2026届河南省高三语文高考一模模拟试卷（含参考答案解析与作文范文）

2026届河南省高三语文高考一模模拟试卷（含参考答案解析与作文范文）学校：______________班级：______________姓名：______________考号：______________考试时间：150分钟满分：150分题号一二三四总分得分阅卷人注意事项：1．本卷为2026届河南省高三语文高考一模阶段检测卷，含试题、作答区、参考答案解析与作文范文。2．答题前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名、考号填写清楚；选择题请将答案填入答题表，主观题写在相应作答区。3．答题时须书写工整，表述准确；作文不得套作，不得泄露个人真实信息。4．试卷分现代文阅读、古代诗文阅读、语言文字运用和写作四部分，分值合计150分。题号12367810(1)121314答案一、现代文阅读（35分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—5题。材料一黄河流经河南，在中原大地上留下了丰厚的地理、农耕、城市和精神记忆。今天谈黄河文化保护，不能只把它看成古迹修缮或景观展示，而应把它放到人与河流长期相处的历史中考察。治水、用水、敬水、护水，构成了黄河流域文明演进的基本线索。许多城镇因河而兴，也曾因水患而迁；许多村落保留着与渡口、堤防、渠系相关的地名和习俗，这些细部信息一旦消失，宏大的叙事就会失去可触摸的根。近年来，黄河国家文化公园建设进入系统推进阶段。与传统“点状保护”相比，文化公园更强调廊道思维：把沿线遗址、博物馆、村镇、湿地、非遗工坊和研学路线连成整体，使文化资源在公共空间中被看见、被理解、被使用。廊道并不是简单地把景点串联起来，它需要回答三个问题：哪些资源最能体现黄河文化的核心价值，怎样让地方生活与公共教育相互支撑，如何在旅游开发与生态承载之间保持分寸。数字技术为黄河文化保护打开了新的路径。通过三维扫描、遥感测绘、口述史采集和开放数据库，文物形态、河道变迁、村落故事可以被更完整地保存。技术的意义不在于制造炫目的屏幕效果，而在于建立可更新、可检索、可共享的知识系统。只有当数字档案服务于研究、教育、修复和社区参与时，它才真正进入文化保护的内在环节。与此同时，数字化也可能带来新的遮蔽。若只追求沉浸式影像和流量传播，地方知识容易被压缩成少数符号；若忽视基层讲述者，文化就会变成远离生活的展陈文本。黄河文化的生命力，正在于它既有王朝兴替、工程治理这样的宏大层面，也有灌溉、渡船、庙会、曲艺、家风这样的日常层面。保护工作必须让两者相互照亮。面向高质量发展，黄河文化保护还应坚持“以水定城、以文育人、以业养文”。“以水定城”要求城镇建设尊重河湖水系和生态边界；“以文育人”要求学校、博物馆、社区共同开发可体验的课程；“以业养文”并非把文化完全商品化，而是通过合理的文创、研学、演艺和志愿服务，让保护形成持续的社会动力。文化保护的目标不是把过去封存在玻璃柜中，而是让历史经验转化为今天处理人与自然、个人与共同体关系的能力。材料二某研究组对河南沿黄八个县区的公共文化空间进行了调查。调查发现，县域博物馆、乡村记忆馆和非遗传习所正在成为青少年理解家乡的重要入口。多数学生愿意参加与黄河相关的研学活动，但他们更期待“能亲手做、能听当地人讲、能与课本知识相连”的活动，而不是单纯参观展板。研究组还发现，一些地方在开发黄河文化项目时，容易出现“同质化包装”：入口处是相似的标语，展厅里是相似的沙盘，文创产品停留在图案挪用层面。相反，那些把地方水工遗存、老匠人口述、传统手艺和校园课程结合起来的项目，往往参与度更高，持续性也更强。其原因在于，真实的地方经验能够激发学生的追问，促使他们从“看热闹”转向“做研究”。调查报告提出，县域黄河文化建设要避免两种偏向：一是把文化资源只当成旅游卖点，导致内容浅表化；二是把文化保护只当成专业部门工作，导致公众参与不足。较为可行的做法，是建立“学校提出问题—场馆提供材料—社区讲述经验—学生形成成果”的协作机制。这样，文化空间不仅是参观地点，也成为问题学习、劳动体验和公民教育的现场。从语文学习角度看，黄河文化材料还提示考生：阅读信息类文本不能只抓关键词，更要辨析概念之间的关系。比如“保护”与“开发”并非简单对立，关键在于开发是否服从生态边界和教育价值；“数字化”也不等同于屏幕化，关键在于能否保存知识、连接社区并促进公共理解。因此，面对同类材料，考生既要把握作者的核心立场，也要注意材料之间的互证关系。材料一偏重提出原则和路径，材料二偏重调查现象和具体机制；二者共同指向一种判断：文化资源只有进入真实生活、教育过程和公共参与，才能获得持续生命。1．下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分）A．黄河文化保护的主要任务是恢复古迹原貌，因此数字技术只具有辅助展示价值。B．文化公园建设只要把沿线景点连接成旅游线路，就能完成廊道保护目标。C．黄河文化保护既要关注治水工程、城市变迁等宏观内容，也要重视村落习俗、地方讲述等日常内容。D．县域黄河文化项目同质化的根源在于学生缺少参观兴趣，因而需要减少研学活动。答：______________________________________________________________2．根据材料内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（3分）A．材料一认为，数字档案若能服务研究、教育、修复和社区参与，就能进入文化保护的关键环节。B．材料二显示，学生对研学活动的期待并非停留在观看层面，而是希望获得体验和探究机会。C．“以业养文”强调通过合理产业增强保护动力，但并不等于把文化资源完全商品化。D．只要建立学校、场馆、社区协作机制，就可以彻底消除旅游开发和生态承载之间的矛盾。