教学材料商务英语阅读-Chapter Five

Whenfinishingthischapter,youwillbeableto:guessunknownwordsreadbetweenthelinesWhat

is

deducing?“Iwentshoppingyesterday.Theclimbdidmegood.”Wherecouldtheshopbe?--Theword“climb”indicatesthatit’sonthetopfloor,onthehill,oronthemountain.Deducingistheprocessofmakingajudgmentaboutsomething,basedontheinformationthatyouhave.5.1GuessUnknownWords

5stepstodisclosetheirmeaningDeterminethewordclassverbnounadjectiveadverb…Determineitsfunctioninthesentencesubjectpredicateobject…Identifythecontextualcluespositivenegative…StudythewordformationDerivetheeventualmeaningoftheword…X.EnvironmentTheCompanyiscommittedtoenvironmentalexcellenceinthedesign,manufacture,distribution,use,re-useanddisposalofitsproducts.Itisinparticulartotallyprohibitedtomanufactureordistributeanyproductcontainingasbestosoranyproductthatcarriesunacceptableenvironmentalrisk.A.不健康的B.塑料C.石棉D.烟雾E.金属F.损坏Step1:DeterminethewordclassStep2:DetermineitsfunctioninthesentenceStep3:IdentifythecontextualcluesStep4:StudythewordformationStep5:DerivetheeventualmeaningItisanoun.AandFareexcluded.Itistheobjectoftheverb“contain”anditiscontainedinproducts.Disexcluded.“prohibited”indicatesthatasbestosisnegativeanditmaybedamagingenvironment.BandEareexcluded.Thereisn’tanyrelationbetweenthiswordandafamiliarword.TheanswerisC.Task1MuchoftheAmericaneconomyisbasedontheprincipleofplannedobsolescence.Recentlyvariousconsumergroupshavecriticizedmanufacturersforturningoutproductswhicharedesignedtowearoutinashorttime,especiallysincethetechnologyexiststomakelonger-lastingproducts.

A.overproductionB.outdatednessC.wasteD.economyStep1:DeterminethewordclassStep2:DetermineitsfunctioninthesentenceStep3:IdentifythecontextualcluesStep4:StudythewordformationStep5:Derivetheeventualmeaningitisanoun.“…principleofplannedobsolescence”negativeCThemaincontextualcluesinclude:A.definition(定义推义);

Thesignalwordsare:becalled,betermed,mean,canbedefinedas,referto,beknownas,signify,denote.

Thesignalpunctuationsare:brackets(),dash–,andcommaB.synonym(同义推义);

Thesignalwordsare:thatis.C.antonym(反义推义);

Thesignalwordsare:although,while,whereas,however,but,yet,onthecontrary,incontrastD.examples(举例推义);

Thesignalwordsare:suchas,unlike,forinstance,forexample,acaseinpointE.causeandeffectrelations(因果关系推义);F.yourexperiencesorgeneralsense(经验或常识推义).

Task2:Couldyoutellwhattheboldfacewordsmean?Whichkindofcontextualcluesgiveyouahint?()1)Foodfallaciesrefertobeliefsaboutfoodthatarenottrue.()2)Onlyacertainnumberofmotorbikesmaybeimportedintothecountryeachyear,soanyonewhowantstoimportmotorbikesmusthaveanimportlicence(permissiontoimport).()3)Robertisconsideredperemptory

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionwithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.()4)WhengoodsareimportedtoAlandfromBland,aspecialcommercialinvoicemustbesignedbytheconsul,arepresentativeofAland’sgovernmentwholivesinBland.()5)Manycompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigngiants,forinstance,FordinGreatBritainisasubsidiaryoftheAmericanparentcompany.Reference:1)A2)A3)E4)A5)D()6)Unlikeameticuloustypist,mysecretaryisverycarelessaboutcorrectingerrors.()7)Aboveall,thiswatchissolar-powered.Thebatteryinsidethewatchisrechargedautomaticallywiththelightitgetsduringtheday.()8)Manymoviesreceivederogatoryreviewsfromfilmexpertsandyetbecomeextremelysuccessful.()9)Mostdentists’officesaredrabplaces,whileEmilio’snewofficeisabright,cheerfulplace.()10)Asinallcommunicating,muchofthemeaningofaspeechisconveyednonverbally.Bodylanguagecommunicatesbyposture,gestureandeyecontact.Reference:6)D7)B8)C9)C10)BReference:11)F12)E13)A14)F15)C()11)AtrafficaccidentontheGoldenBridgecanimpedethesmoothflowoftrafficforhours.()12)Theconstructionof

mammoth

shoppingmallshascontributedtothedeclineofsmallstoresinneighboringtowns.()13)Multiplexing—transmittingindependentsignalsatthesametimeinthesamechannel—increasestheefficiencyofradiochannels.()14)Between1870and1914theUnitedStateschangedfromanagrarianeconomytoanindustrialeconomy.()15)Themajorpointsofyourplanarecleartome,butthedetailsarestillhazy.Morepractice:Task3Reference:C“Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.”impliesthat“zip”isnotcinemaaspeopledonotstayathometoseecinema.“Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesusfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.”indicatesthat“zip”isnotphotographyastheauthoriscomparingthesetwoitems.“zip”isnottelephonebecausefromthecontextsuchas“wecanseescenesinthestreet”,“everygesturewillbeseenbymillionsofpeople”,weknowthatzipissomethingvisualbuttelephonecannotshowvisualpictures.

