【新教材】人教版（2024）七年级上册英语Unit 5 语法讲义（含练习题及答案）

第第页【新教材】人教版（2024）七年级上册英语Unit5语法讲义Unit5·情态动词can（表示能力）语法精讲·随堂练·综合检测学习目标目标一：归纳含有情态动词can的句子结构特点。目标二：理解情态动词can描述能力的表意功能。目标三：准确使用can的各种句式来描述能力。一情态动词can的基本用法1.can的含义can表示“能、会”，用来描述能力（体力、智力、技能等）。Icanswim.（我会游泳。）ShecanspeakEnglish.（她会说英语。）Theycanplaychess.（他们会下棋。）2.can的核心特点情态动词can的四大特点没有人称和数的变化→不管主语是I/you/he/she/it/we/they，都用can后面接动词原形→can+动词原形（不能加to，不能加s/es）否定句直接加not→cannot/can't疑问句直接把can提到句首→Can+主语+动词原形...?破解点：can与do的最大区别——can没有人称和数的变化！✅Hecanswim.（不是Hecansswim）✅Shecanplaytheviolin.（不是Shecanplays）3.can的四种句式句式结构例句肯定句主语+can+动词原形+其他.Icanswim.

Emmacansingwell.否定句主语+cannot/can't+动词原形+其他.Ican'tswim.

Shecan'tplayanymusicalinstruments.一般疑问句Can+主语+动词原形+其他?Canyouplayping-pong?

Canheplaytheviolin?肯定回答Yes,主语+can.Yes,Ican./Yes,hecan.否定回答No,主语+can't.No,Ican't./No,hecan't.4.教材3a精讲观察黑体动词，它们有变化吗？Canyouplayping-pong?→Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.→can不随主语变化Canheplaytheviolin?→Yes,hecan./No,hecan't.→can不随主语变化Cantheyplaychess?→Yes,theycan./No,theycan't.→can不随主语变化Icanrunfast,butIcan'tswim.→can后接动词原形（run/swim）Emmacansingwell,butshecan'tplayanymusicalinstruments.→can后接动词原形（sing/play）破解点：观察黑体动词can——不管主语是I/he/they/Emma，can的形式都不变！后面永远接动词原形。练习一·用can/can't填空1.Fish_______________swim,butthey_______________fly.2.Birds_______________fly,butthey_______________swimwell.3.I_______________playthepiano,butI_______________playtheguitar.4.She_______________speakEnglishandChinese.5.He_______________runveryfast.6.They_______________cook,butthey_______________bakecakes.二教材3b精讲·句子配对将两部分匹配成完整句子，然后用can造更多句子：Afishcanswim.→鱼会游泳。Aduckcanswim.→鸭子会游泳。（也可说canfly—鸭子会飞，但游泳是更典型的特征）Aparrotcanspeak.→鹦鹉会说话。Adogcanrunfast.→狗能跑得快。Acatcanclimbtrees.→猫会爬树。破解点：有些动物的能力不是唯一的（如鸭子既能游泳也能飞），但要根据常识选择最典型的能力。练习二·用can造句1.我会弹吉他。

→____________________________________2.她不会说法语。

→

____________________________________3.他们会下棋吗？

→

____________________________________

4.鱼会游泳吗？

→

____________________________________

5.我哥哥会打网球，但他不会打乒乓球。

→

____________________________________三教材3c精讲·短文填空用方框中的词完成短文：MybestfriendisLinda.Sheisgoodatsomanythings!ShecanspeakEnglish,French,andsomeChinese.Ican'tspeakFrench,butI'dliketolearn.Lindacanplaytheguitarandtheviolintoo.Iliketowatchherplay.Andshecandosomuchmore.Shelikestoplayping-pongandtennis.Shecanevenmakedeliciouscakes!Everyoneinourclasslikesher.破解点：is→be动词，描述状态“擅长很多事情”canspeak→会讲三种语言（能力）can'tspeak→不会说法语（否定能力）canplay→会弹吉他和小提琴（能力）likestoplay→喜欢打乒乓球和网球（喜好，非能力）canevenmake→甚至能做蛋糕（强调能力）练习三·用can/can't/is/likes填空1.Mybrother_______________swimveryfast.2.She_______________goodatmaths.3.I_______________playtheviolin,butI_______________playthepiano.4.Mysister_______________readingbooks.5.They_______________speakEnglish,butthey_______________speakChinese.6.He_______________agoodstudent.四易错点与重难点易错点一：can后面跟动词原形，不能加to，也不能加s/es。❌Shecantoswim.

❌Hecanplaysfootball.

✅Shecanswim.

✅Hecanplayfootball.易错点二：can没有人称和数的变化。❌Hecanssing.

❌Shecansings.

✅Hecansing.

