北京朝阳区2025-2026学年度第二学期期末检测高一英语试卷（含答案）

北京朝阳区2025-2026学年度第二学期期末检测高一英语试卷一、完形填空WhenIwasateenager,therewasaspecialshopinmytown.Itsoldmanylovelythings,likebeautifulstones,greetingcards,andabouteverythingelseateenagesoulcould___1___.Onmyfifteenthbirthday,Iboughtalittleunicornornamentthere.Fiftyyearslater,itstillsitsonmybookshelf.Oneday,Lona,mylittlegranddaughter,toldmeexcitedly,“Granny,it’sNationalUnicornDaythisFriday!”“Oh,isit?”Ismiled.___2___,shecontinued.“Weallbringsomethingunicornyandtheclassvotes.Thebestonewinsaprize!”Hereyes___3___.“Iwaswondering...couldItakeyourspecialunicorn?I’llbe___4___.”Shehesitated.“I’dlovetowinjustonce.”Afloodofemotionscameoverme.Allmyteenage___5___areconnectedtotheunicorn,whichaccompaniedmeforyears.Itsattractionformewasitsmysteryand___6___,asecretthatonlyIhadaccesstowhenIwantedto___7___theordinaryworld.Iwantedtorefuseher,butIcouldn’t.Lonaisashy,uncertainkidwithonlyafewfriends.Shetrieshardtofitin,buteachtimeshefails,her___8___weakens.ForLona,theunicornmeanshavingsomethingincommonwithherlittleplaymates——being___9___.So,Ismiledandshehadheranswer.Isn’titagoodthingthatthesedayseverychildcanfindaunicorneasilywhenevertheyneedone?Theimportantthingistobelieveinits___10___.Andifyoudo,theworldcanbeanicerplaceforalittlewhile.1.A．bringB．desireC．considerD．remember2.A．ChallengedB．RelaxedC．EncouragedD．Satisfied3.A．shinedB．closedC．softenedD．shifted4.A．kindB．carefulC．patientD．honest5.A．memoriesB．lessonsC．choicesD．hobbies6.A．usefulnessB．familiarityC．popularityD．specialness7.A．returntoB．dealwithC．lookforD．escapefrom8.A．ambitionB．confidenceC．interestD．energy9.A．includedB．protectedC．rewardedD．admired10.A．beautyB．natureC．magicD．purpose二、选词填空effectivejoyousoccurovercomeapartfrombebasedonengageincomeupwithrefertotakechargeof11.Themovie________areal-lifestory.12.Wediscussedthecaseand________aplan.13.He________thefarmafterhisfatherretired.14.She________injuriestowintheOlympicgoldmedal.15.Hedecidedthathewouldn’tletthatsituation________again.16.Nowadays,alargenumberofpeople________regularexercise.17.________personalefforts,teamworkplaysakeyroleinourstudy.18.Thislearningmethodisparticularly________inmemorizingvocabulary.19.Weshouldoften________officialplatformsforreliabledigitalresources.20.Theyaresinging________songstocelebratethearrivaloftheNationalDay.三、语法填空21.________(devote)towritingfilms,hefinallyachievedglobalsuccess.22.Thehouse,________(build)in1760,hassurvivedtwomajordisasters.23.Reviewingnotesregularly________(help)rememberkeypointsbetter.24.Theexpertwith________youtalkedjustnowknowsdataanalysiswell.25.Theyjoinedanenvironmentalclub,________(hope)toprotectthelocalrivers.26.________impressestheworldmostaboutChinaisitsrapideconomicdevelopment.27.Wearelookingforwardto________(attend)theonlinelectureonspaceexploration.28.Manyyoungpeopleenjoy________(create)shortvideostosharetheirdailylifeonline.29.Thekeytosolvingtheproblemis________(find)asolutionthatmeetseveryone’sneeds.30.Itiswidelybelieved________astablefamilyenvironmentiscrucialforachild’sgrowth.