2025年GMAT《文本逻辑推理》考试真题(完整版)

2025年GMAT《文本逻辑推理》考试真题(完整版)Question1.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?Thepharmaceuticalcompanyhasrecentlydevelopedanewdrug,Xyloton,designedtotreatchronicmigraines.Inclinicaltrials,Xylotonwasfoundtobesignificantlymoreeffectivethanthecurrentmarketleader,Migrelief.However,thecompany’sboardofdirectorsishesitanttoapprovethemassproductionofXylotonbecause________.A.thecostofproducingXylotonismarginallyhigherthanthatofMigrelief.B.thepatentforMigreliefissettoexpireintwoyears,allowinggenericversionstoenterthemarket.C.somepatientsintheclinicaltrialreportedmildsideeffectssuchasnauseaanddizziness.D.therawmaterialsrequiredtomanufactureXylotonaresourcedfromaregionpronetopoliticalinstability.E.thecompanycurrentlylacksthemanufacturingcapacitytoproduceXylotoninquantitiessufficienttomeetprojecteddemand.Question2.ConsumerAdvocate:Thesafetystandardsforchildren'stoysareregulatedbythegovernment,butthesestandardshavenotbeenupdatedinnearlytwentyyears.Duringthisperiod,toymanufacturershavedevelopednewmaterialsandmanufacturingprocessesthatwerenotcontemplatedwhentheoriginalstandardswerewritten.Therefore,thecurrentsafetystandardsareinadequatetoprotectchildrenfrompotentialharm.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheConsumerAdvocate'sargument?A.Manytoymanufacturersvoluntarilyadheretointernationalsafetystandardsthataremorerigorousthanthegovernment'soutdatedstandards.B.Thecostofupdatingthesafetystandardswouldbepassedontoconsumersintheformofhighertoyprices.C.Thetypesofinjuriessustainedbychildrenplayingwithtoyshaveremainedconsistentoverthepasttwentyyears.D.Newmaterialsandmanufacturingprocessesaregenerallymoredurableandlesstoxicthanthematerialsandprocessesusedtwentyyearsago.E.Thegovernmentagencyresponsibleforregulatingtoyshasabacklogofproposedregulationsawaitingreview.Question3.CityPlanner:Toreducetrafficcongestioninthecitycenter,weproposeimplementingacongestionpricingscheme.Thisschemewouldchargedriversafeetoenterthecitycenterduringpeakhours.Similarschemesinothermajorcitieshaveresultedina15%reductionintrafficvolume.Opponentsarguethatthisschemewilldisproportionatelyaffectlow-incomecommuterswhohavenoalternativebuttodrivetowork.However,thisobjectionismisguidedbecause______.A.therevenuegeneratedfromthecongestionpricingwillbeusedtosubsidizepublictransportation,makingitmoreaffordableandaccessibleforlow-incomeresidents.B.themajorityofdriverswhoenterthecitycenterduringpeakhoursarecommercialvehicles,whichwillbeexemptfromthefee.C.trafficcongestioninthecitycenterhasworsenedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade,necessitatingimmediateaction.D.low-incomecommutersaremorelikelytoworkinthesuburbsratherthaninthecitycenter.E.theproposedfeeisrelativelysmallcomparedtothecostofparkinginthecitycenter.Question4.Archaeologist:Wehavediscoveredasetoftoolsinacavethatwereusedbyearlyhumansforprocessinganimalhides.Thesetoolsaremadefromatypeofstonethatisnotfoundlocally.Thenearestsourceofthisstoneis200kilometersaway.Thissuggeststhattheearlyhumanswhoinhabitedthiscaveeithertraveledtothestonesourcetoobtainthestoneorengagedintradenetworkswithgroupslivingnearthesource.