高中英语必修 第一册　Unit 1　Teenage Life

二必修第一册Unit1

TeenageLife(40分钟50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)A(2025·广东模拟)Whatifthesecrettounlockingyourchild’scognitive(认知的)potentialwasassimpleasa10-secondstretch?Doesitsoundtoogoodtobetrue?Anewstudy’sfindingsshowedthatquick,low-intensityactivitiescouldbeavaluabletoolforenhancingkids’cognitivefunctionandpotentiallyimprovinglearninginschoolsettings.Thestudy,ledbyTakashiNaitoandcoworkers,focusesonapartofthebraincalledtheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Thisarea,locatedatthefrontofthebrain,iscrucialformanyimportantmentaltasks.Aschildrengrow,theirPFCcontinuestodevelop.Whilepreviousstudieshaveshownthatmoderate(中度的)tointenseexercisecanimprovebrainfunction,researcherswerecognizantoflessabouttheeffectsoflight,easyactivities—thekindthatcouldbedonequicklyinaclassroomorduringshortbreaks.

SothisstudyaimedtofillthatgapbyexamininghowsimpleexerciseaffectsbloodflowinthePFCofchildren.Theresearchersinvited41childrenbetweentheagesof10and15toparticipateinthestudy.Thesekidsperformedsevendifferenttypesoflightexercise,eachlastingeither10or20seconds.Theexerciseincludedthingslikestretching,handmovements,andbalancingononeleg.Then,theresearchersusedatechniquecalledfunctionalnear-infraredspectroscopy(fNIRS)todetectchangesinbloodflowinthebrain,whichcanindicateincreasedbrainactivity.TheirfindingssuggestedthatevenshortburstsoflightactivitycanwakeupthePFCinchildren.Thiscouldpotentiallyleadtoimprovedfocus,betterdecision-making,andenhancelearningabilities.However,theresearchfocusedonlyonchildrenaged10-15,leavingquestionsaboutitsapplicabilitytoyoungerchildrenoradults.Thesamplesizeof41participants,whileprovidingvaluabledata,mayaffectthegeneralizabilityofthefindings.Additionally,thestudyonlymeasuredimmediatechangesinbrainactivity,notlong-termeffectsorimprovementofcognitivefunction.Factorssuchasindividualfitnesslevelsordailyactivityhabits,whichcouldinfluencetheresults,werenotconsidered.Moreresearchisnecessary.【语篇属性】语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我(生活与学习)语篇内容研究表明,快速、低强度的活动可能是增强儿童认知功能的有价值的工具,并可能改善学校环境中的学习语篇结构Para.1IntroducethetopicintheformofquestionsPara.2ThefindingsofanewstudyPara.3ThetheoreticalbasisandfocusofthestudyPara.4HowthestudyisconductedPara.5Theshortcomingsofthestudy【命题意图】1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“werecognizantof”inParagraph3?本段谈论过去的研究与新研究的区别,因此有着明显的对比成分,遵循这个逻辑,便可推测行文中的生词。本题设置巧妙,利用了上下文之间的这一逻辑,考查考生在特定语境中推测词义的能力2.WhatisParagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningthestudy?第四段详细叙述了新研究的过程。本题旨在考查考生对段落作用的理解,以及对段落大意的归纳能力3.Whatwasonelimitationofthestudy?最后一段中提到这个研究的几个不足之处。命题者从这个角度出发命题,旨在考查考生对个别细节的把握4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?本文是带有新闻报道性质的说明文,主旨大意一般在第一段体现。本题主要考查考生根据体裁确定文章主旨的能力1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“werecognizantof”inParagraph3?A.Ignored.

