高考英语复习语境10小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等课件

语境10小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等语境10小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学著作等Ⅰ.阅读理解AEnsley

Made

Me

a

PoetWhen

I

was

one，

my

parents

and

I

moved

into

a

tiny

apartment

off

20th

Street.

I

wrote

my

first

poem

sitting

in

the

corner

of

my

bedroom，

surrounded

by

toys.

I

was

7

or

8

and

the

poem

was

for

my

best

friend

who

had

moved

away.

I

was

angry

with

him

for

being

willing

to

leave

me，

and

when

I

get

angry，

I

get

mean.

I

figured

his

leaving

would

be

easier

to

face

if

I

pushed

him

away

first.

But

as

soon

as

the

moving

truck

pulled

away，

I

realized

how

foolish

I’d

been.So

I

wrote

him

a

poem

to

apologize.

The

poem

was

terrible，

of

course，

but

with

it，

a

lifelong

love

affair

began－not

with

the

boy

who

moved

away，

but

with

the

written

words.

As

an

adult，

I’d

write

poems

about

playing

kickball

in

the

parking

lot

of

those

Ensley

apartment

blocks，

and

poems

about

trips

to

see

the

candy

lady

and

to

the

corner

store.When

people

ask

me

where

in

Birmingham

I

grew

up，

I

sometimes

say

“Everywhere”.

We

moved

around

a

lot

and

the

neighborhoods

of

Birmingham

find

their

way

into

so

much

of

what

I

write.I

had

to

leave

Birmingham

to

learn

how

to

tell

true

stories

in

prose(散文).

After

college

in

Alabama

and

graduate

school

in

Berkeley，

California，

I

moved

to

Kentucky

to

be

a

newspaper

reporter.

My

skill

at

writing

personal

essays

landed

me

my

own

column

and

the

chance

to

be

included

in

a

collection

of

essays

published

by

Seal

Press.Then

I

came

home.In

her

book

Writing

Down

the

Bones，

Natalie

Goldberg

writes，

“It

is

very

important

to

go

home

if

you

want

your

work

to

be

whole.

You

must

claim

where

you

come

from

and

look

deep

into

it.

Come

to

honor

and

embrace

it，

or

at

the

least，

accept

it.”Now

in

Birmingham，

I

get

to

share

my

story

in

local

magazines

and

on

my

blog.

And

I

build

my

story

through

every

friendship

formed

in

this

city

of

steel，

sweat，

and

sweet

tea.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者的诗歌创作历程。1.

Whose

name

is

Ensley？A.A

toy’s.B.A

boy’s.C.A

place’s.D.A

store’s.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As

an

adult，

I’d

write

poems

about

playing

kickball...

see

the

candy

lady

and

to

the

corner

store.”可知，作为一个成年人，我会写诗，有的是关于在Ensley公寓楼街区的停车场踢球，有的是关于去找卖糖果的女士或者街角店铺买东西的经历。由此可以推断出，Ensley是个地名。故选C。2.

What

does

Paragraph

4

tell

us

about

the

author？A.She

enjoyed

traveling

very

much.B.She

preferred

poetry

to

news

reports.C.She

gave

up

writing

poems

after

college.D.She

made

some

achievements

in

writing.答案：D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“My

skill

at

writing

personal

essays

landed

me

my

own

column

and

the

chance

to

be

included

in

a

collection

of

essays

published

by

Seal

Press.”可知，“我”写文章的技能使“我”有了自己的专栏，也让“我”有机会发表作品。由此可以看出，作者在写作上取得了一些成就。故选D。3.

Why

does

the

author

mention

Natalie

Goldberg’s

words？A.To

prove

they

had

similar

interests.B.To

show

her

love

for

Natalie

Goldberg.C.To

explain

why

she

returned

to

Birmingham.D.To

introduce

Natalie

Goldberg’s

book

to

readers.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It

is

very

important

to

go

home

if

you

want

your

work

to

be

whole.

You

must

claim

where

you

come

from

and

look

deep

into

it.

Come

to

honor

and

embrace

it，

or

at

the

least，

accept

it.(如果想让你的作品完整，回家很重要。你必须申明你来自哪里，并深入研究它。尊重它，拥抱它，或者至少接受它。)”可知，作者提到Natalie

Goldberg的话，是为了解释为什么要回她的故乡伯明翰。故选C。答案：C4.