四、阅读理解ALovetravelphotography?Perhapsyou’vebeenonholidayabroadortravellingwithintheUKrecently?Thenationalroundof2026EISAMaestroPhotographyContestisopenforentries!FoundedsixteenyearsagobytheExpertImagingandSoundAssociation(EISA),thiscontestencouragesyou—hobbyistsorsemi-professionalphotographers—toshowyourownunderstandingofthisyear’stheme“Travelling”.RulesThecontesthastwocategories:SingleandSeries.IntheSinglecategory,youmaypresentonepicturebasedonthisyear’stheme.IntheSeriescategory,youmaypresentasetof5-8picturesbasedonthetheme.Youmaycompeteinonecategoryonly.Allentriesmustbedigitalandmustnothavewonaprizeinanyothercompetition.AI-generatedimagesandpicturesolderthan2023areexcluded.Emailyourentrytoap.Maestro@kelsey.co.uk.ImagesmustbeJPEGandaminimumof2,000pixels(像素)onthelongestside.Entriesmustcomewithyourname,postaladdress,emailandphonenumber.JudgingandPrizesThetopthreeineachcategorywillbechosenbytheteamat

AmateurPhotographer

(AP)magazine.TheywillbepublishedinanAugust2026issueof

AP

andreceiveaprizeof€500.Additionally,thefirst-placewinnerswillreceiveaone-yeardigitalsubscriptionto

AP

andwillgoforwardtotheinternationalround.Thewinningentriesfromeachofthe15participatingEISAcountrieswillthenbejudgedtogetherattheAssociation’sGeneralMeetinginOctober2026.ThefinalresultswillbecelebratedattheEISAAwardsGalaonDecember15th,2026.Singlepicturewinnerwillreceive€1,000andanEISAMaestroTrophy(奖杯)whilepictureserieswinnerwillreceive€2,000andanEISAMaestroTrophy.Grabyourcamera,recordyourjourney,andshareyouruniquetravelstorieswiththeworld!31.TheEISAMaestroPhotographyContestaimsto________.A．promotetheme-basedtravelB．celebratethefoundingofEISAC．trainprofessionalphotographersD．encourageexplorationofatheme32.Whichofthefollowingphotoscanbeallowedinthecontest?A．PNGphotos.B．Photosinprint.C．Photostakenin2024.D．Award-winningphotos.33.First-placewinnersinthenationalroundwill________.A．winaprizeof€1,000B．advancetointernationaljudgingC．beannouncedonDecember15th,2026D．enjoyaprintsubscriptionfromAPforayearBThestartofEmClarkson’srunningjourneywasmarkedbynegativity.Asateenager,shetookuprunningonlyforweightloss,apainfulexchangeofcaloriesforself-worth—nothingtodowithenjoymentorgoodmentalhealth.Sheexplains,“I’dexercisejusttoloseweightanditneverworkedbecauseIhatedit.”Yearslater,oncethedarkdaysofschoolPEwereamemory,shetriedagain.Butasshesays,shestillfoundithardtoruntheannoyingfirstmile.Thatsinglemileprovedimpossibleforalongtime,until2025,whenEmwasaskedifshewantedtorunamarathonandshe—forsomeunaccountablereason,aftersomanyfalsestarts—saidyes!Shestartedtrainingandmadeahugebreakthrough.Thistime,shegottotheonceunreachablemilemarkerandslappedthewallthatmarkedthedistance.Butthemostsignificantshiftwasn’tphysical;itwaspsychological.Justbeforetherace,Emrememberedcatchingherselflookinginthemirrorandthinkingthatshewasn’tfitenoughtodoit.Sherealizedshehadalwaysthoughtshewasn’treadybecauseshedidn’tlookready.Shesays,“Ihadthisrealshiftinmindsetatthatmoment.WhileIwaswaitingtolooklikearunner,I’dactuallybecomeone.”ThatrealizationchangedeverythingforEm.Thefocusshiftedentirelytomentalbenefits.Runningbecameapowerfultoolforhermentalhealth.Shefoundprideinherbodyandarealpassionforthephysicalchallenge.Afewyearslater,EmandherfriendsstartedtocallthemselvestheHAGS(HaveAGos).Theyhavebuiltasupportivecommunityforrunners,whoreceivepre-racetraining,joinvariousracesandruntogetheroneventdays.Em’smessagetootherrunnersisacalltoself-compassion(自我关怀),“Youdon’thavetobegoodatsomethingtotryitortokeepdoingit.Ifyouhaterunning,don’trun.Ifyouarebadatrunningbutyouloveit,doit.Likeinlife,dowhatmakesyouhappy,evenwhenthatlooksdifferentfromwhatyouexpected.”34.WhydidEmClarksonworkoutinherteenageyears?A．