Morepractice:Task4,5Reference:Task4:1)C2)B3)C4)A5)B6)ATask5:1.n.akindofclothingmaterial2.n.peoplewhoarepaidmonthlyregularly3.n.feelinghumidandhot4.v

ing.makingsb.suffer5.n.Japanesewarriorinolddayswhotookswordwiththemwherevertheywent6.a.negativemeaning:withillfame7.adv.negativemeaning,insaneormind-disordered8.categorizedgroupMorepractice:Task6,7Reference:Task6:1)beattributedto:becausedby2)plight:difficultsituationaddressed:dealtwithresorted:turnedtosborsthforaidorsolutionacute:seriousTask7:1.loanswouldbegrantedwithgreatercontrol2.lessenormakesthless3.anactofcrueltyandviolence4.woundedorinjured5.2ReadbetweentheLinesAgoodreadercanreadbetweenthelineswhenthewriterdoesnotputallofhisideasonpaperdirectly.

Whenreadingbetweenthelines,onepicksuphintsorcluesfromthepassageatfirst,sortedthemout,andthenrelatedthemtowhathavebeenknown;finally,onecanmakealogicalinference.

Task1:Whatismeantby“2+2reallycan=5”?Yes,2+2reallycan=5!LettheexpertsatTMLshowyouhow.OurteamofexpertconsultantswilldemonstratehowHighPerformanceTeamsreallycanwork.Focusingonissuessuchashowtoformaneffectiveteam,teamdynamicsandcommunicationwithinteams,ourlistofspecializedseminarsincludes:Self-managingTeams(SMTs)Multi-culturalTeamsTeamLeadershipFast-formingTeamsBuildingWorldClassTeamsReference:ThisisanadforatrainingprogramTML,whichfocusesoneffectiveteamwork.Obviously,“2+2reallycan=5!”isthesloganforthisprogram.Inthisslogan,thenumbersstandfortheteam,e.g.2+2standsforateamof4;while5standsfortheateamof5.Itmeansthatateamof4canperformaseffectivelyasateamof5afterthetrainingatteamwork.Task2IsYourEnglishTooEnglish?…Howshouldweadaptouruseoflanguageandwhatarethecommonproblems?“Simplifyit,”isReid’sadvice.“Don’tover-complicatethemessage.Reducewhatyou’resayingtomanageablechunks.”Reidalwaystellspeopletolimitthemselvestooneideapersentence.“It’salsoimportanttoslowdownandnotraiseyourvoice.”DrJasminePatel,alanguageconsultantatEurophone,saysdifferentlanguagesalsohavetheirownapproachtodialogue.TheBritishstartwithidiomaticexpressionssuchas“So,shouldwegetdowntoit?”andunderstateimportantissueswithphrasessuchas“Therecouldbeaslightproblem.”Theyalsosay“That’sagoodidea,but…”whentheymean“No”andtheyrepeatedlyusetheword“get”withdifferentmeanings.Andworstofall,theyinsistonusinghumourwhichissoculture-specificthatno-oneunderstandsit.…1)Whatismeantby“tooEnglish”?2)Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoward“tooEnglish”?Reference:1)“tooEnglish”referstoEnglishthataretoonativetounderstandsuchasidiomaticexpressions,euphemism,differentusageof“get”,andhumorexpression.

2)Writerdoesn’tapproveofusingtoonativeEnglish,becauseitistoocomplicated.Morepractice:Task3,4Reference:Task3:1)B2)CTask4:1)B2)BBecauseofthecost,childrenarenotreceivingahighlevelofcare.Theyarejustbeingputinchild-caresituationswheretheyaretreatedlikeitemsstoredinawarehouse.Morepractice:Task5,6Reference:Task5:1)①car②providetheirviewpointsontheproduct

③bad④speakwellof⑤fair-minded2)①newproductofSkoda②amotomagazine③Skodapushthecustomertochangetheirmindonitsnewproductbyadvertising.④ItspeakshighlyofSkoda’sre-positioningcampaign.Task6:ThePmofEUdeniedthecommentonarmsembargoandsaidthatcommentwasnottrue.

5.3MorePractice

ReferenceTask1:1)B2)B3)D