2026年吉林(高考)英语考试真题(含答案)

-2026年吉林(高考)英语考试真题(含答案)PartIMultipleChoice(50points)（1）Itisstrangethathe____suchamistakeintheexam.（）AmakesBmadeCshouldmakeDwillmake答案：C解析：本题考查Itisstrange/necessary/importantthat...句型中的虚拟语气。在此类句型中，从句谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形，should可省略，但在考题中常保留should以考察该结构。此处强调“竟然犯了错”，用shouldmake表示惊讶语气。（2）Identifythewordwheretheletter'c'ispronouncedas/s/.（）Ac<u>a</u>tBc<u>o</u>atCc<u>i</u>tyDc<u>u</u>p答案：C解析：本题考查辅音字母c的发音规则。当c后面接e,i,y时，通常发/s/音；接a,o,u或其他辅音时，通常发/k/音。A项cat/kæt/，B项coat/kəʊt/，D项cup/kʌp/中的c均发/k/。只有C项city/ˈsɪti/中的c发/s/。故选C。（3）Whatisapotentialriskassociatedwithsmartcitiesmentionedinthetext?A.Increasedtrafficcongestion.B.Higherenergyconsumption.C.Misuseofpersonaldata.D.Lackoftechnologicalinnovation.（）AIncreasedtrafficcongestion.BHigherenergyconsumption.CMisuseofpersonaldata.DLackoftechnologicalinnovation.答案：C解析：本题考查细节理解。根据文中'Citizensworrythattheirpersonalinformationmightbemisused'可知，潜在风险是个人数据可能被滥用。选项C正确。选项A和B是智慧城市旨在解决的问题；选项D与文意相反。（4）Itwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses______Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.（）AwhenBthatCwhichDwho答案：B解析：本题考查强调句型。强调句的基本结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。本句强调的是时间状语从句notuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses。在强调句中，如果被强调部分是人，可以用who或that；如果是物、时间、地点等，通常用that。这里强调的是时间状语，故用that。还原原句为：Ididnotrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.故选B。（5）Onlywhenhereturnedfromthewar______thathishometownhadchangedsomuch.（）AherealizedBdidherealizeChedidrealizeDhadherealized答案：B解析：考查倒装句。当“Only+状语（从句）”位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装语序，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。本句中Onlywhen...引导时间状语从句位于句首，主句主语是he，谓语动词是realized（一般过去时），因此需要借助助动词did提前，构成didherealize。故选B。（6）Thescientist,_______achievementswererecognizedworldwide,passedawaylastnight.（）AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich答案：C解析：本题考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词是'Thescientist'，在从句中作'achievements'的定语，表示“科学家的成就”，因此需要使用关系代词whose。who和whom指代人但在从句中分别作主语和宾语；which指代物。故选C。（7）Thenewpolicy,______lastmonth,hassignificantlyimprovedtheworkingconditionsforemployees.（）AimplementingBimplementedCtoimplementDhavingimplemented答案：B解析：本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。句子主语是Thenewpolicy，与动词implement（实施）之间是被动关系，且动作已完成（lastmonth），因此使用过去分词implemented作后置定语，相当于定语从句whichwasimplementedlastmonth。故选B。（8）Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis______itisascience.（）AanartmuchasBmuchanartasCasanartmuchasDasmuchanartas答案：D解析：本题考查同级比较结构。句意：人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。"as+adj.+a/an+n.+as"是固定结构，表示“和……一样……”。这里much修饰art，构成"asmuchanartas"。故选D。（9）Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis______itisascience.（）AanartmuchasBmuchanartasCasanartmuchasDasmuchanartas答案：D解析：本题考查同级比较结构。固定搭配为"as+adj./adv.+a/an+n.+as"。此处意为“教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术”，强调两者程度相当。正确语序应为asmuchanartas。故选D。（10）Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrain______alreadyleft.