土木工程专业英语常用词汇1

PartIV:CommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofCivilEngineering

developmentorganization建设单位

designorganization设计单位

constructionorganization施工单位

reinforcedconcrete车冈筋5昆)疑土

pile桩

steelstructure钢结构

aluminiumalloy铝合金

masonry砌体(工程)reinforced〜配筋砌体

load-bearing〜承重砌体unreinforced~非配筋砌体

permissiblestress(allowablestress)容许应力

plywood胶合板

retainingwall挡土墙

finish装修

finishingmaterial装修材料

ventilation通风

natural~自然通风

mechanical~机械通风

diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下连续墙

villa别墅

momentofinertia惯性矩

torque扭矩

stress应力normal~法向应力shear~剪应力

strain应变

agehardening时效硬化

air-conditioningsystem空调系统

(air)voidration(土)空隙比

albery壁厨，壁龛

almery壁厨，贮藏室

anchoragelength锚固长度

antiseismicjoint防震缝

architecturalappearance建筑夕卜观

architecturalarea建筑而积

architecturaldesign建筑设计

flashing泛水

workability(placeability)和易性

safetyglass平安玻璃

temperedglass(reinforcedglass)钢化玻璃

foamedglass泡沫玻璃

asphalt沥青

felt(malthoid)油毡

rivetedconnection钾接

welding焊接

screwedconnection螺栓连接

oakum麻刀，麻丝

tee三通管

tap存水弯

esthetics美学

formwork模板(工程)