ToimprovePEgrade.B．Tostrengthenmentalfitness.C．Toachieveabetterbodyshape.D．Tobuildupoverallphysicalstrength.35.WhatdidEmClarksonrealizebeforeherfirstmarathon?A．Waitingtolooklikearunnerheldherback.B．Sheneededtolosemoreweighttobeready.C．Shewasprofessionalenoughtocompletetherace.D．Physicalappearancematteredforherperformance.36.WhatdoweknowabouttheHAGS?A．Theycreateacaringatmosphere.B．Theysetstrictstandardsforthemselves.C．Theyputpre-racetrainingatthefirstplace.D．Theyencouragecompetitionwithintheteam.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Opportunitiesfavorthepreparedmind.B．Falsestartsarenecessaryforachievinggoals.C．Pushingyourselftothelimitsleadstosuccess.D．Doingwhatyoulovemeansmorethanbeinggoodatit.CHaveyoueverwalkedintoaroomandthenwonderedwhyyouwentthere?Ifyou’veexperiencedthisphenomenon,you’vehadaprospectivememorylapse(失误).Thereisrealsciencebehind.Recently,GillesEinstein’sresearchhasestablishedprospectivememoryasadifferentcognitivesystem,notsimplyretrospectivememoryappliedtofutureevents.Hesuggeststhatretrospectivememorycoverswhathappened:facts,events,conversations,whileprospectivememorycoverswhatneedstohappen:intentions,commitments,futureactions.Themostimportantfindingfromhisresearchisabouthowintentionsareretrieved.Itturnsoutthatthesystemisfundamentallyevent-caused,nottime-triggered.Intentionssurfaceinmemorywhenenvironmentaleventsmatchtheinnerrepresentationoftheintendedaction’scontext,notatarbitrary(任意的)times.Thisexplainsacommonfailuremode:settingatime-basedreminderfor3:00PMtosendafollow-upemail.At3:00PM,youareinadifferentmeeting,thereminderfires,youignoreit,andthefollow-upnevergetssent,becausethesignal—anotificationsound—doesn’tmatchthecontextrequiredtoconducttheaction,suchasbeingatyourdeskwiththerelevantemailopen.So,whydoweremembertheintentionfiveminutesafteritwasrelevant,butnotwhenweneededit?Thisisthecharacteristicprospectivememoryfailurepattern.Theintentionwasencodedcorrectly.Thefailureisatretrieval;theinternalcuethatwouldsurfacetheintentionattherightmomentdidnotfire.Fiveminuteslater,asecondarycuetriggersthebelatedretrieval.Thedelaybetweenthefailureandtherecognitionisnotthesameasforgetting.Itisaretrievaltimingfailurespecifictoprospectivememory.Externalcuesystemssolvethisbyplacingtheretrievaltriggeroutsidethemindentirely.Thisnaturallybringsupanotherquestion:isthereanageeffectonprospectivememory?Theresearchshowsanuancedagepattern.Laboratoryprospectivememorytasksshowage-relateddecline.Butnaturalisticprospectivememory,rememberingrealintentionsinreallife,showslessdeclinewithage,andsometimesimprovement.Thedifferenceisexplainedbycompensatory(补偿的)strategyuse:olderadultsaremorelikelytouseexternalaids,structuredroutines,andenvironmentalcues.Youngeradultsrelymoreoninternalmonitoring.Theresearchonnaturalisticprospectivememorysuggeststhisisalearnablecompensation,notanage-specificlimitation.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthetimeprospectivememoryworkswellautomatically.Forthetimesitdoesn’t,sciencetellsusit’snotafailingofyourmemory.Youjustneedtoleaveyourselfabetternote.38.Whatcanwelearnaboutprospectivememory?A．Itisapartofretrospectivememory.B．