答：______________________________________________________________3．下列选项中，最适合作为论据支撑材料一“让宏大层面与日常层面相互照亮”观点的一项是（3分）A．某地修复古堤时同步采访沿线老人，记录堤工号子、迁村记忆和家庭防汛故事，并将其纳入校本课程。B．某景区复制外地热门演艺模式，扩大夜游规模，以提高节假日客流量。C．某展馆用巨幅屏幕循环播放黄河航拍视频，但未说明河段、水文和地方生活情况。D．某县统一采购带有黄河图案的纪念品，在所有场馆门口集中售卖。答：______________________________________________________________4．请结合材料一，概括黄河文化保护中“以水定城、以文育人、以业养文”的内涵。（8分）答：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．河南某沿黄县计划建设面向高三学生的“一模后黄河文化综合研学课程”。请依据两则材料，为该课程设计四项实施要点，并说明理由。（18分）答：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、古代诗文阅读（35分）（一）文言文阅读。阅读下面的文言文，完成6—9题。王汝舟，陈州人也。少好学，性沉毅。乡里岁饥，富民闭粟以待价，汝舟白县令曰：“民困至此，仓廪虽虚，豪家之积足以济急。请先谕以义，后示以法。”令从之，富民争出粟，活者数千人。后调河阴主簿。县北有旧堤，久废不治，夏潦暴至，水循故道入民田。或言役民费财，不如听其自退。汝舟曰：“水退而田沙，岁复一岁，民将何赖？今劳一月，可安十年。”乃身先负畚，日与工徒处。民感其诚，趋役者倍。堤成，水不得入，秋获大稔。有客劝汝舟因功求荐，汝舟曰：“吾治堤非市名也。民得收获，即吾荐书。”上官闻之，召问治水方。汝舟对曰：“治水者，先审地势，次察民情。地势不审，则堤渠失宜；民情不察，则虽有成法不能久守。且官司立法，当使民知其利，不可徒责其力。”上官善其言。明年，大河旁决，邻县争筑高堰，水壅而急。汝舟独开旧渠以分其势，又令沿村设望水者，昼夜更番。或笑曰：“君多此一举。”数日，水骤涨，赖旧渠泄之，河阴独无大患。时人称其不侥幸于一时，而能计久远。6．下列对文中画线句的断句，正确的一项是（3分）A．治水者/先审地势/次察民情/地势不审/则堤渠失宜/民情不察/则虽有成法不能久守B．治水者先审/地势次察/民情地势/不审则堤渠/失宜民情不察/则虽有成法不能久守C．治水者先审地势/次察民情地势/不审则堤渠失宜/民情不察则/虽有成法/不能久守D．治水者/先审地势次察/民情地势不审/则堤渠失宜民情/不察则虽有成法/不能久守答：______________________________________________________________7．下列对文中词语及相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）A．“白县令”中的“白”是禀告、陈述的意思，与“白帝城”中的“白”含义不同。B．“大稔”指庄稼丰收，“稔”与“五谷丰登”中的“丰”在语义上有相通处。C．“市名”中的“市”是买取、谋取的意思，文中指把治堤功劳当作求名手段。D．“更番”指更改番次，文中表示临时取消巡守安排，以免百姓劳累。答：______________________________________________________________8．下列对原文有关内容的概述，不正确的一项是（3分）A．王汝舟在乡里饥荒时主张先晓谕富民以道义，再辅以法令，促成富民出粟救急。B．王汝舟认为废堤若不整治，会使百姓长期受害，因此亲自参与修堤，带动民众。C．王汝舟借修堤之功主动索取荐书，上官因此召见他并询问治理水患的方法。D．邻县筑高堰造成水势壅急时，王汝舟开旧渠分流，并安排村民轮值观水。答：______________________________________________________________9．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语，并概括王汝舟治水能够成功的原因。（10分）（1）今劳一月，可安十年。答：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）官司立法，当使民知其利，不可徒责其力。答：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）原因概括：答：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（二）古代诗歌阅读。阅读下面这首诗，完成10题。豫南早春赴试晓雾初开古驿东，麦苗青处见归鸿。一鞭不负寒窗月，半卷犹闻故里风。野渡冰消人语近，官桥柳动水痕空。明朝若问行途意，愿把春声写卷中。10．阅读诗歌，完成下面两问。（10分）（1）下列对这首诗的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（3分）A．首联以“晓雾”“古驿”“麦苗”“归鸿”等意象点明早春赴试的时间和环境。B．颔联写诗人想到寒窗苦读与故里风声，既有自勉，也有对家乡的牵念。C．颈联“人语近”“水痕空”写旅途荒凉冷落，表现诗人对前程的完全绝望。D．尾联将“春声”与“卷中”相连，表达把所见所感融入考试文章的愿望。答：______________________________________________________________（2）本诗怎样表现高三学子赴考前的心理状态？请结合诗句简要分析。（7分）答：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。