（）AhasBhadCwasDis答案：B解析：本题考查过去完成时。句意为“当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了”。“到达车站”是过去的动作（got），而“火车离开”发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，因此应用过去完成时haddone。故选B。（11）ShehasagoodcommandofEnglish,whichmakesher______forthejob.（）AqualifiedBqualityCqualifyDqualification答案：A解析：本题考查词性辨析。makesb.+adj./n.意为“使某人成为……”。此处需要一个形容词作宾语补足语，表示“有资格的，合格的”。qualified是形容词，意为“合格的”；quality是名词或形容词（质量的）；qualify是动词；qualification是名词。根据句意“她英语很好，这使她有资格胜任这份工作”，故选A。（12）Thenewpolicyaimsto______thegapbetweentherichandthepoorbyincreasingtaxesonhighincomes.（）AwidenBnarrowCdeepenDexpand答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：新政策旨在通过增加高收入者的税收来______贫富差距。A.widen加宽；B.narrow缩小；C.deepen加深；D.expand扩大。根据语境“增加高收入者税收”可知，目的是缩小差距，故选B。（13）Thescientist,alongwithhisassistants,______workingonthenewprojectrightnow.（）AisBareCwasDwere答案：A解析：本题考查主谓一致。主语是'Thescientist'，'alongwithhisassistants'是介词短语作状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。根据时间状语'rightnow'可知时态为现在进行时，且主语为单数，故谓语动词用is。（14）Itwasnotuntilhearrivedatthestation______herealizedhehadlefthisticketathome.（）AthatBwhenCwhichDwhere答案：A解析：本题考查强调句型。句意为：直到他到达车站，他才意识到把票忘在家里了。'Itwasnotuntil...that...'是固定的强调句型结构，用来强调时间状语。去掉Itwas和that后，句子还原为'Hedidnotrealizehehadlefthisticketathomeuntilhearrivedatthestation.'，句意完整且语法正确。故选A。（15）Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.（）AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever答案：B解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：通常认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。分析句子结构可知，give后接双宾语，间接宾语是achild，直接宾语是一个从句。从句中wants缺少宾语，且指代“任何事物”，故用whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。however和whenever在从句中作状语；whichever意为“无论哪一个”，通常用于有限选择范围内，此处无特定范围限制，故排除。（16）Itwasnotuntilmidnight______theyreachedthecampsite.（）AthatBwhenCwhileDas答案：A解析：本题考查强调句型。Itis/wasnotuntil...that...是固定强调句型，意为“直到……才……”。此处强调的是时间状语notuntilmidnight，故连接词用that。（17）Thescientist______theexperimentforthreehoursbeforehefinallygotthedesiredresult.（）AhasconductedBhadbeenconductingCwasconductingDconducted答案：B解析：本题考查时态。句意为：这位科学家进行了三个小时的实验，才最终得到想要的结果。根据语境，'got'是过去时，而'conducttheexperiment'这个动作发生在'got'之前，并且持续了一段时间（forthreehours），强调动作的持续性和对过去某一时刻的影响，因此使用过去完成进行时hadbeendoing。故选B。（18）Whichofthefollowingwordshasthestressonthefirstsyllable?（）AbelieveBpoliceCcameraDmachine答案：C解析：本题考查单词重音。A项believe/bɪˈliːv/重音在第二音节；B项police/pəˈliːs/重音在第二音节；C项camera/ˈkæmərə/重音在第一音节；D项machine/məˈʃiːn/重音在第二音节。故选C。（19）Itisnouse____withhimabouttheresult;hewon'tchangehismind.（）AtoargueBarguingCargueDargued答案：B解析：本题考查固定句型'Itisnousedoingsth.'，意为“做某事是没有用的”。在此结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。故填arguing。（20）Themanagerdemandedthattheproject______completedbeforethedeadline.（）AwasBwillbeCbeDhasbeen答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。在demand,suggest,order,insist等表示“命令、建议、要求”的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。本句中demanded后接that从句，故应填(should)be，选项C符合。（21）Whichofthefollowingwordscontainsthesound/θ/?（）AthisBthatCthinkDthose答案：C解析：本题考查清辅音/θ/的辨析。A项this/ðɪs/发浊辅音/ð/；B项that/ðæt/发/ð/；C项think/θɪŋk/发清辅音/θ/；D项those/ðəʊz/发/ð/。