高中英语语法专练 第五章 动词的时态和语态

第五章动词的时态和语态Ⅰ.动态的时态一般现在时

1.主要用来表示人和事物的现在状况和特点。

2.表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,

always,

from

time

to

time等时间状语)。3.表示客观规律和永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。4.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替-

-般将来时;常用的引导词有:

表示时间:

when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,everytime等。

表示条件:if,

unless,

as/so

long

as

5.在“make

sure

(certain)e

to

it/

mind/care/

matter

+宾语从句”,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

6.在the

more

...

the

more

........（越……越……）句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。

ii.现在进行时

1.表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动。

2.与表示感情色彩、加强语气与频率的副词如always,

constantly,

continually,

again

等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。

3.在时间状语或条件状语从句中,表示将来正在进行的动作。

4.表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。专项练习()1.Lifelikeaboxofchocolate;youneverknowwhatyouget.A.isgoingtobe;willB.is;aregoingtoC.willbe;aretoD.hasbeen;areaboutto()2.Youthingsabout.Look,whatamessinyourroom!werealwaysthrowingB.arealwaysthrowingC.alwaysthrowD.alwaysthrew()3.OnMondaymorningsitusuallymeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles,willtakeB.istakingC.tookD.takes()4.Ifitaninterestingfilm,we'llseeittomorrow.willbeiB.isgoingtobeC.isD.istobe()5.Thatpieceofmusicsoundsquitefamiliar.Whothepianoupstairs?A.playsB.isplayingC.playedD.wasplayingi.现在完成时1.表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。2.现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:for+时间段;since+时间点。3.常见的不确定的时间状语有lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays等。4.在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”的句子中，谓语动词用现在完成时。如inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days,overthepastfewyears,duringthethreemonths,forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies,throughouthistory等。5.表示“第几次做某事”,或在“Itisthebest(worst,most、interesting)+名词+that"后面跟现在完成时。专项练习()1.Thepricerecently,butIdoubtitwillremainso.hasincreasedB.increasedC.increasesD.isincreasing()2.Nowthatyoufromabroad,whatareyougoingtodo?A.returnedB.returnC.havereturnedD.havebeenreturning()3.Thesmallcountrysincethe1880s.hascomeintoexistenceB.hasbeeninexistenceC.hasbeenexistedD.hasbeguntoexist()4.Heforquitealongtime.A.hascomehereB.hasn'tcomehereC.hasleftforAmericaD.hasreceivedmye-mail()5.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandbadmintonclassesstwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.hadtakenC.hastakenD.hadbeentakingiv.一般过去时1.表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。2.常跟表示明确的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,in1945,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when等。3.usedtodo表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形,注意与beusedtodoing(习惯于做某事)的区别。4.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。v.过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。vi.过去完成时1.表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用，如before,after,by,uptill等。2.用于hardly/scarcely..when,nosooner...than句型中,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。3.表示“第几次做某事",主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。4.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。专项练习()1.I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyoutheotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?A.hadadvertisedB.advertisedC.hasadvertisedD.advertise()2.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,heitforaverylongtime.hashadB.hadC.hasD.hadhad()3.--DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?--Sorry.Iatextmessagejustnow.answeredB.haveansweredC.wasansweringD.hadanswered()4.-HasTomfinishedhiscompositionyet?-Ihavenoidea;heitthismorning.A.wroteB.haswrittenC.waswritingD.hadwritten()5.MyunclewenttoCanada2yearsago.HethereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.wouldworkB.hadworkedC.hasworkedD.worked()6.Theyear2010remarkablechangesinShanghai'slandscape.hasseenB.hadseenC.sawD.wasseeing()7.IfirstmetLisa3yearsago.Sheataradioshopatthattime.workedB.hadbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.hadworked()8.Wetobeabletoarrivebeforesix,butwewerecaughtinaheavytrafficjam.A.hopedB.hadhopedC.hashopedD.hadbeenhopingvi.一般将来时1.表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,nextyears,in2088等表示将来的时间状语连用。2.一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中,主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代-一般将来时。3.某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。4.“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。