Itbenefitsfromtime-basedreminders.C．Itfailswhenthecontextismismatched.D．Itusespastexperiencesforfutureactions.39.Whatdoestheword“retrieved”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Recovered.B．Assessed.C．Generated.D．Expressed.40.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Memorydeclineisafixedbiologicallimit.B．Olderadultstendtoloseprospectivememory.C．Externaltriggersarereliableregardlessofage.D．Forgettingintentionscausesprospectivememorylapse.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ComparingProspectiveandRetrospectiveMemoryB．TheMysteryofWhyWeOftenForgettoRememberC．ProspectiveMemory:TheKeytoNeverMissingTasksD．HowtoImprovetheAbilitytoRemembertoRememberDModernphysicsprovidesapowerfulframeworkforunderstandingreality.Injustoveracentury,ithasdecodedthestructureofatoms,tracedtheearlyhistoryoftheuniverseandproducedlawsthatseemtoholdeverywhere.ButlatelyIhavestartedtowonderwhetherphysicsislessawindowintouniversalrealityandmoreofamirror,reflectingthemindswehappentohave.Thatunsettlingthoughtemergeswhenaseeminglysimplequestionisasked:wouldaliens,shapedbyadifferentbiologyorculture,arriveatthesamephysicsasus?Evidenceofthiscanbefoundinourowntheories.Quantumentanglement(量子纠缠)linksdistantparticles(粒子)sothatmeasuringoneseemstoimmediatelysetthestateoftheother,despitethefactthattherecanbenoinformationexchangebetweenthem.Somephysicistshavetakenamoredaringapproach.Futureeventsareallowedtohelpshapethepresent.Measurementsdon’tmerelyrevealoutcomes;theyhelpdefinethem,evenhackwardsintime.Ifalienshadaradicallydifferentconstructoftime,theymightadoptsuchideasnaturally,ratherthantreatingthemasunsettlingexceptions.Imaginethataliensarrivebyopeningawormhole.Weassumetheyhavedeepinsightsintogravity,butwhatiftheydon’t?Whatiftheirspace-bendingtechnologyistheresultofmillionsofyearsoftrialanderrorratherthantheoreticalunderstanding?Theyknowhowtobuildanduseit,butnotwhyitworks,andtheymaynotcare.Thissoundsimpossibleonlybecauseweareusedtothinkingoftechnologyastheoffspringofscience.Yet,historically,humansmadesteel,glassandantihioticslongbeforeunderstandingtheunderlyingchemistryorhiology.Prohablyanyintelligentspecieswouldbedriventoask“why”.Butthaturgemayreflecthumanpsychologyratherthanauniversalfeatureofintelligence.Otherspeciesmightbuildtechnologieswithouteverdevelopingphysics——notbecausetheyfailedtotakethenextstep,butbecausethestepneverseemednecessary.Inthissense,physicsresultsfrommanyhumanchoices:aboutwhatcountsasanexplanation,whichinconsistenciesmatterandwhichquestionsareworthaskingatall.Itreflectsourhistory,ourtoolsandourvaluesasmuchasitreflectsthestructureoftheuniverse.Recognisingthatdoesn’tweakenphysics.Themoreawareweareoftheassumptionsbakedintoourtheoriesandmethods,abouttime,causality,truthandexplanation,themorefreedomwegaintorethinkthem.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Scientificlawsarebeyondquestion.B．Physicsmayreflecthowhumansinterpretreality.C．Intelligentspecieshaveasharedunderstandingofphysics.D．Humanthinkingoffersaframeworkforscientificknowledge.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Scienceisnecessaryfortechnologies.B．Theconstructoftimeisunchangeable.C．Resultscanexistindependentlyofmeasurements.D．Turningcauseandeffectaroundmaybeanaturalidea.44.Asforwhethermodernphysicsreflectsuniversalreality,theauthoris__________.A．