雅思阅读：基础段作业（含解析）

基础篇

第一章雅思的词

作业要求：

1.利用三大黄金定位词组合定位

2.划出定位句

2.找出定位句中所有同义替换

3.尝试填空!

CIOT3PlTheContext,MeaningandScopeofTourism

Completethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.

11.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportant.

12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajor.

13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflected

inthemeasurementof.

Oncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomean

institutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner

(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradefor

manynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,

SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quoting

fromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetraveland

tourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,

France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the

UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,

whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeof

certaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-wide

tourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarise

whenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.

C9T4PlThelifeandworkofMarieCurie

Completethenotesbelow.

ChooseONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes7-13onyouranswersheet

MarieCurie'sresearchonradioactivity

•Whenuraniumwasdiscoveredtoberadioactive,MarieCuriefoundthatthe

elementcalled7hadthesameproperty.

•MarieandPierreCurie'sresearchintotheradioactivityofthemineralknownas

8_ledtothediscoveryoftwonewelements.

•In1911,MarieCuriereceivedrecognitionforherworkontheelement9.

•MarieandIreneCuriedevelopedX-radiographywhichwasusedasamedical

techniquefor10.

•MarieCuriesawtheimportanceofcollectingradioactivematerialbothfor

researchandforcasesof11.

•TheradioactivematerialstockedinPariscontributedtothediscoveriesinthe

1930softhe12andofwhatwasknownasartificialradioactivity.

•Duringherresearch,MarieCuriewasexposedtoradiationandasaresultshe

sufferedfrom13.

Theirmarriagein1895markedthestartofapartnershipthatwassoontoachieveresults

ofworldsignificance.FollowingHenriBecquerel'sdiscoveryin1896ofanew

phenomenon,whichMarielatercalled'radioactivity\MarieCuriedecidedtofindout

iftheradioactivitydiscoveredinuraniumwastobefoundinotherdements.She

discoveredthatthiswastrueforthorium.

Turningherattentiontominerals,shefoundherinterestdrawntopitchblende,amineral

whoseradioactivity,superiortothatofpureuranium,couldbeexplainedonlybythe

presenceintheoreofsmallquantitiesofanunknownsubstanceofveryhighactivity.

PierreCuriejoinedherintheworkthatshehadundertakentoresolvethisproblem,and

thatledtothediscoveryofthenewelements,poloniumandradium.WhilePierreCurie

devotedhimselfchieflytothephysicalstudyofthenewradiations,MarieCurie

struggledtoobtainpureradiuminthemetallicstate.Thiswasachievedwiththehelp

ofthechemistAndre-LouisDebierne,oneofPierreCurie*spupils.Basedontheresults

ofthisresearch,MarieCuriereceivedherDoctorateofScience,andin1903Marieand

PierresharedwithBecquereltheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryof

radioactivity.

ThebirthsofMarie'stwodaughters,IreneandEve,in1897and1904failedtointerrupt

herscientificwork.ShewasappointedlecturerinphysicsattheEcoleNormale

SuperieureforgirlsinSevres,France(1900),andintroducedamethodofteaching

basedonexperimentaldemonstrations.InDecember1904shewasappointedchief

assistantinthelaboratorydirectedbyPierreCurie.

Thesuddendeathofherhusbandin1906wasabitterblowtoMarieCurie,butwasalso

aturningpointinhercareer:henceforthshewastodevoteallherenergytocompleting

alonethescientificworkthattheyhadundertaken.OnMay13,1906,shewasappointed

totheprofessorshipthathadbeenleftvacantonherhusbandsdeath,becomingthefirst

womantoteachattheSorbonne.In1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizefor

Chemistryfortheisolationofapureformofradium.