5.“begoingto+动词原形"表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“"beaboutto+动词原形"表示按照预订计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。"beto+动词原形"表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。vii.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。ix.将来完成时1.表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,常用“by+将来的时间”作时间状语，如bytheendofthisyear,by8o'clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime..before或when等引导的状语从句。2.在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时的含义则由现在完成时的形式表现出来。专项练习()1.-DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?--Oh,no,Iforgot.Ihernow.calledB.willcallC.amcallingD.wascalling()2.Hehisofficewhenthetelephonerang.A.leftB.wouldleaveC.wasleavingD.hasleft()3.Iwouldn'tbeabletoattendyourbirthdaypartyateighto'clocktomorroweveningbecauseItoAmericaatthattime.willflyB.willbeflyingC.amflyingD.fly()4.Tomclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.wastoB.waslikelytoC.wasduetoD.wasaboutto()5.Bythetimeyouarebackthisevening,Iallthework.willdoB.willbedoingC.willhavedoneD.amgoingtodo()6.Theconferenceafullweekbythetimeitends.musthavelastedB.shouldhavelastedC.wouldhavelastedD.willhavelastedx.现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。专项练习()1.-Haveyouthoughtofatopicforyourarticleyet?--No,Ialotaboutit,butIhaven'tdecided.havethoughtB.havebeenthinkingC.hadthoughtD.thought()2.Youknow,Iforajobfor3months,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.A.lookedB.havelookedC.havebeenlookingD.hadlooked()3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecauseheinthemudallthemorning.A.hasplayedB.playedC.hasbeenplayingD.hadplayed()4.I'msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyousohardthisyear.A.studiedB.havestudiedC.havebeenstudyingD.hadbeenstudying()5.Youthenovelforalmost6hours.Whynotjoinusandhaveacupoftea?havereadB.havebeenreadingC.hadreadD.readⅡ.动词的语态1.一般用于强调受动者,可以忽略施动者的情况下。2.常见的不能用于被动语态的动词和词组有:cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed等。3.系动词smell,taste,sound,look,feel,seem,remain,grow,turn等--般用主动形式表被动意义。4.下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well,easily,badly，smoothly等副词连用:lock(锁),wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),wear(穿),blame(责备),ride(乘坐),write(写)等。5.形容词worth后,用动名词主动形式表被动意义。6.动词need,want,require,deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。7.短语动词改为被动语态,后面的介词不能拆开或者省略。8."get+ed分词”构成的被动语态,强调动作的结果,如gethurt,getpaid,getpromoted等。9.感官动词或使役动词在主动语态中要省略动词不定式符号to的，在被动语态中要还原to。专项练习()1.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade()2.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIonFirday.A.gotpaidB.getpaidC.havepaidD.havebeenpaid()3.Manystudentsapplyforapositionatthatcompany,butonlyafew.A.acceptedB.wereaccptedC.areacceptedD.hadbeenaccepted()4.ThenovelIboughtyesterday.isveryworthreadingB.isveryworthbeingreadC.iswellworthreadingD.iswellworthbeingread()5.Whetherabookdependsonmanyfactors.A.issoldgoodB.sellsgoodC.issoldwellD.sellswell综合练习Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Thecenterofgravityofthehumanbodybehindhisjoint.locatedB.locatingC.tolocateD.islocated()2.-Whathappenedinthatnewarea?-Newhousesrecentlyoverthere.arebuiltB.buildC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt()3.-Whendidyougotowork?--Assoonastheycame,wetowork.wentB.weregoingC.hadgoneD.go()4.Perhapsitwillbealongtimefromabroad.whenTomcomesbackB.whenTomwillcomebackC.beforeTomcomesbackD.thatTomcomesback()5.Weonitformanyhours,butwehavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.A.arebeingworkedB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.havebeenworked()6.Myuncel,Sam,managerofthefirm.havejustmadeB.isjustbeingmadeC.hasjustbeenmadeD.isjustmade()7.ElectionseveryfouryearsandCongressmeetsonceayear.aretakenplaceB.aretobetakenplaceC.tookpalceD.takeplace()8.Thenewtypeofmachinetheyearafternext.isgoingtoturnoutB.isgoingtobeingturnedoutC.isgoingtohaveturnedoutD.isgoingtobeturnedout()9.Hesaidsuchathingtohappen.oughttobenotallowedB.oughtnottobeallowingC.oughtnottohaveallowedD.oughtnottobeallowed()10.ShetoldmethatherproposalneededtobetakeintoconsiderationneededtobetakenintoconsiderationneededtobetakingintoconsiderationD.neededtohavetakenintoconsideration()11.ThegovernmenttoapprovetheuseofwidespreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.isgoingB.hadbeenC.wasaboutD.iscoming()12.Yououghttoatestinphysicsthedaybefore,Ithink.havetakenB.takeC.betakenD.betaking()13.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatthisyear.appearsB.isappearingC.hasappearedD.haveappeared()14.Wehadhardlysatdownwhensheplatesoffoodforus.broughtB.hasbroughtC.hadbroughtD.wasbringing()15.Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholiday,onlytofinditA.bebrokenintoB.wasbrokenintoC.hadbrokenintoD.hadbeenbrokeninto()16.WhatIwasuncertainaboutwhethertheycouldovercomethedifficulties.isB.willbeC.hadbeenD.was()17.Bythetimethecourseends,alotaboutBritain.we'lllearnB.wearelearningC.wehavelearntD.we'llhavelearnt()18.Hewillcometocallonyouthemomenthehiswork.willfinishB.finishesC.hadfinishedD.finished()19.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,butheit.doesn'tmentionB.hadn'tmentionedC.didn'tmentionD.hasn'tmentioned()20.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpowerincreasedenormouslyevensince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen()21.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeopletoeatmorefruitandvegetables.persuadeB.willbepersuadedC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded()22.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicinelastyear.sentB.weresentC.hasbeensentD.hadbeensent()23.Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyouhome.A.wroteB.willwritec.havewrittenD.write()24.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Miketobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.A.expectedB.wasexpectingC.wasexpectedD.wouldbeexpected()25.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmoresubstancesinthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered()26.-DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?--Terry?Never!Shetentsandfreshair!hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hates()27.Inrecentyears,manyfootballclubsasbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun()28.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,peoplenottotouchanunattendedbag.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned()29.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkerstheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth,A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad()30.Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored()31.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteamfourdayslater.A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued()32.Ishonestythebestpolicy?Wethatitiswhenweareyoung,willteachB.teachC.aretaughtD,willbetaught()33.-IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar-Iknow.Bynextmonth,heenoughmoneyforausedone.A.willhavesavedB.willbesavingC.hassavedD.saves()34.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhotomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.hadbeenelectedB.hadelectedC.havebeenelectedD.haveelected()35.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevistorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltⅡ.用动词的适当形式填空。1.Rainforests(cut)andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.2.Officialssaythatfewpatients(infect)withthevirusowingtotheeffectiveprevention.3.Facingtheeconomicdepression,everypossiblemeans(try)thisyeartosavethecompanyfromgoingbankrupt.4.Afteracarefuldiscussion,thetwopartieshavemadearoughplanbutthedetails(work)outlater.5.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey(give)therightchangebeforeleavingthecheckoutcounter.6.TheDubaifinancialcrisis(report)tohaveaddedmorepressuretothealready-seriousworldeconomy.7.Sincethebeginning,thetelevisionindustryintheUS(control)bythreecompanies,theABC,theCBS,andtheNBC.8.-Doyouhaveanyproblemifyou(offer)thisjob.-Well,I'mthinkingaboutthesalary.Onceharm(do)totheenvironment,ittakesyearstohavethesystemrecovered.10.--Howlong(youemploy)inthejob?--Since1990.11.Effortstostopsmokinginpublicareas(make)inHangzhouinrecentweeks.12.Noconclusion(reach)aboutwhethertoteardowntheoldbuildingsforathemeparkuntilseveraldiscussionshavebeenmade.13.Hedamagedhislegsobadlyintheaccidentthatthebone(expose).14.OvertheHuangpuRiver(build)fourgrandbridgesinshanghaisofar.15.Theconstructionofthenewartmuseumstartedtwoyearsago,butit(complete)sofarduetothevariousreasons.16.Atthecurrentrate,four-fifthsofthetremendousproject(expect)tobefinishedbytheendofthisyear.17.Mostparentsbelievethatthehardworkfortheirschoolkids(repay)laterintheirlives.18.Morethan20carsofthenewtype(sell)inthefirstthreedaysafteritslaunchlastSaturday.19.Intheolddays,studentswereexpectedtomemorizeinformationandthenfeedbackwhat(provide)tothem.Experimentsonanimals(conduct)longbeforethemedicinewasappliedtopatients.21.Thoughhe(tell)manytimes,hestillhadnoideaofthiscomplicatedconcept.22.Somecelebritiesareeagertomaketheirprivatelivesknowntothepublicforfearthatnonotice(pay)tothem.Ⅲ