B.Knew.C.Predicted. D.Prevented.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线短语前文“Whilepreviousstudieshaveshownthatmoderatetointenseexercisecanimprovebrainfunction”和后文“lessabouttheeffectsoflight,easyactivities—thekindthatcouldbedonequicklyinaclassroomorduringshortbreaks”可推知,前文的While表示转折,故此处画线词与B项“知道,了解”意思相近,尽管之前的研究已经表明,中等强度到高等强度的运动可以改善大脑功能,但研究者对轻松活动的影响了解较少,故选B。2.WhatisParagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Itstheory. B.Itsfindings.C.Itstools. D.Itsprocess.【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知,本段主要介绍了研究者做实验的过程,故选D。3.Whatwasonelimitationofthestudy?A.Thetestingtimewastoolong.B.Itconsideredtoomanyfactors.C.Itinvolvedadultsinparticipating.D.Thesampleagerangewastoosmall.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“However,theresearchfocusedonlyonchildrenaged10-15,leavingquestionsaboutitsapplicabilitytoyoungerchildrenoradults.”可知,这项研究的局限之一是样本年龄范围太小,故选D。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.KidsNeedtoDoExercisetoProtectTheirPFCB.PFCDeterminesKids’SuccessinSchoolandLifeC.ShortLightExerciseMayBoostKids’BrainActivityD.ActivityBreaksAffectShort-termBrainChanges【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据第二段可知,文章主要介绍了研究表明,快速、低强度的活动可能是增强儿童认知功能的有价值的工具,故C项“短时间的轻度运动可能会增强儿童的大脑活动”适合作本文标题,故选C。【失分剖析】第1题有一定的难度,画线词所在句子属于长难句,本题关键是对整个句子的意群划分以及对“moderatetointenseexercise”和“light,easyactivities”之间对比的理解。若考生能正确分析并翻译该句,一般不会选错。B(2025·八省联考)WanttolearnanewlanguageorgetA’sincollegeexams?Previousstudieshaveshownthatexercisecanhelpstimulatetheareasofthebrainthatconvert(转换)newinformationintolong-termmemory.Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherandfoundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.Buildinguponpastresearchthatfoundexercisereleasesbiochemicalsthatimprovementalfunction,scientistsatRadboudUniversityandtheUniversityofEdinburghconductedastudytodeterminewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning.Participants—72healthymaleandfemaleadults—werefirstaskedtoperformacomputertestthatchallengedtheirvisualandspatiallearning.Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednaturedocumentaries,buttwo-thirdsofthemalsoexercised.Halfoftheexercisersdidcircuittrainingonanexercisebikefor35minutesimmediatelyafterthetest.Theotherhalfdidthesameexercisebutnotuntilfourhoursaftertheyhadbeentested.Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest,andtheywereconnectedtoMRI(磁共振成像)machinestoassesstheirbrainactivity.Theparticipantswhoexercisedfourhoursaftertakingthecomputertestwereabletorecallwhattheyhadlearnedmostaccurately.Theirbrainwavesalsoshowedmoreconsistentlevelsofactivity,indicatingthattheirbrainswerelesstaxedtorememberwhattheyhadlearned.Accordingtothisresearch,thebesttimetoexercisetoimprovelearningisfourhoursafterstudying.Butwhy?That’sonequestiontheresearchershaveyettoanswer.Anotherquestionleftunansweredisthelevelofexercisethatmightbestimprovelearning.I’verunenoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.Buttheresearchersnotedthatlightworkoutsmightnotgivethebrainenoughofabiochemicalboosttoimprovelearning.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域,以及锻炼可以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。5.Whatdidthenewstudyaimtoexplore?A.Whenexerciseisbestforlearning.B.Whatbiochemicalsaregoodforhealth.C.Howbrainwavesshouldbemeasured.D.Whichareaofthebrainisthemostactive.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherandfoundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.(一项新的研究(在先前研究的基础上)更进一步,找到了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间)”可知,新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A项。6.Whatwerealltheparticipantsaskedtododuringtheexperiment?A.Trainonbicycles.B.Domathematicsexercises.C.Playcomputergames.D.Watchfilmsaboutnature.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednaturedocumentaries(测试后,所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知,实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。故选D项。7.Whydidtheparticipantsreturntothelabtwodayslater?A.Todoamedicalexamination.B.Tohavetheirmemorytested.C.Togettheirworkoutsrecorded.D.Tofinishtheirprevioustasks.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest(两天后,所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知,参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B项。8.Whatmighttheauthor’smarathonrunningprove?A.Thefindingsofthestudyarereliable.B.Long-distancerunnersareoftensmart.C.Studiesonthemarathonarenotenough.D.Hardexercisemaynotsharpenthebrain.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’verunenoughmarathonstoprovethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实:在艰苦的锻炼过程中或之后,我的大脑一点也不敏锐)”可知,作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明,剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D项。Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)(2024·浙江嘉兴模拟)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It’spartoflifetohavechallengingexperiencesthatgetyoudown.Attimeslikethis,youmighttrytochangeyourmindset,9.