What

is

the

text

mainly

about？A.Writing

changes

my

life.B.Home

is

where

your

story

is.C.Moving

around

makes

me

a

poet.D.Childhood

friendship

is

a

source

of

writing.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据文章标题Ensley

Made

Me

a

Poet可知，Ensley使我成为诗人，而Ensley是作者的故乡；再根据倒数第二段Natalie

Goldberg的话，可知文章在讲“家是你故事的所在”这一主旨。故选B。BEarly

in

the

Iliad，

Homer’s

epic

poem(史诗)

about

the

legendary，

Trojan

War，

there

occurs

a

famous

anecdote

known

as

the

catalogue

of

ships，

which

names

all

the

Greek

leaders

and

contingents(小分队)

who

came

to

fight

at

Troy.

Before

unfolding

this

impressive

muster

roll(花名册)，Homer

makes

a

special，

public

appeal

to

the

Muses

to

ensure

he

gets

the

facts

right：Tell

me

now，

Muses，

who

have

your

homes

on

Olympus－for

you

are

goddesses，

and

ever－present，

and

know

all

things，

and

we

hear

only

rumour：

nor

do

we

know

anythingThese

lines

reflect

a

central

claim

of

epic

poetry－that

through

the

inspiration

of

the

Muses，

daughters

of

Memory，

it

can

preserve

the

knowledge

of

people

and

the

events

of

the

past－a

formidable

power

in

the

non－literate，

oral

cultures

in

which

the

Iliad

evolved.

The

Iliad

was

composed

around

750－700

BC，

but

its

origins

lie

at

least

some

five

centuries

earlier，

deep

in

the

Mycenaean

Bronze

Age－the

world

the

Iliad

poetically

evokes.The

Iliad

is

keenly

aware

of

its

role

as

the

keeper

of

memory，

and

credibility

is

central

to

its

storytelling.

The

epic

is

a

work

of

fiction，

and

relates

the

events

of

a

few

weeks

in

the

tenth

and

final

year

of

the

Trojan

War

fought

between

Greeks

and

Trojans

over

beautiful

Helen，

the

Greek

queen

who

deserted

her

husband

to

elope

with

a

Trojan

prince.

Its

cast

of

characters

includes

not

only

warriors

and

their

captives

and

families，

but

the

immortal

Olympian

gods，

who

perform

many

supernatural

acts

in

the

course

of

their

eager

participation

in

the

action

around

Troy.The

Iliad

has

the

reputation

for

being

an

exclusively(专门地)

male

epic，

weak

on

female

characters，

but

to

choose

only

one

example－Homer’s

delicate

characterization

of

Helen

as

a

woman

driven

by

reluctant

remorseful(悔恨的)

passion

is

as

hauntingly(萦绕心头地)

credible

as

any

Anna

Karenina.Longinus，

a

scholar

in

the

1st

Century

AD

wrote

that

in

recording

as

he

does

the

wounding

of

the

gods，

their

quarrels，

vengeance，

tears，

imprisonment

and

all

their

passions

Homer

has

done

his

best

to

make

the

men

in

the

Iliad

gods

and

gods

men.

The

scene

between

Achilles

and

Priam

displays

this

inversion

and

crystallises

what

the

Iliad

poets

had

learned

in

the

course

of

the

epic’s

Journey.

That

the

gods

we

worship

might

not

answer，

and

on

occasion

humanity

must

rise

to

fill

their

place.

That

glory

is

closely

associated

with

painful

loss.

That

the

victor

shares

the

humanity

of

the

most

vulnerable

of

the

vanquished(战败者)；

that

there

is

no

such

thing

as

pure

victory

in

war.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了荷马史诗《伊利亚特》的历史和写作特色以及作者对这本书中描写的特洛伊战争的看法。5.

The

Iliad

about

the

legendary

Trojan

War，

might

date

back

to

.A.the

third

century

BCB.the

seventh

century

BCC.the

eighth

century

BCD.the

thirteenth

century

BC答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The

Iliad

was

composed

around

750－700

BC，

but

its

origins

lie

at

least

some

five

centuries

earlier”可知，《伊利亚特》创作于公元前750年－公元前700年，但它的起源至少在5个世纪前，所以它可以追溯到公元前13世纪。故选D。6.

