．Manypeoplelikedrinkingenergydrinks B．ToomuchcaffeineinthebodyisbadforusC．Energydrinksarepopularamongteenagers D．Wedrinkenergydrinkswhenwefeeltired4．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．5．What’sthemainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Totellustochoosecolddrinksinhotweather.B．Tointroducedifferentkindsofenergydrinks.C．Toaskteenagerstostayawayfromenergydrinks.D．Toshowhowtomakeenergydrinks.【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．B5．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了能量饮料的特点、商家宣传的功效，以及咖啡因过量摄入对健康的危害，呼吁人们尤其是青少年远离能量饮料。1．根据文中第二段对“energydrinks”的描述，这类饮料通常包装时尚、颜色鲜艳、名字酷炫，选项D的图片符合能量饮料的外观特征。2．文章第二段“Makerssometimessaytheirdrinksmakeyoubetteratsportsandcankeepyouawake.”直接表明商家宣传他们的饮料能帮助人们在运动中表现更好。3．根据上下文，空格后提到咖啡因会使心跳加快、引发健康问题，因此此处应引出咖啡因过量的危害，选项B“Toomuchcaffeineinthebodyisbadforus”符合语境。4．文章结构为：①引出话题（饮料与健康）→②介绍能量饮料的市场情况与商家宣传→③说明能量饮料中咖啡因的危害→④呼吁远离能量饮料。这种“总—分—总”结构对应选项B的图示。5．文章最后一段“Soweshouldstayawayfromtheenergydrinkstokeephealthy.”表明文章的主要目的是呼吁青少年远离能量饮料。Passage2（24-25七年级下·河北邯郸·期末）Ahealthyeatinghabit,goingwithenoughexercise,canhelpyoukeephealthy.Whenyouareyoung,itisimportanttogiveyourbodywhatitneeds.Ifyouskipmeals,youcan’tgetenoughcalories(卡路里).Andthenyoumayfeeltired.Bytheway,thecalorieisjustanotherwordforenergy.About50%ofyourcaloriesshouldcomefromrice,bread,vegetablesandfruit.Youalsoneedtodrinkalotofwater,6to8glassesaday.Drinkingenoughwatercanmakeyourbodyworkbetterandmakeyouhealthy.Exercisecanhelptomakeyoulookgood,feelgoodandbehealthy.Scientistssaythatkidsshouldspendatleast30minutesexercisingaday,fivetimesaweek.Itiseasytodo!Youcanwalkorrideyourbiketoschool,andplaysportsatschool.However,kidsseldomdosports,sayingtheyhavenotimeleftafterfinishingtheirhomework.Infact,doingexercisecanhelpthemsleepbetteranddobetterintheirlessons.Ifyoufollowtheadviceabove,youwilllookandfeelmuchbetterandbecomehealthier.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skip”mean?A．Eatwell. B．Don’teatanything. C．Stopdoingsomething. D．Cookmeals.7．Howoftenshouldkidsexerciseaccordingtoscientists?A．Everyday. B．Onceaweek. C．Threetimesaweek. D．Fivetimesaweek.8．Whydon’tmanykidsdosportsaccordingtothepassage?A．Because