高中英语语法专练 第十章 虚拟语气

第十章虚拟语气i.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法主/从句时间条件从句主句过去had十过去分词would

(should/

could/

might)

have+过去分词现在过去式(be用were)would

(should/could/

might)

十动词原形.将来过去式should/wereto+动词原形would

(should/

could/

might)

十动词原形

1.虚拟语气用于if条件句中,主、从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。

2.虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中,主、从句动作发生的时间不一致,这时主、从句动词的

形式应根据句意或时间来调整,选用适当的虚拟形式。

3.如果条件句中包含有一个助动词情态动词、动词be或have,有时可以把if省略掉,但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。4.表示“若不是"之意时，可以用如下两种句型:

Ifitweren'tfor..=butfor...意为“若不是(对现在情况的假设)”。

Ifithadn'tbeenfor..=butfor...意为“当时若不是(对过去情况的假设)”。

5.在含蓄条件句中，可以用有些介词(

with,without,butfor)、

连词(or,otherwise,but,however)、不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。专项练习()1.Mr.Brown_______ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.boughtD.hasbought()2.ButforJohn,we_______thematchlastweek.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost()3.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he_______asleepsoquickly.willnothavefallenB.willnotfallC.wouldnothavefallenD.hadnotfallen()4.TheSmiths_______alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.haveD.havehad()5.Ifyoulearnedtoswim,you_______saferinthewater.A.willfeelB.feltC.wouldfeelD.feel()6.It_______agoodmatchifitA.wouldhavebeen;hadn'trainedB.willbe;hadn'trainedC.wouldhavebeen;shouldn'trainD.willhavebeen;didn'train()7.IfMother_______youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.hasknownB.willknowC.hadknownD.wouldknow()8.Peter_______arichmantodayifhe_______morecarefulinthepast.A.is;hadbeenB.was;wereC.Willbe;shouldbeD.wouldbe;hadbeen()9.IfIweretodothiswork,I_______itinmyownway.woulddoB.doC.willdoD.did()10.Iftheplanecrashed,we_______.wouldallkillB.willallbekilledC.wouldallhavebeenkilledD.wouldallbekilled()11._______morecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.A.IfshelistenedB.IfshelistensC.IfshehaslistenedD.Hadshelistened()12.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he_______ascientistnow,willbeB.isC.hasbeenD.wouldbe()13._______,wewouldhavevisitedthemuseumthen.IfitdoesnotrainB.ShoulditnotrainC.HaditnotrainedD.Ifithasnotrained()14.Shoulditstopraining,I_______forawalk.hadgoneB.wentC.wouldhavegoneD.wouldgo()15.hetryagain,hemightbesuccessful.A.CouldB.MightC,MustD.Should()16.Iftheteacherhadn'texplainedittome,I_______theproblemsowell.A.wouldneverbeunderstoodB.hadneverunderstoodC.wouldneverhaveunderstoodD.willneverhaveunderstood()17.--Whydidn'tyoubuythatdictionary?--I_______ifIhadhadenoughmoney.wouldB.wouldhaveC.haveboughtD.hadbought()18.IfJanehadn'tmissedtheearlytrain,she_______ontime,butshewaslate.willarriveB.wouldarriveC.wouldhavearrivedD.hadarrived()19._______,hewouldbesurprised,WereTomtoseeyouB.WereTomseeyouC.IfTomistoseeyouD.IfTomhasseenyou()20.Butforyourhelp,I._______theplace.can'tfindB.canthavefoundC.couldn'thavefoundD.haven'tfound()21._______Iknownheneededmoneysobadly,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.A.UnlessB.WhenC.IfD.Had()22.______，Iwouldn'tdothat.A.If1aminyourplaceB.WereIinyourplaceC.IfIhavebeeninyourplaceD.If1amtobeinyourplace()23._______，Ishouldpainttheroomwhite.If1havebeenyouB.IfIwouldbeyouC.IfIwillbeyouD.IfIwereyou()24.Ifyouwereofferedatriptothemoon,_______you_______it?will;acceptB.are;goingtoacceptC.do;acceptD.would;accept()25.--Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?--I_______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.hadB.wouldhaveC.wasgoingtoD.BorCii.