✅Shecansing.易错点三：can的否定形式是cannot（正式）或can't（缩写）。✅Icannotswim.

✅Ican'tswim.易错点四：can的疑问句直接把can提到句首，不需要助动词do/does。❌Doyoucanswim?

❌Doesshecanswim?

✅Canyouswim?

✅Cansheswim?易错点五：can表示能力，与like（喜欢）不同。✅Icanplaytennis.（我会打网球—能力）

✅Iliketoplaytennis.（我喜欢打网球—喜好）练习四·改错题1.Shecantoswim.→____________________________________2.Hecanplaystheguitar.→

____________________________________3.DoyoucanspeakEnglish?→____________________________________4.Shecanssingverywell.→____________________________________5.Icannotswim.（改为缩写形式）→____________________________________6.HecanspeakEnglishandhecanspeaksChinesetoo.→____________________________________五语法图表总结（必背）can句式结构总表句式结构例句肯定句主语+can+动词原形Icanswim.否定句主语+cannot/can't+动词原形Ican'tswim.一般疑问句Can+主语+动词原形?Canyouswim?肯定回答Yes,主语+can.Yes,Ican.否定回答No,主语+can't.No,Ican't.can使用口诀can后加原形，不能加to和s，

否定加not，疑问can提前，

人称数不变，能力全靠它！六综合检测（全题型）一、单项选择题1.She_______________speakEnglishverywell.A.canB.cansC.cantoD.can't2._______________youplaythepiano?A.DoB.AreC.CanD.Does3.Hecan_______________veryfast.A.runB.runsC.torunD.running4.I_______________swim,butI_______________skate.A.can/canB.can't/canC.can/can'tD.can't/can't5._______________hespeakFrench?—No,he_______________.A.Can/canB.Can/can'tC.Does/doesn'tD.Is/isn't6.Mysister_______________theviolinverywell.A.canplayB.canplaysC.cansplayD.cantoplay7.Aparrot_______________speak,butafish_______________.A.can/canB.can't/can'tC.can/can'tD.can't/can8.We_______________seetheblackboardclearly.A.can'tB.don'tcanC.notcanD.cannotto9._______________yourbrother_______________chess?A.Can/playB.Can/playsC.Does/playD.Is/playing10.Sheisgoodatcooking.She_______________deliciouscakes.A.canmakeB.canmakesC.cansmakeD.cantomake二、用can/can't填空1.Afish_______________swim,butit_______________walk.2.Abird_______________fly,butit_______________swimverywell.3.I_______________playtheguitar,butI_______________playthepiano.4.She_______________speakthreelanguages.5.They_______________cook,butthey_______________bake.6.He_______________run100metresin10seconds.三、句型转换1.Shecanplaytheviolin.（改为否定句）

____________________________________2.TheycanspeakEnglish.（改为一般疑问句）

____________________________________3.Hecanswim.（对划线部分提问）

____________________________________4.Canyoursisterplaychess?（作肯定回答和否定回答）

肯定回答：

否定回答：

5.Icanplaybasketball.（改为一般疑问句）

____________________________________四、短文填空MynameisTom.Ihaveagoodfriend.HisnameisMike.Mike

________

(can/can't)playtheguitarverywell.He

________

(can/can't)alsosing.Buthe

________

(can/can't)playthepiano.I________(can/can't)playtheguitar,butI________

(can/can't)playthepiano.Weoftenplaymusictogether.Mike________(like/likes)toplaytheguitar,andI________(like/likes)toplaythepiano.Wehavealotoffun.五、改错题1.Shecantoswim.→____________________________________2.Hecanplaystheguitar.→____________________________________3.DoyoucanspeakEnglish?→____________________________________4.Shecanssingverywell.→

____________________________________5.Icannotswim.（改为缩写形式）→____________________________________6.HecanspeakEnglishandhecanspeaksChinesetoo.→

____________________________________六、选词填空从方框中选择正确的词填空。can/can't/is/likes/hasMysisterLinda________averytalentedgirl.She________drawbeautifulpictures.She________alsoplaythepiano.Butshe________playtheguitar.She________readingbooks.She_________verykindandhelpful.Everyoneinourfamilylovesher.七课后自我检测清单我能说出can表示能力的用法。我能正确使用can+动词原形。我能正确使用can的否定形式（can't/cannot）。我能正确使用can的一般疑问句（Can+主语+动词原形?）。我能区分can和like的用法。我能用can描述自己或他人的能力。参考答案练习一：1.can/can't2.can/can't3.can/can't4.can5.can6.can/can't练习二：1.Icanplaytheguitar.2.Shecan'tspeakFrench.3.Cantheyplaychess?4.Canfishswim?5.Mybrothercanplaytennis,buthecan'tplayping-pong.练习三：1.can2.is3.can/can'