2026研究生英语考试题型及答案

2026研究生英语考试题型及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitalwell-being"hasemergedasacriticaltopicinthe21stcentury,reflectingthegrowinganxietyaboutourrelationshipwithtechnology.Assmartphonesandapplicationsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,theyaredesignedtocaptureandholdourattention,oftenleadingtocompulsiveusagepatterns.Thisphenomenonisnotmerelyamatterofindividualwillpower;rather,itistheresultofadeliberateengineeringprocessknownas"attentioneconomy."Inthiseconomy,humanattentionistreatedasascarcecommodity,andtechgiantscompeteaggressivelyto1it.Theimplicationsofthisdynamicareprofound.Ononehand,technologyoffersunprecedentedconnectivityandaccesstoinformation.Ontheotherhand,itcanfragmentourcognitivecapabilities,makingitdifficulttoengageindeep,sustainedthought.Theconstantstreamofnotificationsandtheurgetochecksocialmediacancreateastateof"continuouspartialattention,"2weareneverfullypresentinthemoment.Thisstateisassociatedwithincreasedstresslevelsandreducedproductivity.Tocounteractthesenegativeeffects,amovementadvocatingfor"digitalminimalism"hasgainedtraction.Proponentsofthisphilosophyarguethatweshouldbemore3aboutthetoolsweinviteintoourlives.Insteadofpassivelyconsumingcontent,weshouldactivelycurateourdigitalenvironmentto4ourvaluesandgoals.Thismightinvolvesettingstrictboundariesonscreentime,usingappsthatblockdistractingsites,orperiodically"unplugging"entirely.However,achievingdigitalbalanceisnotwithoutchallenges.Thedesignofmoderntechnologyoftenexploitspsychologicalvulnerabilities,makingitdifficultto5theurgetoscrollendlessly.Featureslike"infinitescroll"andvariablerewardmechanismsare6tokeepusersengagedforaslongaspossible.Moreover,socialpressureplaysasignificantrole;thefearofmissingout(FOMO)drivesmanytostayconnectedevenwhentheycrave7.Ultimately,thegoalisnottodemonizetechnologybuttodevelopahealthier,moreconsciousrelationshipwithit.Thisrequiresacombinationofindividualdiscipline,systemicdesignchanges,andabroaderculturalshifttowards8timeofflineasvaluable.Educationiscrucialinthisregard;teachingdigitalliteracyskillscanempoweruserstorecognizemanipulativedesignpatternsandmakeinformedchoices.Byfosteringmindfulnessandintentionality,wecan9thetoolsofthedigitalagetoenhanceourlivesratherthan10them.1.[A]monopolize[B]distribute[C]ignore[D]regulate2.[A]where[B]which[C]that[D]whom3.[A]ambitious[B]indiscriminate[C]selective[D]impulsive4.[A]undermine[B]reflect[C]detect[D]complicate5.[A]generate[B]resist[C]analyze[D]satisfy6.[A]designed[B]discovered[C]accidental[D]required7.[A]interaction[B]stimulation[C]solitude[D]validation8.[A]spending[B]wasting[C]saving[D]valuing9.[A]harness[B]abandon[C]manufacture[D]misinterpret10.[A]improving[B]defining[C]dominating[D]creatingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateregardingitsimpactonthefutureofwork.Whilesomeenvisionautopiawheremachineshandlemundanetasks,freeinghumansforcreativepursuits,otherspredictadystopianlandscapeofwidespreadunemployment.Thereality,ashistorysuggests,islikelytobemorenuanced.Technologicaladvancementshavehistoricallydisplacedspecificroles,buttheyhavealsocreatednewindustriesandoccupations.TheIndustrialRevolution,forinstance,renderedartisanallaborlessrelevantbutgaverisetofactoryworkandengineering.Similarly,thecomputerageeliminatedmanyclericaljobsbutspawnedtheITsector.AIispoisedtofollowthispattern.Itwillundoubtedlyautomateroutine,repetitivetasks—suchasdataentry,basiccustomerservice,andevensomeaspectsoflegalandmedicaldiagnostics.However,AIalsopossessesthecapacitytoaugmenthumancapabilities.Infieldsrangingfromdrugdiscoverytoclimatemodeling,AIcanprocessvastamountsofdataatspeedsunattainablebyhumans,identifyingpatternsandgeneratinginsightsthatdriveinnovation.Thissymbioticrelationship,wherehumansandAIcollaborate,isoftenreferredtoas"intelligenceaugmentation."Thechallengeliesinthetransitionperiod.WorkersdisplacedbyautomationmaylacktheskillsrequiredforthenewrolescreatedbyAI.This"skillsgap"posesasignificantriskofincreasinginequality.Tomitigatethis,arobusteducationalresponseisnecessary.Curriculumsmustshiftfromrotelearningtofosteringcriticalthinking,creativity,andemotionalintelligence—skillsthatarelesssusceptibletoautomation.Furthermore,theconceptofworkitselfmayneedredefinition.AsAIincreasesproductivity,thepotentialforreducedworkinghourscouldbecomeareality,providedtheeconomicgainsaredistributedequitably.Policy-makersfacethedifficulttaskofupdatinglaborlawsandsocialsafetynetstoensurethatthebenefitsofAIaresharedbroadly,ratherthanconcentratedinthehandsofafewtechmonopolies.11.TheauthormentionstheIndustrialRevolutiontoillustratethat______.[A]technologicalprogressalwaysleadstosocialunrest[B]historyisareliablepredictorofthefuture[C]technologytypicallydestroysoldjobswhilecreatingnewones[D]artisanallaborwassuperiortofactorywork12.Accordingtothetext,"intelligenceaugmentation"refersto______.[A]AIreplacinghumanintelligenceentirely[B]humansusingAItoenhancetheirownabilities[C]thedevelopmentofAIwithhuman-likeemotions[D]atheoreticalstagewhereAIsurpasseshumanIQ13.WhatisidentifiedastheprimaryriskduringthetransitiontoanAI-driveneconomy?[A]ThetotalcollapseoftheITsector.[B]TheinabilityofAItoprocesscomplexdata.[C]Awideninggapbetweentheskillsworkershaveandthoseneeded.[D]Adecreaseinthedemandforcreativepursuits.14.Whichofthefollowingskillsdoestheauthorsuggestislesslikelytobeautomated?[A]Dataentry.[B]Criticalthinking.[C]Routinediagnostics.[D]Basiccustomerservice.15.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofworkintheAIeracanbebestdescribedas______.[A]purelyoptimistic[B]cautiouslyoptimistic[C]deeplypessimistic[D]strictlyneutralText2Theglobalfoodsystemisunderunprecedentedstrain.Climatechange,populationgrowth,andsoildegradationarethreateningourabilitytofeedtheworld'sprojected10billioninhabitantsby2050.Traditionalagriculturalpractices,whilesuccessfulinthepast,areoftenunsustainableinthelongtermduetotheirheavyrelianceonchemicalfertilizers,pesticides,andexcessivewaterusage.Inresponsetothesechallenges,aquietrevolutionistakingplaceinthefieldsof"agritech."Verticalfarming,oneofthemostpromisinginnovations,involvesgrowingcropsinstackedlayerswithincontrolledenvironments.Byoptimizinglight,temperature,andhumidity,verticalfarmscanproduceyieldsyear-round,regardlessofexternalweatherconditions.Thismethodsignificantlyreduceslanduseandeliminatestheneedforharmfulpesticides,astheclosed-loopsystemminimizesexposuretopests.Anotherbreakthroughisthedevelopmentofprecisionagriculture.Usingsatelliteimagery,drones,andIoTsensors,farmerscanmonitorthehealthoftheircropsinreal-time.Thisdata-drivenapproachallowsforthepreciseapplicationofwaterandnutrients,reducingwasteandenvironmentalimpact.Forexample,