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在表示一“坚持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),三"建议"(suggest,propose,advise),四“要求"(ask,require,request,demand)等动词的宾语从句中表示虚拟，其从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”。2.注意:1)在这些从句中,通常不省略that。2)suggest作“暗示,表明”讲时,insist作“坚持认为”讲时,后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。专项练习()1.Myunclesuggestedthat______gotB.wouldC.shouldgetD.mustget()2.Theyinsistedthatameeting______assoonaspossible.A.beheldB.washeldC.mustbeheldD.hold()3.Sheranasifshe______wingsonherfeet.hadB.hasC.hashadD.ishaving()4.I'dratheryou______that.don'tB.won'tdoC.hadn'tdoneD.haven'tdone()5.Iwishthetrain______solate;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.A.hadn'tarrivedB.didn'tarriveC.wouldn'tarrivedD.mustn'tarriveiii.虚拟语气用于同位语从句和表语从句中1.在表示建议要求、命令、遗憾、主张、怀疑、惊奇等词的同位语从句中和表语从句中,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。2.常见的这类名词有suggestion,order，advice,idea,plan,pity，proposal等。3.常见的这类形容词有necessary,essential,strange，natural,urgent,funny,important等。4.以动词的过去分词充当的这类形容词有suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,decided,recommended等。5.在It's(high)timethat...句式中，用过去式或shoulddo表示;should不能省略。专项练习()1.Itisessentialthateverychild______thesameeducationalopportunities.A.hasB.couldhaveC.haveD.had()2.Theworkersareworkinghardtomeettherequestthattherailway______totrafficonMay1.isopenB.willbeopenc.beopenD.mustopen()3.lt'snecessarythatastudent______Englishwell.A.learnsB.learnC.mustlearnD.learned()4.Theteachermadeasuggestionthatstudents______moreopportunitiestopractiseoralEnglish.weregivenB.hadbeengivenC.shouldgiveD.begiven()5.It'snecessarythatthestudents______takenotesinclass.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.areto()6.WeareallforMary'ssuggestionthatthediscussion______.isputoffB.putsoffC.tobeputoffD.beputoff()7.Itistheteacher'ssuggestionthateverystudent______anEnglishdictionary.hasB.haveC.hadD.having()8.Hegaveordersthattheprisoners______free.aresetB.weresetC.setD.beset()9.Ithinkit'shightimeyou______action.takeB.tookC.aretakingD.willtake()10.Itistime______.A.wegotobedB.hegoestobedc.wewenttobedD.hegotobediv.wish从句中的虚拟语气1...wishthat..haddone表示过去。2...wishthat..did/were表示现在。3...wishthat..weredoing表示现在正在进行。4...wishthat...wereto/should/could/might/would+do表示将来。专项练习()1.Iwishshe.______toseemyparentsmoreoften.A.hascomeB.iscomingC.willcomeD.wouldcome()2.Sheoftenwishesthatshe______ahorse..A.canrodeB.canrideC.couldrodeD.couldride()3.HowIwishI______auniversitystudentand______atuniversitynow!am;studyB.were;werestudyingC.was;studyD.were;studied()4.Iwishthetrain______already;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.A.hadarrivedB.arrivesC.wouldarriveD.arrived()5.-Isyourfatheramodelworker?-No,buthowhewisheshe______.amB.hadbeenC.wereD.was()6.IwishI______torepairthebike,forIonlymadeitworse.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.triedD.didn'ttry()7.Hishairisverylong,Hisparentswishhe______itcut.willhaveB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave()8.ltistoonoisy.Iwishyou______downtheradioatonce,willB.wouldturnc.aretoturnD.canturn()9.IwishI______themeetinglastweek.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.hadattended()10.-HaveyoubeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI______.A.haveB.willC.doD.hadv.Ifonly..！和asif/asthough引出的从句中虚拟语气的用法1.Ifonly..haddone表示过去。2.Ifonly..didwere表示现在。3.Ifonly..were/was+doing表示现在进行。4.Ifonly..wereto/could/would/mightcould+动词原型，表示将来。5...as.if..haddone表示过去。6...asif..did/were表示现在。7...as...if..weredoing表示现在进行。8.asif引导的从句有时用陈述语气,表示有根据的推测。