故选C。（22）______bytheheavyrain,wehadtoputoffthesportsmeeting.（）ACaughtBCatchingCTocatchDHavingcaught答案：A解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是we，与动词catch之间是被动关系（被大雨困住），因此应使用过去分词形式Caught作原因状语。Becaughtintherain是固定搭配，意为“遇雨、淋雨”。（23）Identifytheerror:"Despiteoftheheavyrain,theywentoutforawalk."（）ADespiteBofCheavyrainDwentout答案：B解析：考查介词用法。Despite是介词，直接接名词或动名词，后面不能加of。'Inspiteof'才需要加of。因此应去掉of，或者将Despite改为Inspite。错误在于多余的of。（24）Bythetimeyouarrive,we____fortwohours.（）AwillwaitBhavewaitedCwillhavebeenwaitingDarewaiting答案：C解析：本题考查将来完成进行时。句意为“当你到达时，我们将已经等了两个小时了”。时间状语'Bythetimeyouarrive'表示将来的某个时间点，动作从过去开始一直持续到该将来时间点，并可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性，应用将来完成进行时(willhavebeendoing)。A项是一般将来时，B项是现在完成时，D项是现在进行时，均不符合语境。（25）Whichofthefollowingwordshasthestressonthesecondsyllable?（）AhappyBvisitCaboutDdoctor答案：C解析：本题考查单词重音。A项happy/ˈhæpi/，B项visit/ˈvɪzɪt/，D项doctor/ˈdɒktə(r)/重音均在第一音节；C项about/əˈbaʊt/重音在第二音节。故选C。PartIIGap-filling(14points)（1）IfI______(be)you,Iwouldaccepttheofferimmediatelywithouthesitation.答案：were解析：考查虚拟语气。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句中be动词通常统一用were，不管主语是人称单数还是复数。（2）Thechemicalformulafortablesalt(sodiumchloride)is____.答案：NaCl解析：本题考查化学物质的英文名称及化学式。食盐的主要成分是氯化钠（sodiumchloride），由钠离子$\ce{Na+}$和氯离子$\ce{Cl-}$组成，化学式为$\ce{NaCl}$。（3）Notonly______interestedinfootballbutalsoheplaysitwell.答案：ishe解析：本题考查倒装句。当"Notonly...butalso..."连接两个分句且"Notonly"置于句首时，前一个分句需要使用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语之前。原句正常语序为"Heisnotonlyinterestedinfootball..."，倒装后变为"Notonlyisheinterestedinfootball..."。故填ishe。（4）Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoreducepollution,andtheairqualityhasimproved1______(significant)inrecentyears.答案：significantly解析：本题考查词形转换。空格处修饰动词improved，应使用副词形式。significant的副词形式为significantly。句意：政府已采取措施减少污染，近年来空气质量显著改善。（5）Thenewpolicyaimstoreducepollutionbyencouragingpeopletousepublictransportinsteadofdrivingtheir1______(person)cars.答案：personal解析：本题考查形容词用法。空格后是名词cars，因此需要用person的形容词形式personal来修饰，意为“私家车”。（6）____bythenoise,thebabywokeup.答案：Woken解析：本题考查过去分词作状语。逻辑主语是thebaby，它与wake之间是被动关系（被吵醒），故用过去分词Woken。相当于'Becauseitwaswokenby...'。（7）Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrain______already______(leave).答案：hadleft解析：考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句用一般过去时（got），主句通常用过去完成时（haddone），表示“过去的过去”。句意：当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。故填hadleft。（8）Thenewlibrary,______constructionstartedlastyear,willopentothepublicnextmonth.答案：whose解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词是Thenewlibrary，从句中缺少定语修饰construction，表示“图书馆的建设”，故使用关系代词whose。（9）Hehasmadegreatprogressinhisstudies,whichmakeshisparentsveryproud.Heisreallyaboyworth1______(praise).答案：praising解析：本题考查非谓语动词。beworthdoingsth.意为“值得做某事”，其中doing主动形式表示被动含义。praise的动名词形式为praising。（10）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.Itcanstrengthenourimmunesystemandhelpuskeepfit.Moreover,exerciseisaneffectivewaytorelievestress.Afteraday'shardwork,doingsomesportscanmakeusfeel1______(relax).Therefore,weshoulddevelopthehabitofexercisingregularly.