insteadofsprayinganentirefieldwithfertilizer,adronecantargetspecificplantsthatshowsignsofnutrientdeficiency.Lab-grownmeat,orculturedmeat,isalsogainingtractionasasustainablealternativetoconventionallivestockfarming.Thelivestockindustryisamajorcontributortogreenhousegasemissionsandconsumesvastamountsofwaterandland.Culturedmeatinvolvescultivatinganimalmusclecellsinalab,bypassingtheneedtoraiseandslaughteranimals.Whilecurrentlyexpensive,proponentsarguethatasthetechnologyscales,itwillbecomecost-competitiveanddrasticallyreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofmeatconsumption.Criticsarguethatthesehigh-techsolutionsareinaccessibletosmall-scalefarmersindevelopingregions,whoconstitutethemajorityoftheworld'sfoodproducers.Theywarnthatatech-heavyfoodsystemcouldleadtogreatercorporatecontroloveragriculture.Therefore,thepathforwardrequiresnotonlytechnologicalinnovationbutalsoinclusivepoliciesthatensurethesetoolsareadaptedandaccessibletoallfarmers,regardlessofscale.16.Accordingtothetext,traditionalagricultureiscriticizedforits______.[A]inabilitytofeedthecurrentpopulation[B]heavydependenceonchemicalinputs[C]lackoftechnologicalintegration[D]resistancetochange17.Verticalfarmingofferstheadvantageof______.[A]reducingthecostofproductionsignificantly[B]beingeasilyaccessibletoallfarmersglobally[C]eliminatingtheneedforwaterentirely[D]decouplingproductionfromexternalweatherconditions18.Howdoesprecisionagriculturebenefittheenvironment?[A]Itreplacesfarmerswithautomateddrones.[B]Itallowsforthespecifictargetingofresources.[C]Itincreasesthespeedofcropgrowth.[D]Itreliessolelyonsatellitedata.19.Whatisthemainenvironmentalbenefitoflab-grownmeatmentionedinthetext?[A]Itischeapertoproducethantraditionalmeat.[B]Itimprovesthenutritionalvalueofmeat.[C]Itreducestheresourceintensityoflivestockfarming.[D]Iteliminatestheneedforanyanimalcells.20.Theauthorconcludesthetextbyemphasizingtheneedfor______.[A]moreinvestmentinhigh-techsolutions[B]afocusonsmall-scaletraditionalfarming[C]policiesthatmaketechnologyaccessibletosmallfarmers[D]abanonconventionallivestockfarmingText3Theconceptof"culturalappropriation"hasbecomeaflashpointincontemporarydiscourse.Itgenerallyreferstotheadoptionofelementsofoneculturebymembersofanotherculture,oftenadominantculture,withoutpermission,respect,orunderstanding.ThiscanrangefromwearingNativeAmericanheaddressesasfashionaccessoriestowhitemusiciansprofitingfrombluesgenrespioneeredbyBlackartistswithoutacknowledgingtheirorigins.Proponentsofthestrictviewonculturalappropriationarguethatitisaformofneocolonialism.Theycontendthatwhenadominantculture"borrows"fromamarginalizedculture,itoftenstripstheelementsoftheiroriginalmeaningandcommodifiesthem.Thisdynamic,theyargue,perpetuatespowerimbalances,astheoriginatorsoftheculturerarelybenefitfromitscommercialexploitation,whileoutsidersarerewardedforit.Forinstance,thefashionindustryhasfrequentlyfacedcriticismforprintingsacredsymbolsonmass-producedclothingwithoutunderstandingtheirspiritualsignificance.However,othersarguethatcultureisinherentlyfluidandthatexchangebetweenculturesisanaturalpartofhumanhistory.Theypointoutthatcivilizationshavealwaysborrowedfromoneanother—theWestadoptedthenumeralsystemfromIndia,andJapaneseanimedrawsheavilyfromWesternanimation.Fromthisperspective,policingculturalboundariescanleadtoculturalstagnationandsegregation