shoring支撑

batching配料

slipformconstruction(slipforming)滑模施工

Ifit-slabconstruction升板法施工

massconcrete大体积混凝土

terrazzo水磨石

constructionjoint施工缝

honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面

piledfoundation班基

deepfoundation深基础

shallowfoundation浅基础

foundationdepth基础埋深

padfoundation独立基础

stripfoundation条形基础

raftfoundation筏基

boxfoundation箱形基础

BSMT=basement地下室

lift电梯electricelevator

liftwell电梯井

escalator自动扶梯

Poisson'sratio泊松比H

Young?smodulus,modulusofelasticity杨氏模量,弹性模量E

safetycoefficient平安系数

fatiguefailure疲惫破坏

bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承载力

bearingcapacityofapile单桩承载力

two-way-reinforcement双向配筋

reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs钢筋混凝土双向板

singlewayslab单向板

windowblind窗帘sunblind

windload风荷载

curing养护

watertightconcrete防水混凝土

whitecement白水泥

separatingofconcrete混凝土离折segregationofconcrete

mortar砂浆~joint灰缝

pilaster壁柱

firerating耐火等级

firebrick耐火砖

standardbrick标准砖

terracotta琉璃瓦

mosaic马赛克

ceramicmosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramicmosaictile

ceramictile瓷砖

rubblewall毛石墙

marble大理石,大理岩

granite花岗石，花岗岩

ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，预拌混凝土

realestate房地产

reinforcementbar钢筋veinforcementmeal,reinforcingbar,

reinforcingsteel

reinforcementcover混凝土爱护层

reinforcementmat钢筋网，reinforcingmesh

reinforcingratio酉己筋率reinforcementpercentage

reinforcingwork钢筋工程

residentialbuilding居住建筑

rigidfoundation刚性基础

roof屋顶，屋盖，屋面；roofboard屋面板；roofgarden屋顶花园

roofliveload屋面活荷载

rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石

sandcushion砂垫层

saw-toothskylight锯齿形天窗

scaffold脚手架

sill窗台

siltysoil粉质土

singledoor单扇门

doubledoor双扇门

singlereinforceman单筋t

slidingdoor推拉门

slidingwindow水平推拉窗

staircase楼梯间

stairrail(ing)楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手

stairstep楼梯踏步

stairstring(er)楼梯梁

stairclearance楼梯净空高度stairheadroom

steelforms钢模板

storeroom贮藏室

structuraldrawings结构图

softsubstratum懦弱下卧层

sunlouver遮阳板

supportingblock支座

supportinglayer持力层

tensilereinforcement受拉钢筋tensi1esteel,tension

reinforcement

terraceroof平屋顶

thermalinsulation隔热

throughventilation穿堂风

timberstructure木结构woodstructure

toilet盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池

tracingpaper描图纸

lawn草坪

treatmentofelevation立面处理

drawingboard绘图板

triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩试验

tubularsteelscaffolding钢管脚手架

uniformlydistributedload均布荷载

unnotchedbar光面钢；threadbar螺纹钢筋

urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽

valley天沟

ventilatingskylight通风天窗

waterproofbarrier防水层aquatard

Terzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承载力理论

Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论

foundationtreatment地基处理

foundationpressure基底压力

span跨度

specificgravity比重

quicklime生石灰，氧化钙

hydratedlime熟石灰，消石灰

hydration水化作用

plasterofParis熟石膏

portlandcement波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥，一般水泥

portlandblastfurnaceslagcement矿渣水泥

portlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰（硅酸盐）水泥

portland-pozzolanacement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥

gas-foamingadmixture发泡齐II

retardingadmixture缓凝剂

water-reducingagent减水剂I

air-entrainedagent力口气剂

slump坍落度

water-cementratio水灰比w/c

architecturallighting建筑采光，建筑照明

architecturalperspective建筑透视图

architecturalsection建筑剖面图

architecturalspecifications建筑规范

architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工图

architecturesketch建筑草图

arcwelding电弧焊

stressconcentration应力集中

multistoriedbuilding多层建筑

settlementoffoundation地基沉降

tensilestrength抗拉强度

compressivestrength抗压强度

bendingstrength抗弯强度

constructionmaterial建筑材料buiIdingmaterial

continuousboam连续梁

towercrane塔式起重机，塔吊

SPT二standardpenetrationtest标准贯入度试验

wallbetweentwo.vindows窗间墙

stability稳定性

stress-straincurve应力一应变曲线

stress-straindiagram应力一应变图

damp-proofcoating防潮层

osmosis渗透

osmoticco-efficient渗透系数

osmoticpressure渗透压力

finiteelementmethod有限单无法

finite-differencemethod有限差分法

finitesiicemethod条分法

deformation变形

displacement位移

allowablebearingcapacity容许承载力

totalanddifferentialsettlement总沉降量和沉降差

Mohr'scircleofstress摩尔应力圆

snowlaod雪(荷)载

bentreinforcementbar弯起钢筋

bentsteel弯起钢筋

bent-upbar弯起钢筋

bid投标，标书

bidcall招标

bidopening开标

biddingsheet标价单

bidprice出价，投标价格

bindingreinforcement绑扎钢筋

blockingcourse檐口墙，女儿墙parapet(wall)