答案：relaxed解析：考查形容词。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语。修饰人（us）的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词relaxed，意为“感到放松的”。relaxing通常修饰物，意为“令人放松的”。（11）Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,peopleoftenfeelstressed.Manyexpertssuggestthatspendingtimeinnaturecanhelpreducestress.Arecentstudyshowsthatwalkinginaparkforjust20minutescanlowerbloodpressureandimprovemood.Therefore,moreandmorepeopleare5______outdooractivitiesonweekends.Theygohiking,camping,orsimplyhaveapicnic.Theseactivitiesnotonlybenefittheirphysicalhealthbutalsorefreshtheirminds.答案：enjoying解析：文章讨论了在快节奏生活中，人们通过接触自然来减压的现象。研究表明户外活动有益健康，因此越来越多的人开始在周末“享受”（enjoying）户外活动。avoiding（避免）、ignoring（忽视）和forgetting（忘记）与文中描述的积极趋势相反；planning（计划）虽然逻辑上通顺，但enjoying更能体现人们实际参与并从中获益的状态，符合语境。（12）Theteacheraskedthestudentsto____theirhomeworkbeforeclass.答案：handin解析：本题考查动词短语搭配。句意为“老师要求学生们在课前____作业”。根据语境，此处应填“上交”，对应的短语是handin。注意题目未给首字母提示，填写最常用且符合语境的短语即可。（13）Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularexercisecontributesto______(improve)bothphysicalandmentalhealth.答案：improving解析：本题考查非谓语动词。'contributeto'中的'to'是介词，意为“有助于”，后面接名词或动名词作宾语。因此，括号内的动词'improve'需要变为动名词形式'improving'。（14）Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblem1______(easy).答案：easily解析：本题考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词短语workout，应使用副词形式。easy的副词形式为easily。PartIIICloze(30points)（1）Manypeoplebelievethatsuccessisdeterminedbyhardwork.However,somearguethatluckplaysasignificantrole.Inmyopinion,bothfactorsareimportant.1______hardworkprovidesthefoundationforsuccess,luckcanoftenprovidetheopportunity.Withouthardwork,onemaynotbepreparedtoseizetheluckybreak.Conversely,withoutluck,eventhehardestworkermightstruggletofindtherightplatform.Therefore,weshouldfocusonwhatwecancontrol—oureffort—whileremainingopentounexpectedopportunities.Itisthecombinationofpreparationandchance2______leadstotrueachievement.Thosewhoignoreeitheraspectmayfindtheirpathtosuccessmoredifficult.Ultimately,abalancedviewhelpsusstaymotivatedandresilientinthefaceofchallenges.Wemustkeepworkinghard,butalsolearntorecognizeandappreciatetheroleoffortuneinourlives.Thisperspectiveallowsustoremainhumbleinsuccessandhopefulinfailure.Byacknowledgingbothelements,wecannavigatelife'suncertaintieswithgreaterconfidenceandgrace.答案：1.While2.that解析：1.考查连词。句意：虽然努力工作为成功奠定了基础，但运气往往能提供机会。前后分句存在转折/对比关系，且位于句首，故填While（尽管/虽然）。2.考查强调句型。句意：正是准备和机遇的结合导致了真正的成就。这是Itis...that...的强调句型，被强调部分是thecombinationofpreparationandchance，故填that。（2）Lastsummer,Idecidedtolearnhowtoswim.Ihadalwaysbeenafraidofwater,butIknewitwasanimportantskill.Myfirstlessonwasterrifying.Thepoolseemedhuge,andthewaterlookeddeep.Myinstructor,apatientmannamedTom,toldmetorelax."Justfloat,"hesaid."Trustthewater."Itookadeepbreathandletmybodygolimp.Tomysurprise,Ididn'tsink.Ifloated!Thatsmallvictorygaveme1______.Overthenextfewweeks,Ipracticedeveryday.Ilearnedtokick,tostroke,andtobreatheproperly.ThereweremomentswhenIwantedtogiveup,especiallywhenIswallowedwaterorfelttired.ButTomencouragedmetokeepgoing.Bytheendofthemonth,Icouldswimacrossthepoolwithoutstopping.Ifeltproudofmyself.Learningtoswimtaughtmethatcourageisn'taboutnotbeingafraid;it'saboutacting2______fear.Now,IenjoyswimmingwheneverIhavethechance.Ithasbecomeoneofmyfavoritewaysto3______stress.