教学材料商务英语阅读-Chapter Six

Whenfinishingthischapter,youwillbeableto

read:linechartsbarcharts

piecharts

flowcharts

organizationstructure

tablesApictureisworthathousandwords.Charts&tablesefficientlyvisuallyimpressingdirectlyWhenreadingchartsandtables,youcangetresourceorreferencefrom:1)title(标题)2)legend(图例)3)scale(刻度).6.1.1ChartsShowingTrendWhentracingthetrendinreadingthiskindofcharts,oneshould:a.findouttheturningpointstoidentifythetrendoftheobject:Whenitrises,fallsorremainsstable.b.studythedegreeofthetrend:Whetheritrisesslightly/steadily/sharply?Example1Thex-axisindicatesthatthedataarerecordedeverydayinJuly.Thescalesonthey-axishelppeoplegetaroughfigurefortheairconditionersoldonacertainday.Theturningpointsarethe3rd(startofaslightdecrease),the7th(startofasharprise),the13th(thehighestpoint),the15th(startofasharpdrop),the17th(startofaslightincrease),and19th(startofasteadydrop),andthe31st(thelowestpoint).Example1It’sobviousthatduringthefirstfewdaysofJulythenumberofairconditionersoldremainedsteady,followedbyaslightdecreasebeforethenumbersrosedramaticallybetweenthe7thandthe12th.Thenumbersreachedapeakonthe13ththenfluctuatedslightlyuntilthe15th,whentheyfellsharplyoverthefollowingtwodays.Therewasaslightincreaseuptothe19thwhennumbersdecreasedsteadilyandfinallyreachedaminimumonthe31st.Task1,2Reference:Task1:1)Theturningpointis2008,whichisthepeakoftheline.Wecanseethatsalesoftelevisionswentupin2006andcontinuedtorisesteadilyuntil2008whentheydroppedslightly.2)B—E—A3)CTask2:1)A2)E3)D4)B5)CTask3Reference:Asshowninthegraph,servicesasapercentageofGDPhavebeenfallingsteadily.In2003naturalresourcesprovidedmorethan25%ofGDP,butthisdeclinedtolessthan20%in2006,recoveredin2008butfellbelow20%in2009.Industryearnedlessthan10%ofGDPin2003,butrosealmostto20%in2009.ThechartrevealsthatGDPisearnedprimarilybytheservicesector.6.1.2ChartsandTablesShowingComparisonWhenreadingbarcharts,oneshould:findouthowtwoormoreitemsaredifferentfromeachother.(more/less,higher/lower,bigger/smaller)findoutthemost,thehighest,orthebiggestitemandtheleast,thelowest,orthesmallestone.findoutifthereareanyitemsaresimilartoeachother.compareeachitem,whendealingwithadoubleorgroupedbarchart,withitselfindifferenttime.Task4Reference:1)F(“Destination”inthetitletellsthatwhatiscomparedistheplacethatIndonesianchoosetospendholiday.)2)T3)F(Wrongcomprehensiononthetitle)4)T5)F(Therearenearly800,000holidaymakersfromIndonesiachooseJapanasdestination,whichmakesJapanthesecondmostpopularplace.)6)F(Thisbarchartisnotdescribedintermsoftime.Andtheword“rise”impliesthatthechartalsoshowsalowernumberofholidaymakersfromIndonesiaatanearliertime,whichinfactitdoesn’t.)Task5,6Reference:Task5:1)H2)B3)G4)C5)DTask6:1)F(Twosectorsthatretainedstableemploymentnumbersforbothmenandwomenweremanufacturingandthepublicsector(non-defence).2)F(Onlytwo.Theyarethecommunicationsectorandthewholesaleandretailtradesector.)3)F(It’scommunicationsector.)4)T5)T6.1.3ChartsShowingSharesandProportionPieChartsareusedtoshowsharesandproportioneffectively.Whenreadingapiechart,youhavetodistinguishthecolorsorthepatternscarefullytomakeclearthatwhateachslicestandsfor.Task7Reference:1)Alpha2)ModelX23)15%4)PY20006.2FlowChartsFlowchartsareemployedtoillustratetheflowofaprocess.Itisadvisedthatwhenworkingwiththistypeofchart,onehasto:a.findout,firstofall,thepurpose/objectiveofthediagram.(thetitlehelpsonegetclues)b.takeageneralviewofthediagramastogetagrossideaofthedirectionoftheflow(itsmajorroute)c.workoutthekeystage(s).d.workoutthestagesthathappensimultaneously(AisperformedatthesametimeasB)orarealternatives(eitherAorBisperformed).Example1:TheProductionAndSalesProcessInABCCompanyTheflowchartgiveninexampledemonstratesaseriesofstagesmostconsumergoodsgothroughbeforetheyarereadyforsale.TheProductPlanning,forexample,isoneofthekeystages,becauseitdependsontheoutputofProductResearchandDesign,anddeterminesthescheduleofthefollowingstages.Task1Reference:1)rawmaterials2)productionplanningstage3)assembly4)testing5)marketresearch6)salesTask2Reference:Task3,4,5Task3:1)F2)T3)F4)T5)T

