Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词学案-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

选择性必修二Unit1ScienceandScientists主题语境：人与社会—对社会有突出贡献的任务 一、词性转换1.__________vt.使感染；传染→__________n.感染；传染2.__________vt.证明linkv.证明是→__________n.证据；证明；检验3.__________adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→__________v.净化4.__________vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→__________n.转化；转换；变换；变化5.__________n.思想；思维；见解→__________v.认为；思考6.__________n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决→__________v.发现7.__________adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→__________adv.起初8.__________vt.保卫；防守；辩解→__________n.防御；保卫9.__________n.助理；助手→__________vt.帮助；协助；援助→__________n.帮助；协助10.__________adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→__________n.天赋；天分11.__________adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→__________adv.平稳地；持续地12.__________adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→__________adv.生动地 二、重点短语1.最终地；彻底地2.同意；赞同3.幸亏；由于4.(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5.主管；掌管6.患(病)；染上(小病)7.最重要的是；尤其是8.负有责任9.对……有影响10.在某人的领导下三、经典句式1.句型公式：Itseemsthat...看起来似乎……[教材原句p.2]_________________________________________________(那个女人看起来似乎很喜欢从抽水机里取来的水)thatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.2.句型公式：havesthdone[教材原句p.2]Accordingly,he______________________________________(让人把水泵的手柄拆了)sothatitcouldnotbeused.四、单元词汇发散——上串下联1.常见的反义形容词abstract抽象的—concrete具体的positive积极的—negative消极的optimistic乐观的—pessimistic悲观的2.以­ship为后缀的高频名词①scholarship奖学金；学问②friendship友谊③leadership领导地位④relationship关系⑤hardship苦难⑥championship冠军称号3.同根词汇有无定冠词意义不同的短语荟萃①inchargeof主管；看管；负责inthechargeof被掌管②incontrolof控制；管理inthecontrolof被……控制③inpossessionof占有；拥有inthepossessionof被占有五、核心词汇1.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解[记牢](1)defend...from/against...保护……免受……defendoneself为自己辩护；自卫(2)defencen.防御；保卫indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone'sdefence为某人辩护[练透]单句语法填空①Heplannedtolearnkungfuinthesummerholidayssothathecandefendhimselfagainst__________(attack).②Cooperwrotetothejournalimmediately,__________(defend)himself.[写美]一句多译③看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。→Seeingthefiercesnake,herushed__________hissonlikeanarrow.(defend)→Seeingthefiercesnake,herushed__________hissonlikeanarrow.(defence)2.inchargeof主管；掌管[记牢](1)inthechargeof由……来负责；被……掌管takechargeof负责；看管(表动作)freeofcharge免费(2)charge(sb)forsth(向某人)要价……chargesbwith(doing)sth指控某人(做)某事[练透]语境辨义/熟词生义①Theoutstandingscientistisinchargeofhandlingthematter.__________②Iwillchargeyouonehundredyuanforrepairingyourcellphone.__________③Thepolicechargedthethiefwithstealingrawmaterialsinthecompany.__________[写美]微写作(应用文之活动安排)④作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation,Iwasappointedto______________________________________duringyourstayinTianjin.3.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是[记牢]allinall总的说来；总而言之inall全部；合计firstofall首先atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟[练透]用all的相关短语填空①Ifyouwanttoachievesuccess,__________,youmustbestrictwithyourself.②Iwasveryupsettofindoutthathedidn'tlikemygift__________.[写美]微写作(应用文之申请信)③最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。__________,IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,soI______________________________________.4.decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低[记牢](1)decreaseby减少了decrease(from...)to(从……)减少到decreasein在某方面降低(2)onthedecrease在下降；在减少adecreaseinsth某方面的减少/下降[练透]单句语法填空①__________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen__________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.[写美]一句多译③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。→Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals__________.(decreasen.)→Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals__________.(decreasev.)5.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责[记牢](1)blamesbfor(doing)sth为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(2)lay/puttheblameon把……归咎于……[练透]单句语法填空①Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas__________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.②Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant__________themistake,whichwasbeyondexpectations.③Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake__________hisassistant,whichwasbeyondexpectations.[写美]句式升级④Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→_______________________________________________,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词作状语)[用准]betoblame不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。6.句型公式：have＋宾语＋动词­ed形式(短语)[记牢](1)havesthdone让别人做某事havesbdosth让某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态havesthtodo有某事要做(2)can't/couldn'thavesbdoingsth不允许某人做某事(否定句)[练透]单句语法填空①Hehadhishouse__________(burn)downinthefire.②Wecan'thavehim__________(get)awaywithcheatingintheexam；otherwise,hewon'tshouldertheblame.③Attention，please！Ihavesomethingurgent__________(inform)you.[写美]微写作④既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。Nowthatyouhaverealizedthatyourtimeislimited,____________________________________.■一词多义根据语境选出subscribeto的含义。A.同意；赞同B.把……捐赠给……C.订购1.Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.__________2.AmythoughtitwasworthwhiletoreadEnglishnewspaperseverydaysoshesubscribedtothe21stCentury.__________3.Manypeoplesubscribedmoneytotheeducationfund.__________■阅读理解——突破阅读障碍1.熟词生义①(2020·江苏卷)Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.__________②(2020·天津卷)“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull­lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo！”__________■语言运用——强化高频考点1.(2021·全国甲卷)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame__________gettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria，Canada.2.(2021·天津卷)Afterlettinggoofhisangerand__________(frustrate),hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)AfterthatI__________(pour)oilintoapanandturnedonthestove,Iwaitedpatientlyuntiltheoilwashot.■写作——挑战考场佳作1.佳句写作①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能按计划卖掉他的爆米花。(状语从句的省略)_____________________________________________________________________________________②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)多亏了杰克的善良和慷慨，伯纳德才能通过卖爆米花赚钱养家。(thanksto)______________________________________________________________________________________③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现我们的梦想。→______________________________________________________________________________________(suspectthat...)→______________________________________________________________________________________(suspectsbof...)2.长句建构根据下面的拓展图，翻译句子。(2020·天津卷)我们都被这个仪式深深地感动了，我们从仪式上认识到，责任感总是伴随着我们成长的过程。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案一、词性转换1.infect;infection2.prove;proof3.pure;purify4.transform;transformation5.thinking;think6.finding;find7.initial;initially8.defend;defense9.assistant;assist;assistance10.gifted;gift11.steady;steadily12.vivid;vividly二、重点短语1.onceandforall2.subscribeto3.thanksto4.breakout5.inchargeof6.comedown7.aboveall8.betoblame9.haveanimpacton10.underone'sleadership三、经典句式1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuch2.hadthehandleofthepumpremoved五、核心词汇1.①beingattacked②defending③todefend;indefenceof2.①主管②收费③控告④beinchargeof/takechargeofarrangingalltheactivities3.①aboveall②atall③Aboveall;havenodifficultyincomm