2026版《金版教程》高考一轮复习英语（十四） 题组54

高考总复习首选用卷英语题组54Ⅰ阅读(2025·陕西省高三高考适应性检测)Forthousandsofyears,peoplearoundtheworldhavetoldmythsabouttheMoonandhowitcameintobeing.Now,newresearchhasrevealedthattheMoonis40millionyearsolderthanscientiststhoughtitwas.Thelatestdatasuggeststhatitformedaround4.46billionyearsago.ManyscientistsbelievethattheMoonformedafteraplanetthesizeofMars,calledTheia,collided(碰撞)withtheEarth.Thiscausedmagmatoblastoutintospace.ThemagmacooledintosolidrocksthatstartedorbitingtheEarthinrings,likeSaturnhas.Gradually,thoserocksclumped(聚集)togethertoformtheMoon.ScientistsworkedouthowoldtheMoonisbystudyingrocksgatheredfromthesurfacein1972—thelasttimehumanssetfootontheMoon.Astronautscollectedthesamplesusingalunarrake,draggingitthroughthedustonthesurfacetocollectrocksthatwerebetweenoneandthreecentimetreswide.Thesamplescontainedzirconcrystals,atypeofmineralthatwouldhaveformedaftertheEarthandTheiacollidedandthemagmacooleddown.Scientistshavestudiedthesamplesbeforebutanewscanningtechnique,called“atomprobetomography”，helpedthemtostudythecrystalsinmoredetailandcalculatetheMoon'sagemoreaccurately.TheMoonisimportantbecauseitaffectsthingsontheEarth,suchastides,seasonsandweather.LifeontheEarthwasonlypossibleaftertheMoonhadformed,soscientistswanttolearnmoreaboutwhenithappened.ProfessorPhilipHeck,whoworkedonthestudy,said,“It'sapartofournaturalsystemthatwewanttobetterunderstand.”BeforeNASAlandedastronautsontheMooninthe1960sand1970s,therewereothertheoriesabouthowtheMoonformed.OnesuggestedthattheMoonwasfloatingthroughspaceandwascapturedbytheEarth'sgravity.AnothersaidthattheEarthstartedspinningsoquicklythatsomebitsofitbrokeoffandwentintoorbit.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于月球形成的新研究。1．What'sthepurposeoftheresearch?A．ToknowmoreabouttheEarth.B．TofindouthowtheMoonformed.C．ToworkouthowtheastronautslandedontheMoon.D．TostudytherocksgatheredfromthesurfaceoftheMoon.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，几千年来，世界各地的人们都在讲述月球的神话及它是如何形成的。新的研究表明，月球比科学家之前认为的要老4，000万年。最新数据显示，它形成于大约44.6亿年前。由此可推知，研究的目的是通过月球形成的时间找出月球是如何形成的。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph2referto?A．Thecollision. B．Theia.C．TheEarth. D．ThesizeofMars.答案：A解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“Manyscientistsbelieve...collided(碰撞)withtheEarth.(许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗火星大小的行星Theia与地球相撞后形成的。)”及画线词所在句句意(这次碰撞导致岩浆喷射到太空中。)可推知，“This”指的是前文提到的“Theia与地球相撞”这一事件，即“碰撞”。故选A。3．WhatisthelatestbeliefoftheMoon'sformation?A．Itistheresultofcollisionoftwoplanets.B．ItwasdraggedtoitslocationbytheEarth'sgravity.C．ItwasshapedbythebitswhichbrokeofftheEarth.D．Itcrashedintospacebyaccident.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Manyscientistsbelieve...collided(碰撞)withtheEarth.”可知，目前关于月球形成的最新观点是，它是两颗行星(地球和Theia)碰撞的结果。故选A。4．WhatarethemajoreffectstheMoonhasontheEarth?A．Daytimeanddirections.B．Weatherandgeography.C．Seasonsandtides.D．Weightsandlives.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“TheMoonisimportantbecauseitaffectsthingsontheEarth,suchastides,seasonsandweather.”可知，月球对地球的主要影响包括潮汐、季节和天气。故选C。(2025·吉林省长春市朝阳区长春外国语学校高三期中)Imaginebeingabletouseenergyfromthesunallthetime,evenwhenit'snight.That'stheideathatscientistsatCaltech(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)areexploring.They'reworkingoncollectingsunlightinspaceandsendingitsenergytotheEarth.Caltech'sscientistshavecreatedaspecialtoolforthisproject.TheycallitMAPLE.MAPLEandtwootherdevicesarepartofaprojectthatwassentintospaceinJanuary,2023.MAPLE'sjobistotesttheideaofsendingenergywirelesslyfromspacetotheEarth.We'reusedtousingwirestomoveelectricalenergyfromoneplacetoanother.Butsendingenergywithoutwiresisalottrickier.ThemethodusedbyCaltech'sscientistsdependsonthewaywavesactwhentheymeet.Imaginetwowavescomingtogetherastheytravelinthesamedirection.Ifthetopsofthewaveslineup,theycombinetomakeabiggerwave.Butifthetopofonewavelinesupwiththelowpointoftheother,thewavescanceleachotherout.TheCaltechteamhasfoundawaytocontrolthetimingoflotsofmicrowavessothattheycancombinetheirpower,andfocustheenergyinonedirection.It'salittlelikeusingamagnifying(放大的)glasstofocussunlightintoasmall,hotpointoflight.Toprovethatthesystemcouldwork,MAPLEsentenergytotwodevicesjust30centimetersawayinspace.Thisenergywasthenturnedintoelectricity,whichmadetwosmalllightslightup.Next,MAPLEsentenergyallthewaydowntoalabatCaltech.Thescientistswereabletodetecttheenergy,provingthatit'spossibletosendsolarenergytotheEarthfromspace.DrHajimiri,oneoftheproject'sleaders,thinksthatoneday,thesystemcouldbeextremelyuseful,bringingenergytoplacesthatneedit,allovertheworld.Hebelievesthatinthefuture,we'llbeabletosendenergytoremoteregionsandareasdestroyedbywarornaturaldisaster.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院的科学家创造了一个特殊工具MAPLE从太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送回地球，并解释了MAPLE如何通过控制微波的时机来聚焦能量。5．WhatisthechallengeinCaltech'sprojectwithMAPLE?A．Solarenergydetection.B．Wirelessenergydelivery.C．Sendingdevicesintospace.D．Usingwirestomoveelectricity.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“MAPLE'sjobis...withoutwiresisalottrickier.(MAPLE的任务是测试从太空向地球无线发送能量的想法。我们习惯于用电线把电能从一个地方传输到另一个地方。但是在没有电线的情况下传输能量要棘手得多。)”可知，MAPLE的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B。6．HowdoestheCaltechteamconcentratesolarpower?A．Bychangingthewaymicrowavesact.B．Bymagnifyingwavescomingtogether.C．Bycontrollingthetimingofmicrowaves.D．Byliningupthewavesinoppositedirections.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheCaltechteamhasfoundaway...inonedirection.(加州理工学院的研究小组已经找到了一种方法来控制大量微波的时间，这样它们就可以结合它们的能量，并将能量集中在一个方向上。)”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波的时间来集中太阳能。故选C。7．WhatpotentialbenefitcouldthesystembringinthefutureaccordingtoDrHajimiri?A．Warningpeopleofnaturaldisasters.B．Turningsolarenergyintoelectricity.C．Providingasolutiontoenergyshortages.D．Sendingenergytoregionsinurgentneed.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Hajimiri(哈吉米里)博士认为这个系统会把能源带到世界各地需要它的地方。他相信，在未来，我们将能够向偏远地区和被战争或自然灾害摧毁的地区输送能源。故选D。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheUseofSolarEnergyinSpaceExplorationB．TheChallengesofGeneratingEnergyWithoutWiresC．TheDevelopmentofaNewToolforCollectingElectricityD．ThePossibilityofSendingEnergyWirelesslyfromSpacetoEarth答案：D解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了使用加州理工学院科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，D项(从太空向地球无线传输能量的可能性)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。Ⅱ语法填空(2025·吉林省珲春市第二高级中学高三一模)Chang'e­5wasalandmarkspacemissionforChina,asitwasthefirsttimeourcountry__1__(collect)samplesfromtheMoon.TheChang'e­5missionisthefirstcollectionofMoonsamplesin40years,andfittinglyChang'e­5__2__(name)aftertheChineseMoongoddess.Itturnedoutthathistorywasalsobeingmadewiththisvoyagebehindthescenes.BehindChina'slandmarklunarmissionisadedicatedteamofscientists,oneofwhomisthe__3__(young)spacecommanderever.24­year­oldZhouChengyuwasresponsibleformanagingtherocketconnectorsystem.__4__(know)as“BigSister”bycolleaguesasamarkofrespect,thecommanderhasbecomeanInternetcelebrityinChina.Itisbecauseofherachievements__5__theGuizhouProvincenativehasattractedgreatattentionfromthepressandpublic.__6__(amaze),thathasalsomadesomepeoplejokinglyre­evaluatetheirachievements.However,therecord­breakingcommanderdoesnotappear__7__(interest)inhernew­foundfame.As__8__matteroffact,inordertofocusonherimportantworkZhouChengyuhasturned__9__manyinterviews.Now,ZhouChengyuisfocusedonherwork,butgiventhe__10__(excite)aroundthismissionandherachievements,itseemsthatshewillhavefansforlife.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。随着嫦娥五号成功带回月球样本，中国最年轻的连接器系统女指挥官周承钰受到了人们的关注。1．答案：hadcollected解析：考查动词的时态。固定句式itwasthefirsttime(that)...haddone意为“那是……第一次做某事”，从句谓语用过去完成时。故填hadcollec