cautiousB．supportiveC．doubtfulD．unconcernedEImagineascientistclicking“send”onanewresearcharticlemeantforthegeneralpublic.He’sconfident.Afterall,he’spublisheddozensofpeer-reviewedpapersandledawell-fundedlabforyears.___45___Whentheeditoropensthepiece,she’sconfused.There’snoclearintroduction,nohook—justatextbookfromaforeignlanguage.ThisphenomenoniscalledtheDunning-Krugereffect,whichdescribeshowpeopleunskilledinacertainareatendtooverestimatetheirabilityinthatarea.Inthelate1990s,psychologistDavidDunningnoticedthatstudentsseemedsurprisedbytheirpoortestgrades___46___“Ithoughtpeoplemusthavesomeinsightthattheyweredoingbadly,”saysDunning.Tofindout,Dunningteamedupwithagraduatestudent,JustinKruger,tomeasurepeople’sself-confidenceandperformanceinsightinrelationtotheiractualskilllevel.TheresultsledtotheDunning-Krugereffect.Theeffectoccurswhenpeoplearenotawareoftheirownweaknessesinknowledgeorskill.___47___However,theDunning-Krugereffectisn’taboutpeoplewhoaregenerallyoverconfident.Instead,itappliestopeoplewholacktheabilitynotonlytoperformaspecificskillwell,butalsotorecognizetheirownweaknessinthatskill.___48___Itappearsathomeandatwork,andevenwhenwe’reonline.Researcherssuggestthattheriseofsocialmediahasledmanypeopletothisparticularlackofself-awareness.Infact,overconfidencewasespeciallycommonamongthoserelyingheavilyonInternetsources.Toavoidsuchatendencytooverestimateone’sownabilities,Dunningadvisesseekingcomment.Weoftencannotseeourownmistakes,butotherscan.It’salwaysgoodtochecknoteswithotherpeople.___49___Ifyou’resteppingintosomethingnew,youhavetoaskyourself,“Whatdon’tIknow?”A．Howhardcanitbetowritefornon-scientists?B．TheDunning-Krugereffectdoesn’tjustshowupinclassrooms.C．Oftentheymissedquestionstheythoughttheyansweredcorrectly.D．Itissowidespreadthatweallexperienceit,whetherweadmititornot.E．Withoutthisawareness,theyfeelbetterabouttheirabilitiesthantheyshould.F．Believingthatyou’regoodatsomethingdoesn’tautomaticallymakeyougoodatit.G．Askingothersisparticularlyimportantwhenmakingabigdecisionforthefirsttime.五、任务型阅读WhenIwasakid,therewasnothingIlovedmorethanspendinganafternoondoingartsandcrafts.However,nowadaysthethoughtofmuddyingupthediningtablewithbagsofclayorpotsofpaintfeelslikeaheadache.Fortunately,thereisonecreativeactivitythatdoesn’trequirehugeamountsoftime,space,orenergy:paintbynumbers.Paintbynumberswascreatedinthe1940sbyDanRobbinsatPalmerPaintCompanyandtoday,manypeoplearereturningtoitasacalming,structuredwaytoenjoycreativity.Thekitincludesanumberedcanvas,matchingpaints,brushes,andpalettes,makingartaccessibletoanyone.Sinceeverythingyouneedcomesinonehandykit,there’snoneedtowanderaroundanartstorewonderingwhichcolorpalettetochoose,ortoinvestinexpensivetoolsforahobbyyoumaynotcontinuewithlong-term.Perhapsthemostappealingaspect—especiallyforthosewholackcreativeinspirationorworryabouttheirartisticskilllevel—isthepredeterminednatureofpaintbynumbers.Itremovesthepressureofcommittingtoanideaallonyourownandtheself-doubtoffacingablankcanvas.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutwhattopaintorhowotherswilljudgeyourwork—thepathisalreadylaidoutforyou.Thisallowsthemindtosettle,andengagemorefullyinthemindfulnatureofpainting.Yousimplyfollowthenumbersandpaintonesectionatatime.Thissmall,manageabletaskcanhelpc