.Theyarguethataslongastheexchangeisdonewithrespectandcreditisgivenwheredue,itcanfostercross-culturalunderstandingandinnovation.Thedistinctionoftenliesinthecontextandthepowerdynamicsinvolved.Appreciationinvolveslearningaboutandhonoringthehistoryandsignificanceofaculturalpractice.Appropriation,initsnegativesense,involvestakingsomethingforitsaestheticvaluewhileignoringitsdeepercontextormockingit.Forexample,learningtocookatraditionaldishfromaspecificcultureandsharingitshistoryisgenerallyseenasappreciation.Sellingthesamedishwhileclaimingtohaveinventeditormakingfunofthetraditionaleatinghabitswouldbeappropriation.Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiressensitivityandawillingnesstolisten.Itisnotaboutforbiddingcross-culturalinteraction,butaboutengagingwithitinawaythatismindfulofhistoricalinjusticesandcurrentinequalities.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyglobalized,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenrespectfulexchangeandexploitativeappropriationbecomesevermoreimportant.21.Whatisthedefinitionofculturalappropriationprovidedinthetext?[A]Theexchangeofideasbetweenequalcultures.[B]Theadoptionofelementsbyadominantculturewithoutunderstanding.[C]Theprotectionofminorityculturesfromoutsideinfluence.[D]Thenaturalevolutionofculturalpracticesovertime.22.Theexampleof"whitemusiciansprofitingfromblues"isusedtoillustrate______.[A]thefluidityofmusicalgenres[B]thecommodificationofmarginalizedculture[C]thesuccessofcross-culturalcollaboration[D]thehistoryofAmericanmusic23.Criticsofstrictviewsonculturalappropriationbelievethat______.[A]culturalexchangeleadstosegregation[B]cultureshouldremainstaticandpure[C]borrowingisaformofneocolonialism[D]policingculturepreventsnaturalevolution24.Accordingtothetext,thekeydifferencebetweenappreciationandappropriationis______.[A]theaestheticvalueoftheelement[B]thecommercialpotentialofthepractice[C]thecontextandpowerdynamicsinvolved[D]thelegalpermissionrequired25.Theauthor’stoneinthispassageisbestdescribedas______.[A]dogmatic[B]balanced[C]dismissive[D]sarcasticText4Intherealmofastrophysics,thediscoveryofexoplanets—planetsorbitingstarsoutsideoursolarsystem—hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Forcenturies,humanswonderedifwewerealoneinthecosmos.Theconfirmationofthousandsofexoplanetssuggeststhatplanetarysystemsaretheruleratherthantheexception.However,thesearchfora"secondEarth,"ahabitableplanetcapableofsustaininglife,remainstheholygrailofastronomy.Thehabitablezone,oftendubbedthe"Goldilockszone,"istheregionaroundastarwhereconditionsarejustright—neithertoohotnortoocold—forliquidwatertoexistonaplanet'ssurface.Liquidwaterisconsideredaprerequisiteforlifeasweknowit.However,simplybeinginthehabitablezoneisnotenough.Aplanet'satmosphereplaysacrucialroleinregulatingsurfacetemperature.Venus,forexample,liesintheSun'shabitablezone,butitsthickatmosphereofcarbondioxidecreatesarunawaygreenhouseeffect,makingitthehottestplanetinthesolarsystem.Recentadvancementsintelescopetechnology,particularlytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),haveallowedscientiststoanalyzetheatmospheresofdistantexoplanets.Byobservingthelightthatpassesthroughaplanet'satmosphereasittransitsitsstar,astronomerscandetectthespectralsignaturesofmoleculeslikewatervapor,carbondioxide,andmethane.These"biosignatures"couldindicatethepresenceofbiologicalactivity.Thedetectionofbiosignaturesisfraughtwithcomplexity.Abioticprocesses,suchasvolcanicactivity,canalsoproducemethaneandothergases.Therefore,scientistsmustlookforcombinationsofgasesthatwouldbechemicallyunstabletogetherunlessreplenishedbylife—aconceptknownas"chemicaldisequilibrium."Forinstance,thesimultaneouspresenceofoxygenandmethaneinanEarth-likeatmosphereisastrongbiosignature,asthesegasesreactrapidlywitheachotherandwoulddisappearwithoutconstantbiologicalreplenishment.Whilewehavenotyetfounddefinitiveproofofextraterrestriallife,thefieldismovingrapidly.ThemereexistenceofEarth-likeplanetsforcesustoconfrontphilosophicalquestionsaboutourplaceintheuniverse.Itsuggeststhatlifecouldbecommonplace,orperhaps,thatEarthisarareandpreciousanomaly.Eitherconclusionwouldhaveprofoundimplicationsforhumanity'sfutureandourunderstandingofbiology.26.The"Goldilockszone"referstotheareawhere______.[A]starsareformed[B]liquidwatercanexist[C]planetsareclosesttothesun[D]atmosphericpressureishighest27.WhyisVenusmentionedinthetext?[A]ToprovethatlifeexistsoutsideEarth.[B]Toillustratethelimitationsofthehabitablezoneconcept.[C]TocompareitssizetoEarth.[D]ToshowthesuccessoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.28.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)helpsscientistsby______.[A]travelingtoexoplanetstocollectsamples[B]blockinglightfromstarstoseeplanets[C]analyzingthechemicalcompositionofatmospheres[D]detectingradiosignalsfromaliencivilizations29.Whatis"chemicaldisequilibrium"?[A]Astatewheregasesreactviolently.[B]Abalanceofgasestypicalofdeadplanets.[C]Anatmosphericmixsuggestingbiologicalactivity.[D]Alackofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.30.Themainideaofthepassageis______.[A]thetechnicalspecificationsoftheJWST[B]thesearchforhabitableexoplanetsandsignsoflife[C]thehistoryofthesolarsystem[D]thephilosophicalimplicationsofbeingalonePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(31-35).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]ThePsychologicalTollofRemoteWork[B]RedefiningtheConceptof"Office"[C]TheEconomicImplicationsforUrbanCenters[D]TheShifttoHybridModels[E]ChallengesinTeamCohesion[F]TechnologicalEnablersoftheTransition[G]TheFutureofCommuting31.Thewidespreadadoptionofremoteworkhastriggeredasignificantexodusfromtraditionalcitycenters.Asemployeesnolongerneedtocommutedailytodowntownhigh-rises,thedemandforcommercialrealestatehasplummeted.Thisshifthasleftmanybusinessdistrictsstruggling,withvacancyratesrisingandlocaleconomies—reliantonthefoottrafficofofficeworkers—facingadownturn.Coffeeshops,restaurants,anddrycleanersthatonceservedthelunchcrowdarenowrethinkingtheirbusinessmodelstosurviveinalandscapewherethe9-to-5rushisathingofthepast.32.Whileflexibilityisamajorbenefit,theisolationofworkingfromhomecantakeaheavymentaltoll.Humansareinherentlysocialcreatures,andthelackofcasual,spontaneousinteractionswithcolleaguescanleadtofeelingsoflonelinessanddisconnection.Theboundarybetweenworkandpersonallifeoftenblurs,resultinginaninabilityto"switchoff,"whichcontributestoburnout.Withoutthephysicalseparationofanoffice,manyfindthemselvesworkinglongerhours,answeringemailslateintothenight,andexperiencingadeclineinoverallwell-being.33.Buildingandmaintainingacohesivecompanyculturewithoutphysicalproximityisaformidablechallenge.Newhiresmaystruggletointegrateintotheteam,missingoutonthementorshipandosmoticlearningthathappensinasharedspace.Collaborationtoolscanfacilitatetaskmanagement,buttheyoftenfailtoreplicatethenuanceofface-to-facecommunication.Misunderstandingscanarisemoreeasilyintext-basedcommunication,andthelackofnon-verbalcuescanmakeconflictresolutionmoredifficult,potentiallyweakeningtheinterpersonalfabricoftheorganization.34.Inresponsetothesechallenges,manyorganizationsaregravitatingtowardsahybridworkmodel.Thisapproachseeksacompromise,allowingemployeestosplittheirtimebetweenthehomeandtheoffice.Thegoalistobalancethedesireforflexibilityandfocus(whichhomefacilitates)withtheneedforcollaborationandsocialconnection(whichtheofficefacilitates).Implementingthismodelrequirescarefulschedulingandaredesignofofficespacestoprioritizecollaborationareasoverindividualdesks,transformingtheofficeintoadestinationforteamworkratherthanaplaceforsolitarytasks.35.Thetransitiontoremoteandhybridworkwouldnotbepossiblewithoutarobusttechnologicalinfrastructure.High-speedinternet,cloudcomputing,andplatformslikeZoomandMicrosoftTeamshavebecomethebackboneofthemodernworkplace.Thesetoolshaveevolvedrapidly,addingfeaturestosimulateanofficeenvironment,suchasvirtualwhiteboardsandbreakoutrooms.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wecanexpectfurtherinnovations,perhapsintherealmofvirtualoraugmentedreality,thatwillattempttobridgethegapbetweendigitalandphysicalpresence,makingremoteinteractionfeelmorenaturalandimmersive.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Thepursuitofhappinessisoftendefinedasanintrinsichumanright,yetthemechanismsthroughwhichweattainitremainelusive.Inmodernsociety,happinessisfrequentlyconflatedwithmaterialwealthandconsumerism.Weareconditionedtobelievethattheacquisitionofgoods—newercars,largerhouses,thelatestgadgets—willresultinlastingsatisfaction.However,socialscienceresearchconsistentlydemonstratesthatbeyondacertainpoint,increasedincomehasanegligibleimpactonemotionalwell-being.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe"hedonictreadmill,"suggeststhathumansquicklyadapttopositivechangesintheircircumstances.Asourincomerises,ourexpectationsriseintandem.Wesoonbecomeaccustomedtothenewstandardofliving,andtheinitialjoyofpurchasefades,promptingarenewedcycleofdesire.Consequently,thepursuitofmaterialgoodscanbecomeatreadmillofconsumption,requiringever-increasingeffortjusttomaintainastablelevelofhappiness.Truefulfillment,manypsychologistsargue,stemsnotfromexternalaccumulationbutfrominternalcultivation.Strongsocialconnections,asenseofpurpose,andactsofaltruismhavebeenshowntocorrelatestronglywithlifesatisfaction.Engaginginmeaningfulwork,fosteringdeeprelationships,andpracticinggratitudeareactivitiesthatnourishthepsycheinawaythatmaterialobjectscannot.Therefore,shiftingourfocusfromhavingtobeing—fromacquiringpossessionstoexperiencinglife—maybethekeytounlockingamoreauthenticandenduringsenseofjoy.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:SupposeyouarethesecretaryoftheStudentUnionatyouruniversity.Theuniversityisplanningtoorganizea"CareerDevelopmentWeek"tohelpseniorstudentsprepareforjobhunting.Writeanemailtoadistinguishedalumnus,invitinghim/hertogivealectureonresumewritingandinterviewskills.