(remind)yourselfthatitwon’tlastforeverortofocusonthebrightside.Changinghowyouthinkabout10.

(emotion)eventsinthiswaycanchangehowyoufeelaboutthem.11.

sometimesthisiseasiersaidthandone.

9.【解析】reminding。考查非谓语动词。句意:在这种时候,你可能会试图改变你的心态,提醒自己这种心态不会永远持续下去,或者专注于光明的一面。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处用非谓语动词作状语,动词remind是句子主语you主动发出的动作,用动词-ing形式,表示主动。故填reminding。10.【解析】emotional。考查形容词。句意:以这种方式改变你对情感事件的看法可以改变你对它们的感受。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用形容词,修饰后面的名词events。故填emotional。11.【解析】But。考查连词。句意:但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子结构和意思可知,上下文是转折关系,用连词but,位于句首,首字母大写。故填But。Imagineyoulostadreamopportunityandyoumaywonderwhetheryou’llevergetanotherchancelikethatagain.Itcanbedifficulttobreakoutofyourmindsetwhenhavingnegativeexperiences.12.

(fortunate),gettingagoodfriend’sperspective(见解)canhelp.

12.【解析】Fortunately。考查副词。句意:幸运的是,获得好朋友的见解会有帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用副词,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Fortunately。Here13.

(come)thequestion:Isgettingafriend’sperspectivewhenrethinkinganegativeeventmorepowerfulthanrethinkingit14.

yourown?Accordingtosomeresearch15.

(conduct)lately,wecanchoosetheformer.Howyouthinkandfeelcan16.

(shape)bygettingafriend’sperspective,bothinthemomentandovertime.Thenexttimeyoucan’tgetridofyournegativethought17.

(pattern),rememberthathumansarefundamentallysocialcreatures.It’sokaytoturntothepeoplearoundyouandyourfriends,from18.

youcangetnewperspectivesandsomehelp.

13.【解析】comes。考查谓语动词。句意:问题来了:在重新思考一个负面事件时,征求朋友的意见比自己重新思考更有力吗?分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是一般的情况,用一般现在时,句子为Here开头的倒装句,主语是thequestion,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。14.【解析】on。考查介词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语onone’sown,意为“独自地”。故填on。15.【解析】conducted。考查非谓语动词。句意:根据最近进行的一些研究,我们可以选择前者。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词conduct和被修饰的名词someresearch是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填conducted。16.【解析】beshaped。考查谓语动词。句意:你的想法和感受可以通过得到朋友的见解来塑造,无论是在当下还是随着时间的推移。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处为谓语,动词shape和主语Howyouthinkandfeel是动宾关系,用被动语态结构,前面有情态动词can,be动词用原形。故填beshaped。17.【解析】patterns。考查名词的数。句意:下次当你无法摆脱消极的思维模式时,请记住,人类从根本上来说是社会生物。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用名词复数,表示泛指,作宾语。故填patterns。18.【解析】whom。考查定语从句。句意:求助于你周围的人和你的朋友是可以的,你可以从他们那里获得新的见解和一些帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词people在从句中作介词from的宾语,指人,用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍碰到有挑战性的经历时应该如何面对。Ⅲ.应用文写作(