Task4:1.sth.beingdiscardedasworthless;junk

2.Thatpartiskeystepthatyourprojectshouldpaygreatattentionto

Task5:1.T2.F3.T

6.3OrganizationStructuresOrganizationstructuresareoftenshownbyhierarchiesandnetworks,whichfocusontherelationshipofsubordinationandcoordination.

Itcaneitherpresentsasystemwithinanorganization(inwhichpeoplehaveauthorityandcontroloverthepeopleintherankbelowthem,andhaveaco-workingrelationshipwiththepeopleinthesamerank),ortheoperationmode,andalsocanindicatethepeople’sresponsibility.Task1Reference

Task2,3,4Reference:Task2:1)Homes.2)Existingdealersandwholesalers.3)SchoolandScience.4)HighStreetStores.5)HeadOfficeandWarehouse.Task3:1)PersonnelDirector2)TheCompensationandBenefitManager3)skilltrainingandmanagementdevelopment4)therelationshipbetweenmanagementandemployees

Task4:1.T2.T3.F4.F6.4TablesTablesarealsoquiteoftenusedtokeeprecord.Numbers,facts,orinformationarelistedandarrangedinrowsandcolumns.6.4.1Timetables&schedules

Task1,2Reference:Task1:1)A2)A3)A4)B5)B6)C

Task2:1)B2)A3)D4)B5)D6)C7)B8)A6.4.2MoreComplextableWhendoingcomparisonandanalysisontheinformationinthetable,keepinmindthat:a.it’sunnecessarytonoteeachfigureoreverydetail;b.it’susefultounderstandthetitleofrowsandcolumnsatfirst;c.it’simportanttolocatewheretherightrowsandcolumnsareforcomparisonmaking.Task3Reference1)AReadRow2(Definitelywouldbuy)andRow3(Probablywouldbuy)andcomparethefiguresinColumn1,2,3,4,5.2)CComparethefiguresinColumn6with7,8with9.3)AReadRow2(Definitelywouldbuy)andRow3(Probablywouldbuy)andcomparethefiguresinColumn6and7with8and9.Task4ReferenceSincethesubsidiaryistobelocatedinEurope,thefirststepistofindoutwhataretheEuropeancountrieslistedinthefirstcolumn.TheyareSpain,UK,BelgiumandFinland.Grosspayishowmuchthecompanywillpay(thelower,thebetter),andNetpayishowmuchthemanagingdirectorgetsexactly(thehigher,thebetter).Adjustedpayreferstothepurchasingpower(thehigher,thebetter).WhatthecompanycaresaboutthemostistheGrosspay,andwhatthemanagingdirectorcaresaboutisAdjustedpay.Therefore,wecangetthebestcountry:UKbecauseitsgrosspayisthelowest,itsnetpayisthehighest,andtheadjustedpayisthesecondhighest.Theothercountriesrankedinorderofpreferenceare:Spain,Belgium,andFinland.Task5Reference

1)C2)B3)A4)A6.5MorePracticeReferenceTask1:1)droppedsteadily2)leveloff3)climbsdramatically4)reachedapeak5)declinedramatically6)remainsconstantTask2:1)D2)E3)C4)B5)GTask3:1)A2)C3)A4)D5)C6)BTask4:1)July2)Feb.3)Aug.4)May5)JuneTask5ReferenceThechartscomparethenumberofdeathscausedbysixdiseasesinSomelandin2000withtheamountofresearchfundingallocatedtoeachofthosediseases.Itcanbeclearlyseenthattheamountofresearchfundinginmanycasesdidnotcorrelatewiththeseriousnessofthediseaseintermsofnumb