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150-200wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)ChartDescription:Thebarchartillustratesthechangesinthereadinghabitsofcollegestudentsfrom2015to2025.Thedataispresentedinthreecategories:E-books,PrintedBooks,andAudiobooks.PrintedBooks:Startedat60%in2015,showedasteadydeclineto35%in2025.E-books:Startedat25%in2015,increasedsteadilyto45%in2025.Audiobooks:Startedat5%in2015,showedagradualincreaseto15%in2025.Theremainingpercentagecorrespondsto"NoReading"orotherformats,whichremainedrelativelystablearound5%.***参考答案与详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]monopolize解析：上下文提到“注意力经济”，科技巨头竞争激烈，目的是独占或垄断用户的注意力。Distribute（分配）与竞争激烈的语境不符；ignore（忽略）和regulate（监管）不符合商业逻辑。Monopolize（垄断）符合“注意力作为稀缺商品”被争夺的语境。2.[A]where解析：这里考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是“continuouspartialattention”（一种状态），从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是需要关系副词来指代这种状态，即“在这种状态中，我们从未全神贯注”。Which指代事物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代人。Where在此处相当于inwhich。3.[C]selective解析：此处对应“数字极简主义”。该理念主张对工具要有所选择，而不是不加区分。Indiscriminate（不加区分的）与语境相反；ambitious（雄心勃勃的）和impulsive（冲动的）不符合“极简主义”的审慎态度。Selective（选择的、挑剔的）符合语境。4.[B]reflect解析：我们应该策划数字环境以反映我们的价值观和目标。Undermine（破坏）和complicate（使复杂）是消极的，不符合追求健康的初衷；detect（检测）搭配不当。Reflect（反映）符合逻辑。5.[B]resist解析：现代科技利用心理弱点，使得人们很难“抵抗”无休止滑动的冲动。Generate（产生）、analyze（分析）和satisfy（满足）都不如resist（抵抗）能体现出“成瘾性”和“挣扎”的语境。6.[A]designed解析：“无限滚动”和“可变奖励机制”是故意设计用来留住用户的。Discovered（发现）、accidental（意外的）和required（要求的）不符合“注意力经济”的操控性本质。Designed（被设计）符合被动语态和语境。7.[C]solitude解析：错失恐惧症（FOMO）驱使人们保持联系，即使他们渴望独处。Interaction（互动）和stimulation（刺激）是网络提供的，不是人们渴望逃离网络去寻求的；validation（认可）虽然也是网络提供的，但solitude（独处）与“保持连接”形成更强烈的对比。8.[D]valuing解析：我们需要文化转变，重视离线时间的价值。Spending（花费）、wasting（浪费）和saving（节省）都没有体现观念的转变。Valuing（重视）与前面的“demonize”（妖魔化）形成对比，强调对离线时间的积极看法。9.[A]harness解析：我们要利用数字工具来增强生活。Abandon（抛弃）与增强生活矛盾；manufacture（制造）和misinterpret（误解）不符合语境。Harness（驾驭、利用）是褒义词，符合“增强生活”的目的。10.[C]dominating解析：而不是被工具主宰。Improving（改善）和defining（定义）是积极的；creating（创造）语意较弱。Dominating（主宰）与前面的“enhance”（增强）形成对比，指被动受控的状态。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText111.[C]technologytypicallydestroysoldjobswhilecreatingnewones解析：作者提到工业革命是为了说明技术进步的历史规律：虽然取代了某些角色（如手工业），但也创造了新行业（如工厂、工程）。选项A“引发社会动荡”不是重点；选项B“历史是可靠的预测者”过于宽泛；选项D“手工业优于工厂工作”文中未提及。C项准确概括了例子所服务的论点。12.[B]humansusingAItoenhancetheirownabilities解析：文中明确提到“intelligenceaugmentation”是指人类与AI协作，AI处理数据，人类负责创新。A项“完全取代”和C项“类人情感”不符；D项“超越人类智商”不是重点。B项“利用AI增强自身能力”符合定义。13.[C]Awideninggapbetweentheskillsworkershaveandthoseneeded.解析：文中指出“技能差距”是主要风险，即被取代的工人缺乏新工作所需的技能。A、B、D项均不是文中强调的主要风险。C项准确对应“skillsgap”。14.[B]Criticalthinking.解析：文章提到教育应培养批判性思维、创造力和情商，因为这些技能不太容易被自动化。A、C、D项文中明确指出是AI容易自动化的常规任务。B项符合题意。15.[B]cautiouslyoptimistic解析：作者认为现实是微妙的，AI既有破坏性也有建设性，虽然存在挑战（如不平等），但通过教育政策可以缓解。既不是纯粹乐观（A），也不是深度悲观（C），而是持谨慎乐观的态度（B）。Text216.[B]heavydependenceonchemicalinputs解析：文中提到传统农业不可持续是因为严重依赖化肥、农药和过度用水。A项“无法养活现有人口”文中未说；C项“缺乏技术整合”不是主要批评点；D项“抵制变革”未提及。B项正确。17.[D]decouplingproductionfromexternalweatherconditions解析：垂直农业的优势在于受控环境，全年生产，不受外部天气影响。A项“降低成本”文中未提（目前可能还高）；B项“所有农民可及”与文中批评相反；C项“完全不需要水”错误（只需减少）。D项正确。18.[B]Itallowsforthespecifictargetingofresources.解析：精准农业利用数据实现精准施水和施肥，减少浪费。A项“用无人机取代农民”太绝对；C项“加快生长”不是重点；D项“仅依赖卫星”片面。B项“精准定位资源”符合文意。19.[C]Itreducestheresourceintensityoflivestockfarming.解析：实验室培育肉的主要环保好处是减少传统畜牧业的资源消耗（水、土地）和排放。A项“便宜”目前不成立；B项“提高营养”未提；D项“不需要动物细胞”错误（就是动物细胞培养）。C项正确。20.[C]policiesthatmaketechnologyaccessibletosmallfarmers解析