DuringWorldWarI,MarieCurie,withthehelpofherdaughterIrene,devotedherself

tothedevelopmentoftheuseofX-radiography,includingthemobileunitswhichcame

tobeknownas'LittleCuries',usedforthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.In1918the

RadiumInstitute,whosestaffIrenehadjoined,begantooperateinearnest,andbecame

acentrefornuclearphysicsandchemistry.MarieCurie,nowatthehighestpointofher

fameand,from1922,amemberoftheAcademyofMedicine,researchedthechemistry

ofradioactivesubstancesandtheirmedicalapplications.

In1921,accompaniedbyhertwodaughters,MarieCuriemadeatriumphantjourneyto

theUnitedStatestoraisefundsforresearchonradium.Womentherepresentedherwith

agrainofradiumforhercampaign:MariealsogavelecturesinBelgium,Brazil,Spain

andCzechoslovakiaand,inaddition,hadthesatisfactionofseeingthedevelopmentof

theCurieFoundationinParis,andtheinaugurationin1932inWarsawoftheRadium

Institute,wherehersisterBroniabecamedirector.

OneofMaricCurie'soutstandingachievementswastohaveunderstoodtheneedto

accumulateintenseradioactivesources,notonlytotreatillnessbutalsotomaintainan

abundantsupplyforresearch.TheexistenceinParisatiheRadiumInstituieofastock

of1.5gramsofradiummadeadecisivecontributiontothesuccessoftheexperiments

undertakenintheyearsaround1930.Thisworkpreparedthewayforthediscoveryof

theneutronbySirJamesChadwickand,aboveall,forthediscoveryin1934byIrene

andFredericJoliot-Curieofartificialradioactivity.Afewmonthsafterthisdiscovery,

MarieCuriediedasaresultofleukaemiacausedbyexposuretoradiation.Shehad

oftencarriedtesttubescontainingradioactiveisotopesinherpocket,remarkingonthe

prettyblue-greenlighttheygaveoff.

C7T1PlLefsGoBats

Questions10-13

Completethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.

10.Longbeforetheinventionofradar,hadresultedinasophisticatedradar-

第二章雅思的句

作业要求：

利用长难句三步法解析以下长难句

1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbe

producedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthat

theywantmost.

2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,

coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividuals

tomaximizetheirincomes,whichtogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhow

resourcesareusedtoproduceit.

3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,

thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllower

thepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlythe

ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherightto

determinethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivate

individual.

5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhich

employersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobe

madeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotional

campaigns.

6.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,from

gasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicesto

consumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

7.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,and

academicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight-issuednewguidelinesfor

tortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombard

themwithalengthylistofpossibleones.

8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepast

threedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheir

specialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,thereby

establishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportat

competitiveprices.

1().Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsof

advertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.

11.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthe

substancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceof

unpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.

12.Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurable

resultstoshowfortheirefforts.

13.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthe

fertilesiltthatfloodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowso

fullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

14.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthe

taskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemis

complicated,time-consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.

15.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsin

disputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotravel

toadistantconferencesite.

16.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainst

theclockproducesatwo-laycrsystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typcsseeminsomeway

betterthantheirBtypefellows.

17.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,

yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"

andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.

18.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleast

forthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofa

nationwidedebateinBritain.

19.ThedebcitewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinion

oftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabout

theCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.

20.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)is

pervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoing

inthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.

第三章雅思的段

作业要求：

1.利用scanning速读技巧完成1-5题

2.利用skimming速读技巧选出6-10题段落中心heading

C6T1PlAUSTRALIA'SSPORTINGSUCCESS

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBER

1.Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists'performanceimproveatthe1996Olympic

Games?

FOfcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying-andmanyhavetried.

Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.Atthe

AtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists*and

rowers*times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Thesamehashappenedtothe'altitudetent',

developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.ButAustralia's

successstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonowno

nationhasreplicateditsall-encompassingsystem.

ISTHEREANYBODYOUTTHERE?

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassage

foreachanswer.

2.WhatisthelifeexpectancyofEarth?

3.Howmanystarsaretheworld'smostpowerfulradiotelescopessearching?