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheArchaeologist'sconclusion?A.Othercavesintheregioncontaintoolsmadeexclusivelyfromlocalstones.B.Thetypeofstonefoundinthecaveishighlydurableandsuitableforshapingtools.C.Animalremainsfoundinthecavesuggestthattheinhabitantshuntedmigratoryherdsthattraveledlongdistances.D.Thegeologicalformationwherethestoneisfoundisknowntohavebeeninhabitedbyotherearlyhumangroupsduringthesameperiod.E.Thetoolsfoundinthecavearemoreadvancedthanthosetypicallyassociatedwithearlyhumansinthisregion.Question5.Economist:Thegovernment'srecenttaxcutsforhigh-incomeearnersareunlikelytostimulatetheeconomysignificantly.Whilehigh-incomeearnershavemoredisposableincome,theytendtosavealargerportionoftheirincomethanlow-incomeearners.Low-incomeearners,bycontrast,aremorelikelytospendanyadditionalincomeimmediatelyongoodsandservices.Therefore,taxcutstargetedatlow-incomeearnerswouldbemoreeffectiveatstimulatingeconomicgrowth.TheEconomist'sargumentdependsonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?A.High-incomeearnerswillnotinvesttheiradditionaldisposableincomeinbusinessesthatcreatejobs.B.Theprimarygoalofthegovernment'staxpolicyistostimulateeconomicgrowthratherthantoreduceincomeinequality.C.Theamountoftaxrevenuelostfromcuttingtaxesforhigh-incomeearnersisroughlyequivalenttotheamountlostfromcuttingtaxesforlow-incomeearners.D.Consumerspendingistheprimarydriverofeconomicgrowthinthecurrenteconomy.E.High-incomeearnerscurrentlypayasignificantlyhigherpercentageoftheirincomeintaxesthanlow-incomeearners.Question6.Astudyofemployeeproductivityinopen-planofficescomparedtoprivateofficesfoundthatemployeesinopen-planofficesreported20%higherlevelsofstressand15%lowerlevelsofproductivity.Theresearchersconcludedthatthelackofprivacyinopen-planofficesisdetrimentaltobothemployeewell-beingandoutput.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostcallsintoquestiontheresearchers'conclusion?A.Companiesthatadoptopen-planofficesoftendosotoreducerealestatecosts,nottoimproveproductivity.B.Employeesinprivateofficestendtobeseniormanagerswhohavefewerdistractionsandmoreautonomythanemployeesinopen-planoffices.C.Thestudydidnotaccountforthetypeofworkbeingperformed,assometasksrequiremoreconcentrationthanothers.D.Open-planofficesoftenfacilitatebettercommunicationandcollaborationamongteammembers.E.Employeeswhohavehigh-stressjobsaremorelikelytorequestprivateofficesifgiventhechoice.Question7.Theintroductionoftheautomated"Robo-Check"systematthebordercrossingwasintendedtospeeduptheprocessingofvehicles.However,sinceitsintroduction,averagewaittimeshaveactuallyincreasedby10%.Thesystemissupposedtoscanvehiclesanddocumentsautomatically,butitfrequentlymalfunctionswhentheweatherisbad,requiringmanualprocessingwhichtakeslongerthanthepreviousmanualsystem.Whichofthefollowingcanbeproperlyinferredfromthestatementsabove?A.TheRobo-Checksystemislessefficientthanthepreviousmanualsysteminallweatherconditions.B.ThefrequencyofbadweathersincetheintroductionofRobo-Checkhasbeenhigherthanthehistoricalaverage.C.IftheRobo-Checksystemdidnotmalfunctioninbadweather,averagewaittimeswoulddecrease.D.TheincreaseinaveragewaittimesisprimarilyduetothemalfunctionsoftheRobo-Checksystem.E.ThecostofmaintainingtheRobo-Checksystemishigherthanthecostofoperatingthepreviousmanualsystem.Question8.MedicalResearcher:AnewvaccineforVirusZhasshowna95%efficacyrateinclinicaltrials.Thismeansthat95%ofvaccinatedindividualsreceiveimmunity,while5%donot.Criticsarguethatthevaccineisnoteffectiveenoughbecauseitdoesnotprovide100%protection.However,thiscriticismisflawed.Evenifonlyaportionofthepopulationisvaccinated,thespreadoftheviruscanbesignificantlyslowedifthevaccinationrateishighenough,aphenomenonknownasherdimmunity.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofthetwoboldfacedportionsintheMedicalResearcher'sargument?A.Thefirstisaclaimthattheresearcherdisputes;thesecondisaconclusionthatsupportstheresearcher'smainposition.B.Thefirstisevidencethatsupportstheresearcher'sposition;thesecondisaconcessiontotheopposingview.C.Thefirstisafactualfinding;thesecondisanexplanationofwhythatfindingunderminesthecritics'position.D.Thefirstisapremiseusedtosupporttheresearcher'sconclusion;thesecondisthatconclusion.E.Thefirstisaninterpretationofdata;thesecondisacounterargumenttothatinterpretation.Question9.InthecountryofVeridia,thedemandforelectricvehicles(EVs)hassurgedoverthepastyear.However,thenumberofEVssoldhasnotincreasedproportionallytothedemand.Analystspointtotwomainfactors:ashortageofsemiconductorchipsrequiredforEVproductionandalackofcharginginfrastructureinruralareas.Whilethechipshortageisaglobalissueaffectingallcarmanufacturers,thelackofcharginginfrastructureisspecifictoVeridia.Ifthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobetrue?A.TheshortageofsemiconductorchipsistheprimaryreasonfortheshortfallinEVsalesinVeridia.B.IfVeridiaweretosolveitscharginginfrastructureproblem,EVsaleswouldimmediatelyrisetomeetdemand.C.TheglobalshortageofsemiconductorchipsisaffectingVeridia'scarmanufacturersmorethanmanufacturersinothercountries.D.Evenifthesemiconductorshortagewereresolved,EVsalesinVeridiamightstillnotmeetdemandduetothelackofcharginginfrastructure.E.ThedemandforEVsinruralVeridiaislowerthanthedemandinurbanareas.Question10.Companyspokesperson:Wehavedecidedtodiscontinueourlineoforganiccleaningproducts.Althoughtheseproductsarepopularamonganichegroupofenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers,theyaresignificantlymoreexpensivetoproducethanourstandardcleaningproducts.Consequently,ourprofitmarginontheorganiclineisonly5%,comparedto15%forthestandardline.Bydiscontinuingtheorganicline,wecanfocusourresourcesonthemoreprofitablestandardlineandincreaseoverallcompanyprofitability.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakensthespokesperson'sargument?A.Theproductionoforganiccleaningproductsgeneratespositivepublicityforthecompany,enhancingthesalesofitsstandardproducts.B.Thecostofrawmaterialsfororganiccleaningproductsisexpectedtodecreaseinthenearfuture.C.Customerswhobuyorganiccleaningproductstendtobuyotherproductsfromthecompanyaswell.D.Themarketfororganiccleaningproductsisgrowingatafasterratethanthemarketforstandardcleaningproducts.E.Thecompany'scompetitorsareplanningtoexpandtheirlinesoforganiccleaningproducts.Question11.Environmentalist:Theuseofplasticstrawsshouldbebannedtoreduceoceanpollution.Plasticstrawsareoneofthemostcommonitemsfoundduringbeachcleanups,andtheyposeasignificantthreattomarinelife.Opponentsofthebanarguethatplasticstrawsaccountforatinyfractionofthetotalplasticwasteenteringtheoceans,sobanningthemwouldhaveanegligibleimpact.Thisobjectionmissesthepointbecause______.A.banningplasticstrawswouldsendastrongmessageabouttheneedtoreducesingle-useplasticsingeneral.B.therearebiodegradablealternativestoplasticstrawsthatarereadilyavailableandaffordable.C.theenvironmentaldamagecausedbyplasticstrawsisdisproportionatetotheirvolume.D.thecostofcleaningupplasticstrawsfrombeachesisbornebylocalgovernments.E.plasticstrawsarerarelyrecycledduetotheirsmallsizeandflexibility.Question12.AstudyofdietaryhabitsfoundthatpeoplewhoeataMediterraneandietrichinoliveoil,nuts,andfishhavealowerincidenceofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoeatatypicalWesterndiethighinredmeatandprocessedfoods.TheresearchersconcludedthattheMediterraneandietreducestheriskofheartdisease.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheresearchers'conclusion?A.PeoplewhofollowaMediterraneandietarealsomorelikelytoexerciseregularlyandmaintainahealthyweight.B.TheincidenceofheartdiseaseislowerincountriesborderingtheMediterraneanSeathaninNorthernEuropeancountries.C.WhenindividualsswitchfromaWesterndiettoaMediterraneandiet,theircholesterollevelsdecreasesignificantly.D.Geneticfactorsplayasignificantroleindetermininganindividual'sriskofheartdisease.E.ThecostoftheingredientsforaMediterraneandietishigherthanthatforaWesterndiet.Question13.TechGiant:Wehaveacquiredasmallstartupthatspecializesinartificialintelligence(AI)forlanguageprocessing.Weplantointegratethestartup'stechnologyintoourownvirtualassistant.CriticsworrythatthisacquisitionwillstifleinnovationinthefieldbecauseTechGiantisknownforaggressivelyprotectingitsintellectualpropertyandeliminatingcompetition.However,theseconcernsareunfounded.Thestartup'stechnologywillbemadeavailabletothird-partydevelopersthroughanopenAPI,allowingthemtobuildnewapplicationsontopofit.