9...wereto/could/would/might/should+动词原形,表示将来。专项练习()1.Ifonly______speakFrenchnow!A.CouldB.canC.mayD.might()2.Ifonlyhe______thedoctor'sadvice!FollowedB.hadfollowedC.followsD.follow()3.Ifonlyit______now.issnowingB.SnowsC.snowedD.weresnowing()4.Helookedasifhe______himselfforyears.hasn'twashedB.doesn'twashC.wouldn'twashD.hadn’twashed()5.Johntalkedasifhe______alltheworkhimself,butinfactHarryandLilydidmostofit.A.DidB.haddoneC.hasdoneD.dovi.在wouldrather/prefer/sooner和butthat后引出从句时虚拟语的用法1.wouldrather/refer/sooner..were/did表示将来。2.wouldrather/prefer/sooner..haddone表示过去。3.butthat表达“若不....之.意引出从句时,主句要用虚拟语气:wouldhavedone表示过去;woulddo表示现在或将来;wouldbedoing表示现在进行。4.在lest,forfearthat,incase引出的从句中,用“(should)+动词原形”,表达“为了不……以免……”之意时,从句用“should+动词原型"的虚拟语气,should可以省略。5.表达祝愿的句型有:1)省略主语,动词用原形。2)May+主语+动词原形。6.otherwise或or(否则,不然)所引导的从句中常用虚拟语气。专项练习()1.I'dratheryou______that.Don’tB.won'tdoC.hadn'tdoneD.haven'tdone()2.I'drathermyson______touniversityrightnow.goB.wentC.willgoD.goes()3.I_______youmuchmoney,butthatI______youlackedmoneythen.couldlend;didn'tknowB.couldhavelent;don'tknowC.couldhavelent;didn'tknowD.wouldhavelent;don’tknow()4.Hereisashillingincaseyou______it.shouldneedB.mightneedC.needD.AorB()5.______thereneverbeanotherworldwar!CanB.MayC.MustD.Will()6.______prosperousandstrong!LetyourcountrybecomeB.HopeyourcountrybecomeC.MayyourcountrybecomeD.Yourcountryitbecoming()7.Theymusthavelikedtheapartmentotherwisethey______solong.wouldn'thavestayedB.wouldn'tstayC.didn'tstayD.won'tstay()8.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he______tothemeeting.wouldcomeB.cameC.shouldcomeD.wouldhavecome()9.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion;otherwise,she______somethingshewouldregretlater.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid()10.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,orhe______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored综合练习用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。1.IwishI______(be)ayoungmanagain.2.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn______(take)nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.3.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI______(have)notime.4.Heinsistedthatweall______(be)inhisofficeatoneo'clock.5.-Helencouldn'tgotoFranceafterall,-That'stoobad,I'msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditifshe______(go).Ifherhusbandhadnotlikedthedressshe______(return)it.7.ButfortheleadershipofourParty,we______(notsucceed).8.Ifyouhadn'tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,you______(meet)Johnalready.9.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent______(make)aplanforthevacation.10.Frankly,l'dratheryou______(notdo)anythingaboutitforthetimebeing,11.lt'shightimeyou______(start)towork.12.Werequiredthatthemachineparts______(make)ofcastiron.13.Iwishourteacher______(notgo)togiveanothertest.Ihaven'tgotpreparedyet.14.Itisrequiredthatthemachine______(oil)asfrequentlyasnecessary.15.HisEnglishteacher'srecommendationisthathe______(begin)aregulardegreeprogram.16.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______(make)intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?17.Thedoctor'sadviceisthatthepatient______(nottell)abouthisrealphysicalcondition.18.Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we______(get)muchbetterresults.19.Sallycan'thavewrittentome,orI______(get)theletterbynow.20.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.21.Ifmycar_______(be)morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.22.We______(face)thedifficultytogether,bu