ATheprimaryreasonforthesearchisbasiccuriosity-thesamecuriosityaboutthe

naturalworldthatdrivesallpurescience.Wewanttoknowwhetherwearealoneinthe

Universe.Wcwanttoknowwhetherlifeevolvesnaturallyifgiventherightconditions,

orwhetherthereissomethingveryspecialabouttheEarthtohavefosteredthevariety

oflifeformsthatweseearoundusontheplanet.Thesimpledetectionofaradiosignal

willbesufficienttoanswerthismostbasicofallquestions.Inthissense,SETIis

anothercoginthemachineryofpuresciencewhichiscontinuallypushingoutthe

horizonofourknowledge.However,thereareotherreasonsforbeinginterestedin

whetherlifeexistselsewhere.Forexample,wehavehadcivilisationonEarthfor

perhapsonlyafewthousandyears,andthethreatsofnuclearwarandpollutionover

thelastfewdecadeshavetoldusthatoursurvivalmaybetenuous.Willwelastanother

twothousandyearsorwillwewipeourselvesout?Sincethelifetimeofaplanetlike

oursisseveralbillionyears,wecanexpectthat,ifothercivilisationsdosurviveinour

galaxy,theirageswillrangefromzerotoseveralbillionyears.Thusanyother

civilisationthatwehearfromislikelytobefarolder,onaverage,thanourselves.The

mereexistenceofsuchacivilisationwilltellusthatlong-termsurvivalispossible,and

givesussomecauseforoptimism.Itisevenpossiblethattheoldercivilisationmay

passonthebenefitsoftheirexperienceindealingwiththreatstosurvivalsuchas

nuclearwarandglobalpollution,andotherthreatsthatwehaven'tyetdiscovered.

DAnaliencivilisationcouldchoosemanydifferentwaysofsendinginformation

acrossthegalaxy,butmanyoftheseeitherrequiretoomuchenergy,orelseareseverely

attenuatedwhiletraversingthevastdistancesacrossthegalaxy.Itturnsoutthat,fora

givenamountoftransmittedpower,radiowavesinthefrequencyrange1()0()to300()

MHztravelthegreatestdistance,andsoallsearchestodatehaveconcentratedon

lookingforradiowavesinthisfrequencyrange.Sofartherehavebeenanumberof

searchesbyvariousgroupsaroundtheworld,includingAustraliansearchesusingthe

radiotelescopeatParkes,NewSouthWales.Untilnowtherehavenotbeenany

detectionsfromthefewhundredstarswhichhavebeensearched.Thescaleofthe

searcheshasbeenincreaseddramaticallysince1992,whentheUSCongressvoted

NASA$10millionperyearfbrtenyearstoconductathoroughsearchforextra­

terrestriallife.Muchofthemoneyinthisprojectisbeingspentondevelopingthe

specialhardwareneededtosearchmanyfrequenciesatonce.Theprojecthastwoparts.

Onepartisatargetedsearchusingtheworld'slargestradiotelescopes,theAmerican-

operatedtelescopeinArecibo,PuertoRicoandtheFrenchtelescopeinNancyinFrance.

Thispartoftheprojectissearchingthenearest1000likelystarswithhighsensitivity

forsignalsinthefrequencyrange1000to3000MHz.Theotherpartoftheprojectis

anundirectedsearchwhichismonitoringallofspacewithalowersensitivity,usingthe

smallerantennasofNASA'sDeepSpaceNetwork.