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheTechGiant'srebuttal?A.TheopenAPIwillhaveusagelimitsthatpreventthird-partydevelopersfromcreatingcommercialapplicationsthatcompetewithTechGiant'svirtualassistant.B.Thestartup'sfoundershaveleftthecompanyfollowingtheacquisition.C.OthertechgiantsarealsoacquiringAIstartupsspecializinginlanguageprocessing.D.ThefieldofAIforlanguageprocessingishighlycompetitive,withmanystartupsdevelopingsimilartechnologies.E.TheTechGiant'svirtualassistantcurrentlyholdsadominantmarketshare.Question14.Historian:ThedeclineoftheancientcivilizationofZephyriawasnotcausedbyasuddeninvasion,aspreviouslybelieved,butbyagradualecologicaldisaster.Evidenceshowsthattheregionexperiencedaprolongeddroughtthatlastedfordecades.Thisdroughtwouldhavedevastatedagriculture,leadingtofoodshortagesandsocialcollapse.Furthermore,thereisnoarchaeologicalevidenceofwarfareordestructioninthecapitalcityduringtheperiodinquestion.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheHistorian'sargument?A.TheneighboringcivilizationofThracewasknowntohaveapowerfularmyduringtheperiodofZephyria'sdecline.B.OraltraditionsfromtheregiondescribeagreatwarthatoccurredaroundthetimeofZephyria'sdecline.C.Thedroughtaffectedtheentireregion,includingneighboringcivilizationsthatdidnotcollapse.D.ArchaeologicalevidenceshowsthattheZephyrianschangedtheirfarmingpracticestoadapttodrierconditionsbeforethecollapse.E.ThecapitalcityofZephyriawasabandonedgraduallyratherthanbeingdestroyedsuddenly.Question15.FinancialAdvisor:Investorsshoulddiversifytheirportfoliostomitigaterisk.Puttingallyourmoneyintoasinglestockisdangerousbecauseifthatcompanyfails,youloseeverything.Byspreadinginvestmentsacrossdifferentassetclasses,suchasstocks,bonds,andrealestate,youreducetheimpactofanysingleinvestmentperformingpoorly.TheFinancialAdvisor'sargumentismostvulnerabletocriticismonthegroundsthatit:A.assumesthattheperformanceofdifferentassetclassesisnotperfectlycorrelated.B.failstoconsiderthatdiversificationcanalsolimitpotentialreturns.C.doesnotprovidespecificexamplesofassetclassesthatinvestorsshouldchoose.D.ignoresthefactthatsomeinvestorshaveinsideinformationthatmakessingle-stockinvestmentssafe.E.assumesthatallinvestorshavethesamerisktolerance.Question16.Duringthelastfiscalyear,thecity'sbudgetforroadmaintenancewascutby10%.Despitethiscut,thenumberofpotholesrepairedactuallyincreasedby5%.Cityofficialsattributethisincreasetotheimplementationofanew,moreefficientasphaltrepairmaterialthatcuresfasterandrequireslessmanpowerperrepair.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostsupportsthecityofficials'attribution?A.Thecostofthenewasphaltmaterialis20%higherthanthecostoftheoldmaterial.B.Thenumberofpotholesreportedbycitizensincreasedby15%duringthelastfiscalyear.C.Intheneighboringcity,whichdidnotusethenewmaterial,roadrepairsdecreasedfollowingasimilarbudgetcut.D.Thecityalsoreducedtheadministrativestaffintheroadmaintenancedepartment.E.Thenewasphaltmaterialhasalongerlifespanthantheoldmaterial.Question17.Psychologist:Theuseofsocialmediahasbeenlinkedtoincreasedratesofanxietyanddepressionamongteenagers.Arecentstudyfoundthatteenagerswhospendmorethanthreehoursadayonsocialmediaaresignificantlymorelikelytoreportsymptomsofmentalhealthissuesthanthosewhospendlessthananhour.However,itisunclearwhethersocialmediausecausestheseissuesorifteenagerswithmentalhealthissuesaremorelikelytousesocialmediaasacopingmechanism.Whichofthefollowinginvestigationswouldbemostusefulfordeterminingthedirectionofcausality?A.Comparingthementalhealthofteenagerswhousesocialmediaprimarilyforentertainmentversusthosewhouseitprimarilyforcommunication.B.Conductingalong-termstudythattracksthementalhealthofteenagersbeforeandaftertheyincreasetheirsocialmediause.C.Analyzingthecontentofthesocialmediapostsofteenagerswithmentalhealthissues.D.Surveyingparentsabouttheirperceptionsoftheirchildren'ssocialmediauseandmentalhealth.E.Examiningdifferencesinsocialmediausagepatternsacrossdifferentcultures.Question18.The"Fly-High"airlinehasintroducedanewloyaltyprogramwherepassengersearnpointsbasedonthedistanceflown.Thesepointscanberedeemedforfreeflights.TheairlineclaimsthatthisprogramwillincreasecustomerretentionbecausepassengerswillbeincentivizedtoaccumulatepointsonFly-Highratherthanswitchingtocompetitors.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheairline'sclaim?A.MostofFly-High'scompetitorsalreadyhavesimilarloyaltyprogramswithcomparablebenefits.B.Thenumberofpointsrequiredforafreeflightissohighthatmostpassengerswillneverearnenoughforareward.C.ThepriceofticketsonFly-Highisgenerallyhigherthanthepriceofticketsonitscompetitors.D.Passengersoftenchooseairlinesbasedonflightschedulesandroutesratherthanloyaltyprograms.E.Theloyaltyprogramisonlyavailabletopassengerswhopayfullfareforeconomytickets,excludingdiscountfares.***答案及解析1.答案：E解析：这是一个“完成句子”类型的题目，需要找到一个最能解释董事会犹豫不决的理由。A项：成本略高并不是一个强有力的阻碍因素，尤其是当药物疗效更好时，可以通过定价策略解决。B项：竞品专利即将到期，这反而可能让董事会更急于推出新药以抢占市场。C项：轻微的副作用在临床试验中很常见，通常不足以阻止批准，除非副作用非常严重。D项：原材料来源的政治不稳定是一个风险因素，但通常可以通过寻找替代来源或库存来解决。E项：正确。如果公司缺乏生产能力以满足预期需求，那么即使批准生产，也无法实现商业化，或者会导致严重的违约/供不应求的问题。这是一个非常实际的运营障碍，直接关系到产品能否成功上市。因此，这是最合理的犹豫理由。2.答案：A解析：这是一个“削弱”题。