答案：1.confidence2.despite3.relieve解析：1.根据上文'Thatsmallvictory'（那个小小的胜利）可知，这给了作者“信心”。confidence符合语境。2.句意：勇气不是不害怕，而是尽管害怕仍去行动。despite意为“尽管”，符合逻辑关系。3.句意：游泳成为我最喜欢的缓解压力的方式之一。relievestress是固定搭配，意为“缓解压力”。（3）ArtificialIntelligence(AI)isdevelopingrapidlyandchangingourlivesinmanyways.SomepeopleworrythatAIwilltakeawayjobs1______(belong)tohumans.However,othersbelievethatAIwillcreatenewopportunities.Forinstance,AIcanhelpdoctorsdiagnosediseasesmore2______(accurate).Itcanalsoassistteachersin3______(personalize)learningplansforstudents.Despitetheseadvantages,thereareconcernsaboutprivacyandsecurity.AsAIsystemscollectvastamountsofdata,thereisariskthatpersonalinformationcould4______(leak).Therefore,strictlawsandregulationsneed5______(establish)toprotectindividuals'rights.OnlyinthiswaycanweensurethatAIserveshumanityratherthanharmsit.答案：1.belonging2.accurately3.personalizing4.beleaked5.tobeestablished解析：1.此处作后置定语修饰jobs，jobs与belong之间是主动关系，应用现在分词belonging。2.修饰动词diagnose，应用副词形式，accurate的副词是accurately。3.assistsb.indoingsth.是固定搭配，介词in后接动名词，故填personalizing。4.personalinformation与leak之间是被动关系，且位于情态动词could之后，应用被动语态beleaked。5.needtodosth.表示“需要做某事”，当主语是物（lawsandregulations）时，常用needtobedone表示被动，即“需要被建立”，故填tobeestablished。（4）Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinspaceexplorationinrecentyears.TheChang'emissionshavesuccessfullylandedonthemoon,bringingbacksamplesforscientificresearch.TheseachievementsdemonstrateChina'sgrowingtechnological1______(capable).Moreover,theTiangongspacestationprovidesaplatformforinternationalcooperationinspacescience.Astronautsfromdifferentcountriesmayworktogetherthereinthefuture.Suchcollaborationspromotepeaceandunderstandingamongnations.Itisbelievedthatspaceexplorationwillbenefithumanityinmanyways,suchasimprovingcommunicationtechnologiesandmonitoringclimatechange.Therefore,investinginspaceprogramsisnotjustaboutnationalpride,butalsoaboutcontributingtothe2______(globe)community.Youngpeopleareencouragedtostudyscienceandengineeringsothattheycanparticipateintheseexcitingendeavors.Withcontinuedeffortandinnovation,theskyisnolongerthelimit;itisjustthebeginning.答案：1.capability2.global解析：1.capability:空格前有形容词technological修饰，且作demonstrate的宾语，故需填名词形式capable->capability。2.global:修饰名词community，需用形容词形式globe->global。（5）Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration.Inrecentyears,severalspacecraft1______(send)intospacesuccessfully.TheChang'emissionshaveexploredthemoon,whiletheTianwen-1missionhasreachedMars.TheseachievementsshowChina'sgrowingstrengthinscienceandtechnology.Scientistsbelievethatspaceexplorationwillhelphumansunderstandtheuniverse2______(well).Moreover,itmayleadtonewtechnologiesthatcanimproveourdailylives.Forexample,satellitenavigationsystemslikeBeidouprovideaccuratelocationservices.Aswelooktothefuture,internationalcooperationinspacewillbecomeeven3______(important).Countriesaroundtheworldareworkingtogethertosolvecommonchallenges.