Cl1T3PlTheSto巧oftheSilk

4.550AD:8hidesilkwormeggsincanesandtakethemto

Constantinople

WiththemulberrysilkwormbeingnativetoChina,thecountrywastheworld'ssole

producerofsilkformanyhundredsofyears.Thesecretofsilk-makingeventually

reachedtherestoftheworldviatheByzantineEmpire,whichruledoverthe

MediterraneanregionofsouthernEurope,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastduring

theperiod330-1453AD.Accordingtoanotherlegend,monksworkingforthe

ByzantineemperorJustiniansmuggledsilkwormeggstoConstantinople(Istanbulin

modern-dayTurkey)in550AD,concealedinsidehollowbamboowalkingcanes.The

ByzantineswereassecretiveastheChinese,however,andformanycenturiesthe

weavingandtradingofsilkfabricwasastrictimperialmonopoly.Thenintheseventh

century,theArabsconqueredPersia,capturingtheirmagnificentsilksintheprocess.

SilkproductionthusspreadthroughAfrica,SicilyandSpainastheArabsswept

throughtheselands.AndalusiainsouthernSpainwasEurope'smainsilk-producing

centreinthetenthcentury.Bythethirteenthcentury,however,Italyhadbecome

Europe'sleaderinsilkproductionandexport.Venetianmerchantstradedextensively

insilkandencouragedsilkgrowerstosettleinItaly.Evennow,silkprocessedinthe

provinceofComoinnorthernItalyenjoysanesteemedreputation.

C12T8PlTheHistoryofGlass

ChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.

5.Until476AD:Onlytheknewhowtomakeglass.

Glassblowingbecamethemostcommonwaytomakeglasscontainersfromthefirst

centuryBC.Theglassmadeduringthistimewashighlycolouredduetothe

impuritiesoftherawmaterial.InthefirstcenturyAD,methodsofcreatingcolourless

glassweredeveloped,whichwasthentintedbytheadditionofcolouringmaterials.

ThesecretofglassmakingwastakenacrossEuropebytheRomansduringthis

century.However,theyguardedtheskillsandtechnologyrequiredtomakeglassvery

closely,anditwasnotuntiltheirempirecollapsedin476ADthatglass-making

knowledgebecamewidespreadthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEast.Fromthe

1Othcenturyonwards,theVenetiansgainedareputationfortechnicalskillandartistic

abilityinthemakingofglassbottles,andmanyofthecity'scraftsmenleftItalytoset

upglassworksthroughoutEurope.

CIOT3PlTheContext,MeaningandScopeofTourism

ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsA-Efromthelistofheadingsbelow.

i.Economicandsocialsignificanceoftourism

ii.Thedevelopmentofmasstourism

iii.Travelforthewealthy

iv.Earningforeignexchangethroughtourism

v.Difficultyinrecognisingtheeconomiceffectsoftourism

vi.Thecontributionofairtraveltotourism

vii.Theworldimpactoftourism

viii.Thehistoryoftravel

6.ParagraphA

7.ParagraphB

8.ParagraphC

9.ParagraphD

10.ParagraphE

ATravelhasexistedsincethebeginningoftime,whenprimitivemansetout,often

traversinggreatdistancesinsearchofgame,whichprovidedthefoodandclothing

necessaryforhissurvival.Throughoutthecourseofhistory,peoplehavetravelledfor

purposesoftrade,religiousconviction,economicgain,war,migrationandotherequally

compellingmotivations.IntheRomanera,wealthyaristocratsandhighgovernment

officialsalsotravelledforpleasure.SeasideresortslocatedatPompeiiand

Herculaneumaffordedcitizenstheopportunitytoescapetotheirvacationvillasinorder

toavoidthesummerheatofRome.Travel,exceptduringtheDarkAges,hascontinued

togrowand,throughoutrecordedhistory,hasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentof

civilisationsandtheireconomies.

BTourisminthemassformasweknowittodayisadistinctlytwentieth-century

phenomenon.HistorianssuggestthattheadventofmasstourismbeganinEngland

duringtheindustrialrevolutionwiththeriseofthemiddleclassandtheavailabilityof

relativelyinexpensivetransportation.Thecreationofthecommercialairlineindustry

followingtheSecondWorldWarandthesubsequentdevelopmentofthejetaircraftin

the1950ssignalledtherapidgrowthandexpansionofinternationaltravel.Thisgrowth

ledtothedevelopmentofamajornewindustry:tourism.Inturn,internationaltourism

becametheconcernofanumberofworldgovernmentssinceitnotonlyprovidednew

employmentopportunitiesbutalsoproducedameansofearningforeignexchange.