According

to

the

passage，

.A.being

reliable

is

essential

to

the

storytelling

of

the

IliadB.Trojan

War

between

Greeks

and

Trojans

lasted

over

a

decadeC.Trojan

War

ended

owning

to

the

Olympian

gods’

absenceD.beautiful

Helen

is

a

woman

worth

respecting

in

the

Iliad答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The

Iliad

is

keenly

aware

of

its

role

as

the

keeper

of

memory，

and

credibility

is

central

to

its

storytelling.”可知，可信度是《伊利亚特》讲故事的关键。故选A。7.

Why

does

the

Iliad

have

the

reputation

for

being

an

exclusively

male

epic？A.Because

it

focuses

only

on

men

and

war.B.Because

too

few

females

were

well

depicted.C.Because

its

cast

of

characters

includes

only

males.D.Because

Helen

was

described

as

a

passionate

woman.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The

Iliad

has

the

reputation

for

being

an

exclusively(专门地)

male

epic，

weak

on

female

characters”可知，《伊利亚特》被誉为唯一的男性史诗因为很少有女性得到很好的刻画。故选B。8.

Which

of

the

following

statements

doesn’t

agree

with

the

author’s

idea？A.Pure

victory

in

war

does

not

exist

at

all.B.Glory

is

naturally

accompanied

with

saddening

loss.C.The

victor

gains

everything

without

any

emotional

loss.D.Both

the

victor

and

the

vanquished

share

the

same

humanity.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That

glory

is

closely

associated

with

painful

loss.

That

the

victor

shares

the

humanity

of

the

most

vulnerable

of

the

vanquished(战败者)；

that

there

is

no

such

thing

as

pure

victory

in

war.”可知，作者认为战争中没有纯粹的胜利。C项“胜利者得到了一切，没有任何情感上的损失。”的陈述与作者的观点不同。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空During

my

childhood，

books

always

around

me.

They

let

me

understand

this

world

more

than

the

other

kids

who

were

the

same

1

as

me.

Furthermore，

they

let

me

always

2

even

in

the

tough

environment.When

I

was

older，

my

family

had

to

3

from

Beijing

to

the

ancient

capital

Nanjing

because

my

father

changed

his

4

.

My

family

did

not

have

much

money，

and

we

had

to

take

the

“green

train”－the

slowest

and

oldest

train

in

China，

always

5

.

Most

of

passengers

did

not

have

seats.

This

kind

of

trains

are

rarely

in

6

right

now.Before

we

got

on

the

train，

my

father

bought

me

a

very

7

book，

The

Three

Kingdoms

from

a

second－hand

bookstore.

I

had

already

known

a

few

8

at

that

time，

so

my

mother

let

me

read

by

myself.

That

was

the

first

time

I

had

read

without

anyone’s

9

.There

were

not

any

10

on

the

cover，

just

the

book’s

name，

The

Three

kingdoms

on

the

dark

blue

cover

of

the

book.

Every

page

in

this

book

was

yellowish

and

rough，

and

the

11

was

not

so

good.

However，

I

12

this

book，

I

slept

with

it，

and

sometimes

I

13

about

the

battle

scenes

that

were

14

in

the

book.After

that，

I

started

to

read

some

books

what

my

father

15

are

“for

men”，

such

as

The

Art

of

War，

The

Old

Man

and

the

Sea

and

The

Sun

Also

Rises.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候一次搬家，乘火车到南京的途中，父亲给他买了一本《三国演义》让他看，从此作者喜欢上了阅读的故事。1.

A.gendersB.purposes

C.agesD.hobbies答案：C解析：根据上文“more

than

the

other

kids

who

were

the

same”可知，作者通过阅读书籍，使得自己比同龄的孩子对于世界的理解更加透彻。age意为“年龄”，符合语境。故选C项。2.

A.happyB.generous

C.outgoingD.honest答案：A解析：根据上文Furthermore可知，此处进一步讲读书的好处，指书籍让作者即使在艰苦的环境下也能感到快乐。happy意为“开心的，快乐的”，符合语境。故选A项。3.

A.wanderB.moveC.driveD.travel答案：B解析：根据下文“from

Beijing

to

the

ancient

capital

Nanjing”可知，此处指作者的家从北京搬到古都南京。move意为“搬家”，符合语境。故选B项。4.