答案：1.havebeensent2.better3.moreimportant解析：1.考查时态和语态。主语"severalspacecraft"与动词"send"之间是被动关系，且时间状语"Inrecentyears"通常与现在完成时连用。故填havebeensent。2.考查副词比较级。句意：太空探索将帮助人类“更好地”理解宇宙。隐含了与过去相比的意思，故使用well的比较级better。3.考查形容词比较级。句中有"even"修饰，表示程度加深，且语境暗示未来的合作比现在更重要，故使用important的比较级moreimportant。（6）Readingisahabitthatcanopendoorstonewworlds.Itnotonlyexpandsourknowledgebutalso1______(enhance)ourimagination.Whenweread,weareexposedtodifferentperspectivesandideas,whichhelpsusbecomemoreopen-minded.Moreover,readingregularlycanimproveourvocabularyandwritingskills.Manysuccessfulpeopleattributetheirachievementstotheirloveforbooks.Therefore,itisimportanttosetasidetimeforreadingeveryday.Evenjust15minutesadaycanmakeabigdifference.So,pickupabookandstartyourjourneyof2______(discover)today.答案：1.enhances2.discovery解析：1.考查主谓一致。主语It是第三人称单数，且句子描述的是一般事实，故谓语动词用一般现在时的单数形式enhances。2.考查词性转换。介词of后面应接名词形式。discover是动词，其名词形式为discovery。journeyofdiscovery意为“探索之旅”。PartIVWriting(20points)（1）随着智能手机的普及，关于“学生是否应该带手机进校园”的讨论日益激烈。请就此话题写一篇短文，内容包括：1.简述现象；2.分析利弊；3.给出你的观点和建议。注意：词数100左右。答案：（略）解析：本题考查议论文写作。文章结构采用了经典的三段式：第一段引出话题；第二段阐述正反两方观点（便利性vs干扰性）；第三段提出个人观点及建议（允许携带但需严格管理）。论证逻辑清晰，连接词使用得当。WritingTask2假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。他写信向你询问关于中国春节的习俗。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：\n1.春节的时间及重要性；\n2.主要的庆祝活动（如贴春联、吃年夜饭、放鞭炮等）；\n3.邀请他来中国体验春节。\n\n注意：\n1.词数100左右；\n2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。（2）请根据上述提示写一封电子邮件。答案：（略）解析：本篇作文要求介绍中国春节。\n1.开头：表明写作目的，回应朋友的兴趣。\n2.正文：\n-介绍时间及重要性：mostimportantfestival,familyreunions。\n-介绍习俗：pastespringcouplets,haveabigdinner(Nianyefan),redpackets,setofffirecrackers。使用了适当的连接词和细节描写。\n3.结尾：发出邀请，表达期待。\n语言地道，结构清晰，符合书信格式。PartVReadingComprehension(36points)Passage1AncientRomewasrenownedforitsengineeringmarvels,amongwhichtheaqueductsstandoutasatestamenttohumaningenuity.Thesemassivestructuresweredesignedtotransportfreshwaterfromdistantsourcesintothebustlingcitycenters,supplyingpublicbaths,fountains,andprivatehouseholds.Unlikemodernpipesthatrelyonpumps,Romanaqueductsutilizedgravityalone.Engineershadtocalculateprecisegradientstoensureasteadyflow;iftheslopewastoosteep,thewaterwouldrushanddamagethechannel,whileaslopetoogentlewouldcausestagnation.Theconstructioninvolvedbuildingtoweringarchestomaintainelevationacrossvalleysanddiggingtunnelsthroughmountains.Someoftheseaqueductsstretchedover50milesandremainedfunctionalforcenturies.ThelegacyofRomanengineeringisstillvisibletodayinvariousruinsacrossEurope,inspiringmoderncivilengineerswhocontinuetostudytheirmethodsfordurabilityandefficiency.（1-1）WhatwastheprimarypurposeofRomanaqueducts?（）AToserveasdefensivewallsagainstenemies.BTotransportfreshwatertothecity.CTocreateartificiallakesforrecreation.DTogenerateelectricityforpubliclights.（1-2）HowdidRomanaqueductsmovewaterwithoutmodernpumps?（）AByusingwindpower.BByrelyingonanimallabor.CByutilizinggravity.DByemployingsteamengines.（1-3）Whatchallengedidengineersfaceregardingtheslopeoftheaqueducts?