消费者权益倡导者的论点是：因为标准20年未更新，且新材料/工艺未被考虑，所以现行标准不足以保护儿童。A项：正确。如果许多制造商自愿遵守比政府标准更严格的国际标准，那么即使政府标准过时，儿童依然受到保护。这直接攻击了“标准不足”这一结论，指出实际执行标准可能并不低。B项：更新标准的成本与安全标准是否充足无关，属于无关选项。C项：受伤类型一致并不能证明现行标准是充足的，只能说明伤害的性质没变，可能是因为标准没变导致伤害一直存在。D项：新材料更耐用/低毒，这反而可能在某种程度上支持了标准可能不需要更新，或者削弱了“新材料带来新风险”的隐含前提。但相比于A项直接指出有替代方案保护儿童，A项的削弱力度更强，因为它直接切断了“标准过时”与“儿童受威胁”之间的联系。E项：积压问题解释了为什么没更新，但没有评价现行标准是否足以保护儿童。3.答案：A解析：这是一个“完成句子”题，旨在反驳反对者的观点。反对者认为该方案不成比例地影响低收入通勤者。A项：正确。如果收费收入被用于补贴公共交通，使得低收入者能更便宜地使用公共交通，那么他们就不必“别无选择只能开车”。这直接解决了反对者提出的核心困境。B项：如果商用车辆豁免，这并没有解决低收入通勤者的问题，除非低收入者不开商用车辆。C项：拥堵恶化需要行动，这支持了方案本身，但没有回应关于低收入者的具体反对意见。D项：如果低收入者不在市中心工作，他们就不受影响。但这假设了低收入者的分布，且如果有的低收入者确实在市中心工作，这项就无法反驳。E项：费用小并不意味着不成比例，对于低收入者来说，任何额外费用都可能构成负担。4.答案：D解析：这是一个“加强”题。考古学家的结论是：早期人类要么去石头产地，要么进行贸易。A项：其他洞穴用本地石头，这暗示了这个洞穴是特殊的，但这并不直接支持“贸易或旅行”的结论，甚至可能暗示他们没法弄到外地石头所以通常用本地石头，反而削弱了他们有能力获取外地石头的观点。B项：石头的特性解释了为什么用它，但没有解释它是怎么到洞穴的。C项：狩猎迁徙动物解释了人类的移动，这支持了“旅行”这一假设，是一个可能的加强项。D项：正确。如果产地同时期也有其他人类群体居住，这就为“贸易”提供了客观的可能性。如果产地没人住，贸易就不可能发生。因此，这为结论的一半（贸易）提供了必要条件支持。E项：工具更先进，与石头来源无关。5.答案：D解析：这是一个“假设”题。经济学家的逻辑是：高收入者存钱多（不消费），低收入者花钱多（消费），所以给低收入者减税更能刺激经济增长。A项：不需要假设高收入者不投资。投资也是刺激经济的一种方式。经济学家强调的是“消费”更有效，而不是说“投资”无效。B项：不需要假设政府目标是增长而非平等。即使目标是平等，关于刺激增长效果的逻辑依然成立。C项：不需要假设税收损失金额相同。我们讨论的是减税的“效率”（每减1块钱税能带来多少增长），而不是“总量”。D项：正确。这是一个必要的桥梁。如果经济增长主要不是由消费驱动的（例如主要由出口或政府支出驱动），那么低收入者多消费也不一定能最有效地刺激经济。E项：税率高低与边际消费倾向的逻辑无关。6.答案：B解析：这是一个“削弱”题。研究发现开放式办公室导致压力高、生产力低，结论是缺乏隐私导致了这些问题。A项：公司的动机（省钱）与结果（生产力）无关。B项：正确。这指出了样本选择偏差或混杂变量。私人办公室里的是高级经理，他们本身干扰少、自主权高。因此，压力低和生产力高可能是因为职位高低，而不是因为办公室类型。这严重动摇了因果关系的结论。C项：没考虑工作类型，这削弱了研究的严谨性，但B项提供了一个更具体的替代解释（职位级别），削弱力度更强。D项：开放式办公室促进沟通，这是开放式办公室的优点，但没有反驳它导致压力高和生产力低的事实。E项：这是因果倒置的可能性（压力大的人选择私人办公室），也削弱了结论。但通常研究中人们是被分配办公室的，不是自选的。相比之下，B项指出的系统性差异（职位）是更致命的缺陷。7.答案：D解析：这是一个“推论”题。题干指出：Robo-Check旨在加速，但实际上平均等待时间增加了10%。原因是在坏天气下它频繁故障，导致人工处理比以前的人工系统更慢。A项：推不出。只在坏天气下效率低，好天气下可能更快。B项：推不出。也许只是运气不好碰上几天坏天气就拉高了平均值，不一定是频率高于历史平均。C项：这是假设，不是推论。也许即使不坏天气，它也很慢。D项：正确。题干明确指出故障导致的人工处理比以前更慢，且这是导致平均时间增加的原因（隐含在因果解释中）。既然目的是提速但结果变慢，且给出的唯一原因是故障，那么可以推断故障是主要原因。E项：推不出。题干只提到了等待时间，没提到维护成本。8.答案：A解析：这是一个“黑体字”题。第一个黑体字：“Criticsarguethatthevaccineisnoteffectiveenoughbecauseitdoesnotprovide100%protection.”这是批评者的观点，研究人员随后反驳了它。第二个黑体字：“Evenifonlyaportionofthepopulationisvaccinated,thespreadoftheviruscanbesignificantlyslowed...”这是研究人员用来反驳批评者的论据/解释，支持“群体免疫”这一观点，进而支持疫苗有效的结论。A项：正确。第一个是研究人员质疑的观点，第二个是支持研究人员立场的结论（或解释性结论）。B项：第一个不是支持研究人员的证据。C项：第二个不是解释为什么第一个发现削弱批评者，而是直接反驳批评者的逻辑。D项：第一个不是支持结论的前提。E项：第二个不是对第一个的反对解释，而是利用群体免疫的概念来反驳“非100%即无效”的逻辑。9.答案：D解析：这是一个“Mustbetrue”题。题干逻辑：EV需求激增，但销量没跟上。原因有两个：1.全球芯片短缺；2.Veridia缺乏充电设施。A项：推不出。可能两个原因都很重要，或者充电设施是主要原因。B项：推不出。即使解决了充电问题，如果芯片短缺，产量依然上不去。C项：推不出。没有比较信息。D项：正确。因为有两个限制因素（芯片和设施），即使解决了一个（芯片），另一个（设施）依然存在，所以销量可能依然无法满足需求。E项：推不出。缺乏农村需求可能是设施差的结果，或者反过来，但题干没给足够信息。10.答案：A解析：这是一个“削弱”题。公司认为：有机产品利润率低（5%vs15%），砍掉它们能提高整体盈利。A项：正确。如果有机产品能带来正面宣传，从而促进标准产品的销售，那么砍掉有机产品可能会导致标准产品销量下降，从而降低整体利润。这指出了有机产品的间接战略