A.courseB.opinionC.jobD.mind答案：C解析：由常识可知，由于作者的父亲换了工作，所以才搬家。故选C项。5.

A.limitedB.confined

C.advancedD.crowded答案：D解析：根据下文“Most

of

passengers

did

not

have

seats.”以及常识可知，这种绿皮火车非常拥挤。crowded意为“拥挤的”，符合语境。故选D项。6.

A.serviceB.lineC.orderD.comfort答案：A解析：根据常识并结合选项可知，此处指这种绿皮火车现在很少运行了。in

service意为“在使用中”，符合语境。故选A项。7.

A.ancientB.oldC.thickD.expensive答案：B解析：根据下文“from

a

second－hand

bookstore”可知，父亲给作者买的是一本旧书。故选B项。8.

A.idiomsB.spellings

C.wordsD.passages答案：C解析：根据下文“so

my

mother

let

me

read

by

myself”可知，作者当时已经认得一些字了。故选C项。9.

A.doubtB.assistance

C.controlD.advice答案：B解析：根据上文可知，此处指这是作者第一次在没有任何人帮助的情况下阅读。assistance意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B项。10.

A.picturesB.titlesC.marksD.signs答案：A解析：根据下文“just

the

book’s

name”可知，此处指封面上没有任何图片，只有书的名字。故选A项。11.

A.smellB.colorC.printD.content答案：A解析：根据上文“Every

page

in

this

book

was

yellowish

and

rough”可知，此处指这本书的气味不太好。smell意为“气味”，符合语境。故选A项。12.

A.reviewedB.cherished

C.purchasedD.skimmed答案：B解析：根据下文“I

slept

with

it”可知，此处指作者非常珍爱这本书。cherish意为“珍爱”，符合语境。故选B项。13.

A.commentedB.cared

C.fantasizedD.learned答案：C解析：根据下文“about

the

battle

scenes

that

were

14

in

the

book”可知，此处指作者有时幻想书中的战斗场面。fantasize意为“幻想，想象”，符合语境。故选C项。解析：根据下文“about

the

battle

scenes

that

were

14

in

the

book”可知，此处指作者有时幻想书中的战斗场面。fantasize意为“幻想，想象”，符合语境。故选C项。14.

A.changedB.painted

C.accountedD.described答案：D解析：根据语境可知，此处指书中描述的战争场景。describe意为“描述”，符合语境。故选D项。15.

A.thoughtB.bought

C.choseD.wrote答案：A解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者父亲认为的“给男人看”的书。故选A项。Ⅲ.语法填空The

Analects

of

Confucius(《论语》)records

the

words

and

deeds

of

the

ancient

Chinese

philosopher

Confucius，

1.

(write)

somewhere

between

the

Spring

and

Autumn

Period

and

the

Warring

States

Period

more

than

2，000

years

ago.

It

2.

(highlight)

the

political

and

moral

ideas

of

Confucius

and

Confucianism.Ren

is

a

core

concept

in

the

book

adopted

by

Confucius

with

original

meaning

of

loving

others.

3.

(represent)

a

high

moral

standard，

it

includes

all

virtues.

Confucius

stresses

that

self－discipline

is

4.

must

for

practicing

the

rules

of

propriety(礼)

and

achieving

ren.Society

has

developed

greatly

and

huge

changes

5.

(occur)

as

well

after

the

birth

of

The

Analects

of

Confucius.

Nevertheless，

it

contains

lots

of

ideas

beyond

the

passage

of

time，

some

of

6.

are

still

relevant

today.

For

example，

Confucius

analyzes

the

relationship

between

learning

and

thinking

by

saying

that

learning

without

thinking

leads

to

confusion

while

thinking

without

learning

ends

in

danger.

Besides，

The

Analects

of

Confucius

also

7.

(vivid)

shows

the

images

of

Confucius’s

students.

Zi

Lu

is

straightforward，

Zi

Gong

is

smart，

and

Yan

Hui

is

mild

and

capable.

Confucius

insists

on

treating

students

8.

individuals

to

achieve

full

potential，

which

is

9.

(consist)

with

some

of

the

modern

educational

thoughts.The

Analects

of

Confucius

is

a

fine

example

of

world

literature，

and

the

publication

of

its

10.

(version)

in

various

languages

will

further

enhance

cultural