（）ATheslopeneededtobeperfectlyflat.BTheslopehadtobecalculatedpreciselytobalanceflowspeed.CThesteepertheslope,thebetterthewaterquality.DTheslopewasirrelevantaslongastherewaswater.（1-4）Whichstructurewasusedtocrossvalleys?（）ALongtunnels.BUndergroundpipes.CToweringarches.DWoodenbridges.（1-5）WhatcanbeinferredaboutthedurabilityofRomanaqueducts?（）ATheyweretemporaryandfellapartquickly.BTheywerebuiltonlyforsmallvillages.CTheywerehighlydurableandlastedforcenturies.DTheywerelessefficientthanmodernsystems.答案：1-1.B1-2.C1-3.B1-4.C1-5.C解析：1.细节理解题。第一段明确指出"transportfreshwaterfromdistantsourcesintothebustlingcitycenters"。故选B。2.细节理解题。第二段提到"Romanaqueductsutilizedgravityalone"，即仅靠重力输水。故选C。3.细节理解题。第二段解释了坡度计算的重要性：太陡会损坏渠道，太缓会导致停滞，因此需要精确平衡。故选B。4.细节理解题。第三段提到"buildingtoweringarchestomaintainelevationacrossvalleys"。故选C。5.推理判断题。第三段提到"remainedfunctionalforcenturies"以及最后一段提到的"durability"，说明其非常耐用。故选C。Passage2Themigrationofmonarchbutterfliesisoneofnature'smostspectacularevents.Everyautumn,millionsoftheseorangeandblackinsectstravelthousandsofmilesfromCanadaandtheUnitedStatestocentralMexico.Theyclustertogetheronfirtreesinthemountains,creatingalivingcarpetthatcoversentireforests.Remarkably,thebutterfliesthatmakethejourneysoutharenotthesameonesthatreturnnorthinspring.Themigrationspansseveralgenerations.Thegenerationborninlatesummertravelssouth,overwinters,andthenbeginsthejourneynorth,layingeggsalongtheway.Theiroffspringcontinuethejourney,eventuallyreachingthenorthernbreedinggrounds.Scientistsarestillstudyinghowtheseinsectsnavigatesuchlongdistanceswithoutpriorexperience.（2-1）Wheredomonarchbutterfliesmigratetoduringautumn?（）ATothesoutherncoastoftheUS.BTocentralMexico.CTotheforestsofCanada.DTotheislandsoftheCaribbean.（2-2）Whatisuniqueaboutthegenerationofbutterfliesthatmigratessouth?（）ATheyaretheonlyonesthatcanfly.BTheydonotreturnnorththemselves.CTheylivelongerthanothergenerations.DTheychangecolorduringthetrip.（2-3）Whatmysteryaboutmonarchbutterfliesarescientistsstilltryingtosolve?（）AHowtheyfindfoodinwinter.BWhytheychoosefirtreesspecifically.CHowtheynavigatewithoutpriorexperience.DWhatcausesthepopulationdecline.答案：2-1.B2-2.B2-3.C解析：1.文章第二句明确指出它们从加拿大和美国迁徙到"centralMexico"，故选B。2.文中提到"thebutterfliesthatmakethejourneysoutharenotthesameonesthatreturnnorth"，说明南迁的那一代蝴蝶自己不会返回北方，而是由后代继续旅程，故选B。3.文章最后一句说"Scientistsarestillstudyinghowtheseinsectsnavigatesuchlongdistanceswithoutpriorexperience"，科学家仍在研究它们如何在没有经验的情况下导航，故选C。Passage3ArtificialIntelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingvariousindustries,fromhealthcaretotransportation.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimageswithhighaccuracy,assistingdoctorsindiagnosingdiseasesearlierandmoreeffectively.Forexample,AIsystemshavebeendevelopedtodetectsignsofcancerinX-raysandMRIs,oftenspottingpatternsthathumaneyesmightmiss.Intransportation,self-drivingcarsrelyonAItonavigateroads,avoidobstacles,andmakereal-timedecisions.Thistechnologypromisestoreducetrafficaccidentscausedbyhumanerror.However,theriseofAIalsobringsethicalconcerns.Issuessuchasdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andjobdisplacementarewidelydebated.CriticsarguethatAImightrein