（6分）（1）杜甫《登高》中，“________________，________________”两句从空间和时间两方面写出诗人漂泊与年老多病之苦。（2）苏轼《赤壁赋》中，“________________，________________”两句以水月作比，说明事物变与不变的统一。（3）《论语》中，孔子用“________________，________________”强调学习与思考应当结合，偏废任何一方都不可取。答：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、语言文字运用（20分）阅读下面的文字，完成12—14题。进入高三后期复习，许多同学会发现，语文成绩的提升并不只取决于刷题数量，更取决于能否把散落的知识整理成可迁移的方法。面对一篇陌生文本，有人急于寻找“标准套路”，结果忽视了文本自身的层次和语气；有人害怕主观题，便把答案写得空泛，缺少材料依据。真正有效的复习，应当把阅读、表达和思维训练结合起来。在一模前后的阶段，复盘比盲目加量更重要。复盘不是把错题抄一遍，而是追问错误发生的环节：是概念混淆，还是审题不清；是材料信息遗漏，还是表达顺序混乱。只有找到原因，下一次作答才有可能更稳定。在语文备考中，语言文字运用题看似细小，却能集中考查阅读、判断和表达能力。词语选择要看搭配对象，病句修改要先找结构主干，语段补写要顺着上下文的逻辑推进。若把这些题只当作零散知识点，就容易陷入记得多、用不准的困境。12．依次填入文中横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是（3分）一模前的复习，应从“做过很多题”转向“真正会用题”。同学们要把典型题目中的思维路径________出来，把常见失分点________出来，再用新的材料进行验证，才能形成较为稳固的能力。A．提炼标识B．推断标榜C．摘录标价D．复制标定答：______________________________________________________________13．下列填入文中括号内的语句，衔接最恰当的一项是（3分）教师在讲评试卷时，若只公布答案，学生往往知道“错在哪里”，却不知道“为什么错”；（），学生才能把一次考试转化为下一阶段复习的起点。A．只有把评分依据、答题路径和文本证据讲清楚B．即使把所有题目都重新抄写一遍C．如果把考试结果简单归结为发挥好坏D．只要让学生记住更多固定表述答：______________________________________________________________14．文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（4分）画线句：通过复盘错题，使学生能够发现阅读习惯中的薄弱环节和表达逻辑中的断点。A．通过复盘错题，学生能够发现阅读习惯中的薄弱环节和表达逻辑中的断点。B．通过复盘错题，使学生能够发现阅读习惯中的薄弱环节是否存在断点。C．复盘错题，使学生能够发现阅读习惯中的薄弱环节和表达逻辑。D．学生通过复盘错题，能够发现阅读习惯中的薄弱环节和表达逻辑中的断点被发现。答：______________________________________________________________阅读下面的文字，完成15—16题。在县城新建的综合书房里，几名高三学生利用周末整理地方志中的黄河资料。他们发现，同一条河在不同年代的记录中呈现出不同面貌：有时是交通通道，有时是灌溉来源，有时又是需要合力防守的险情。学生把这些材料做成时间轴，并采访了附近村庄的老人。老人讲到旧渠、渡口和麦收，也讲到近年生态修复后鸟类增多的变化。这次活动让学生意识到，语文学习并不局限于课堂。阅读地方志需要筛选信息，采访需要倾听和追问，整理成果需要准确表达。更重要的是，他们从家乡的变化中理解了“人与自然相互成就”的含义。15．请在文段横线处补写恰当语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，每处不超过18个字。（6分）（1）同一条河在不同年代的记录中呈现出不同面貌，这是因为________________。（2）学生采访老人，并不是为了替代文献阅读，而是为了________________。（3）从课堂到地方现场，语文学习的边界被打开，学生也因此________________。答：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16．请把上述活动压缩成一则不超过70字的校园简讯，要求信息完整、语言简明。（4分）答：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、写作（60分）17．阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。（60分）高三一模之后，有同学说：“这次考试把我的问题全暴露出来了，心里很慌。”也有同学说：“暴露问题并不可怕，关键是把问题转化为下一步行动。”还有同学想到家乡黄河岸边的春耕：土地经过冬天的沉寂，只有翻土、蓄水、播种，才可能迎来收获。以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请写一篇文章。要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得泄露个人真实信息；不少于800字。作文书写区：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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