bloodwood红木redwood

bricklintel石专砌过梁

brickmasonrystructure石专石结构

BRKT=bracket牛腿

buildingheight建筑高度

bui1dingindustrialization建筑工业化

building-infitting预埋件

buildinglaw建筑法

buildingline建筑红线

buildingmodule建筑模数

buildingorientation建筑物朝向

buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工执照

buildingequipment建筑设备

buildingphysics建筑物理

buildingrubble建筑垃圾

buildingstormse.ver房屋雨水管

built-incupboard壁厨

cablestructure悬索结构

cable-supportedconstruction悬索结构

canopy雨篷

cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土

cast-in-situconcrete现浇混凝土

caterpillarcrane履带式起重机

cavitybrick空心石专

cavitywall空心墙

ceiling顶棚，吊顶，天花板

cementfloor水泥地面

cementmortar水泥砂浆

center-to-center中心距（中到中间距）

chain-pullswitch拉线开关

cromatics色调学

cityplanning城市规划

civilarchitecture民用建筑

civilbuilding民用建筑

civilengineering土木工程

claybrick粘土砖

clerestory天窗

clerestorywindows高侧窗

closet盥洗室，厕所，卫生间

coatedglass玻璃幕墙glasscurtainwall

collapsibleloess湿陷性黄土slumpingloess

collartiebeam圈梁

combinationbeam组合梁

combinationconstruction混合结构

shearwall剪力墙

shearstrength抗剪强度

transom（门上的）亮子

bar棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋

beam梁

framework框架

truss桁架

staticallydeterminate~静定桁架

staticallyindeterminate~超静定桁架

elasticity弹性

plasticity塑性

stiffness刚度

flexibility挠度

bendingmoment弯矩~diagram弯矩图~envelope弯矩包络线

influenceline影响线

aggregate骨料

coarse~粗骨料

fine~细骨料

admixture外加剂

concretemixer混凝土搅拌机

paint油漆

density密度

viscosity粘度,粘滞性

geology地质

earthpressure±压力active~主动土玉力

coarsesand粗砂；mediumsand中砂；finesand细砂

artificialdaylight人工采光

artificialillumination人工照明

artofarchitecture建筑艺术

seismaticdesign抗震设计

backview背立面

balcony阳台

balustrade栏杆,扶手

bambooscaffolding竹脚手架

bandiron扁铁，扁钢

barcutter钢筋切断机

barlist钢筋表

barspacing钢筋向距

baseboard踢脚板

basicmodule基本模数

BC=buildingcode建筑法规

beam-and-columnconstruction梁柱结构（框架结构）

beam-and-girderconstruction主次梁梁格结构

beam-and-slabconstruction梁板结构

beamwithoneoverhangingend悬臂梁cantileverbeam,overhanging

beam

beamwithsimplysupportedends简支梁simplebeam,

simple-supportedbeam,simplysupportedbeam

beamwithfixedends固端梁

bendingstiffness弯曲刚度

bendingstrength抗弯强度

bendingstress弯曲应力

bendbar弯起钢筋，弯筋

commemorativearchitecture纪念性建筑

commercialbuildings商业建筑物，商业房屋

compactedfill压实填土，夯实填土

compactedsoil压实土

compactionbylayers分层填土夯实

compactionbyrolling碾压

compactionbyvibration振动压实

compartmentation隔断

completionacceptance竣工验U攵

completiondate竣工日期

compressionbar受压钢筋

compressionsteel受压钢筋

concealedwork隐藏工程

conductor水落管

constructionadministration施.1：管理

constructionaldrawing施工图，构造图

constructionandinstallationwork建筑安装工程

constructioncompany建筑公司

constructioneconomics建筑经济

constructionindustry建筑（工）业

constructioninprocess在建工程

constructionmanagementplan施I：组织设计

constructionperiod施工工期

constructionsite施工现场

creep徐变，蠕变

crosswall横墙

darkroom暗室

designdevelopmentphase技术设计阶段

designscheme设计方案

detaildrawing详图，大样图，细部图

developmentarea开发区

digestiontank化粪池septictank,sewagetank

distributedload分布荷载

distributingbars分布钢筋

distributionreinforcement分布钢筋

BL=deadload恒载，自重

doglegstair双折楼梯halfturn

domesticbuiIding居住房屋，住宅

doorwindow落地窗

dormitory宿舍

downspout雨水管，落水管drainspout,fal1pipe,leaderpipe,rain

conductor,rainleader,rain-waterleader

dripline滴水线

dunny厕所,盥洗室

earthquakeintensity地震烈度

earthquakeload地震荷载

earthquakeresistantdesign抗震设计

earthwork土石方工程

earthworkquantity土方工程量

eave屋檐

effectivedepth有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度

enameledtile琉璃瓦，釉面砖

engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地质勘探

expandedjoint伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkagejoint,temperaturejoint

factorybuilding厂房

figuredglass图案玻璃，压花玻璃patternedglass

fixedwindow固定窗

flatskylight平天窗

flexiblefoundation柔性基础

floorload楼面荷载

floorplan楼屋平面图

floor-to-ceilingheight楼面至顶棚高度，室内净高

floor-to-floorheight楼面至楼面高度

storyheight•层高

farmedsteel型钢shape(d)steel

foundationbeam基础梁

foundationbed基础垫层

gable出墙〜wall

galvanizediron镀锌铁皮，白铁皮

generalarrangementdrawing总体布置图，总平面图

generallayout总平面图，总体布置

glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纤维增加塑料,玻璃钢

gluedboard胶合板

gravel砾石；~cobble卵石pebblegravel,pebblestone

groundengineering地基工程

groundfloorplan底层平面图

groundwatersurface地下水位phreatic(water)surface

gutter明沟，天沟

rain-gutter檐沟，天沟

hair麻刀hemp

mixedsand混合砂

mechanicsofmaterials材料力学

theoreticalmechanics理论力学

elasticmechanics弹性力学

structuralmechanics结构力学

architecturalmechanics建筑力学

fracturemechanics断裂力学

soilmechanics土力学

rockmechanics岩石力学

fluidmechanics流体力学

abrasivefloor防滑地板

acceleratedcement快凝水泥

accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂

acceptanceofhiddensubsurfacework隐藏工程验收

acceptanceoftender得标

acceptanceofworksubelements分项工程验收

accesseye清扫孔，检查孔

accesshole检修孔

accessplate检修孔盖板

accordionshades折叠式活动隔断，屏风

acid酸

alkali碱

acousticalinsulation隔声

redcray红粘土adamicearth

adhesivebitumenprimer冷底子油

administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工合同管理

aerialledder消防梯

non-bearingwall非承重墙non-loadbearingwal1

normfordetailedestimates预算定额

normforpreliminaryestimates概算定额

normforestimatinglaborrequirements劳动定额

normforestimatingmaterialrequirements材料定额

openditch明沟opentrench

outsidefinish外装修

partion隔壁，~screen隔断

peashingle豆砾石，绿豆砂

pipelinegas管道煤气

plastichinge塑性较

plinth(wall)勒脚

pointing(joints)勾缝

pointingmasonry勾缝砌体，清水墙