CTourismtodayhasgrownsignificantlyinbotheconomicandsocialimportance.

Inmostindustrialisedcountriesoverthepastfewyearsthefastestgrowthhasbeenseen

intheareaofservices.Oneofthelargestsegmentsoftheserviceindustry,although

largelyunrecognisedasanentityinsomeofthesecountries,istravelandtourism.

AccordingtotheWorldTravelandTourismCouncil(1992),Travelandtourismisthe

largestindustryintheworldonvirtuallyanyeconomicmeasureincludingvalue-added

capitalinvestment,employmentandtaxcontributions\In1992,theindustry'sgross

outputwasestimatedtobe$3.5trillion,over12percentofallconsumerspending.The

travelandtourismindustryistheworld'slargestemployerwithalmost13()millionjobs,

oralmost7percentofallemployees.Thisindustryistheworld'sleadingindustrial

contributor,producingover6percentoftheworld'sgrossnationalproductand

accountingforcapitalinvestmentinexcessof$422billionindirect,indirectand

personaltaxescadiyear.Thus,tourismhasaprofoundimpactbothontheworld

economyand,becauseoftheeducativeeffectoftravelandtheeffectsonemployment,

onsocietyitself.

DHowever,themajorproblemsofthetravelandtourismindustrythathavehidden,

orobscured,itseconomicimpactarethediversityandfragmentationoftheindustry

itself.Thetravelinduslryincludes:hotels,motelsandothertypesofaccommodation;

restaurantsandotherfoodservices;transportationservicesandfacilities;amusements,

attractionsandotherleisurefacilities;giftshopsandalargenumberofotherenterprises.

Sincemanyofthesebusinessesalsoservelocalresidents,theimpactofspendingby

visitorscaneasilybeoverlookedorunderestimated.Inaddition,Meis(1992)pointsout

thatthetourismindustryinvolvesconceptsthathaveremainedamorphoustoboth

analystsanddecisionmakers.Moreover,inallnationsthisproblemhasmadeitdifficult

fortheindustrytodevelopanytypeofreliableorcredibletourisminformationbasein

ordertoestimatethecontributionitmakestoregional,nationalandglobaleconomics.

However,thenatureofthisverydiversitymakestravelandtourismidealvehiclesfor

economicdevelopmentinawidevarietyofcountries,regionsorcommunities.

EOncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomean

institutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner

(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradefor

manynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,

SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quoting

fromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetraveland

tourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,

France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the

UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,

whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeof

certaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-wide

tourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarise

whenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.

1

基础篇

第一章雅思的词

作业要求：

1.利用三大黄金定位词组合定位

2.划出定位句

3.找出定位句中所有同义替换

4.尝试填空！

CIOT3PlTheContext,MeaningandScopeofTourism

Completethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.

11.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportant.

12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajor.

13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflected

inthemeasurementof.

Oncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomean

institutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner

(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradefor

manynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,

SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quoting

fromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetraveland

tourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,

France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the

UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,

whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeof

certaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-wide

tourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarise

whenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.

2

解析

11.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportantsourceofincome.

定位词：

吸引眼球词：Greece

排他细节词：mostimportant

定位句：

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,

Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.

同义替换：

mostimportant=major

12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajoremployer.

定位词：

吸引眼球词：Jamaica

排他细节词:travelandtourism,major

定位句：

...travelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,

Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,

Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

同义替换：

major=numberoneranked

13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflectedin

themeasurementofdomestictourism.

定位词：

排他细节词：problems,international,reflectin

定位句：

However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffectstatistical