2026年1月雅思真题及答案

2026年1月雅思真题及答案

IELTSAcademicMockTest

January2026

ListeningSection

Instructions:

Youwillhearanumberofdifferentrecordingsandyouwillhavetoanswerquestionsonwhatyouhear.Therearefourparts.Answerallquestions.Whileyouarelistening,writeyouranswersonthequestionpaper.Attheendofthetest,youwillhave10minutestotransferyouranswerstotheanswersheet.Noextratimeisallowedfortransfer.Listencarefullytotheinstructionsandthequestions.

Part1:Questions1-10

Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

SummerFestivalVolunteerRegistration

Name:JohnO’Connor

Address:Apartment4,(1)__________Street,Manchester.

Postcode:M1(2)__________

Phonenumber:07732(3)__________

Age:(4)__________

Occupation:(5)__________

VolunteerPreferences:

Firstchoice:Security

Secondchoice:(6)__________

Thirdchoice:(7)__________

Availability:

Fridayevening:Available

Saturdaymorning:Notavailable(hasa(8)__________)

Saturdayafternoon:Available

Sunday:Available

Specialskills:Candrivea(9)__________

Clothingsize:(10)__________

Part2:Questions11-20

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,orC.

11.Thenewlibrarywingwillofficiallyopenin...

A.March.

B.April.

C.May.

12.Themainfeatureofthenewwingisthe...

A.extendedhistorysection.

B.computertrainingroom.

C.children’sstorytellingzone.

13.Toborrowalaptop,youmust...

A.beamemberforatleast6months.

B.payarefundabledeposit.

C.showtwoformsofID.

14.Howmuchdoestheweekendparkingpermitcost?

A.$5.00

B.$7.50

C.$10.00

15.The'LocalAuthors'displayislocatednearthe...

A.mainentrance.

B.referencedesk.

C.coffeeshop.

Questions16-20

Whatisthelocationofthefollowingfacilities?

Chooseyouranswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectletter,A-H,nexttoquestions16-20.

Locations

A.GroundFloor,NorthWing

B.GroundFloor,SouthWing

C.FirstFloor,MainHall

D.SecondFloor,Room204

E.SecondFloor,Room208

F.ThirdFloor,QuietZone

G.Basement,LevelB1

H.Outsidethebuilding

16.Photocopiers

17.LanguageLaboratory

18.Toilets

19.Cafeteria

20.Bikestorage

Part3:Questions21-30

Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDforeachanswer.

21.Thestudentsdecidetofocustheirpresentationonthetopicof__________.

22.Sarahsuggeststhattherecentriseintemperaturesislinkedto__________patterns.

23.Theprofessormentionedthatthedatafromthe1990swas__________.

24.Theyplantousea__________toillustratethestatisticalchanges.

25.Oneofthekeycasestudiesinvolvesthe__________industry.

26.Markisconcernedaboutfindingreliable__________fortheproject.

27.Theyagreetomeetagainon__________morning.

28.Sarahwillbringthe__________fromthelibrary.

29.Thepresentationmustlastexactly__________minutes.

30.Thefinaldeadlineforthewrittenreportisthe__________ofthemonth.

Part4:Questions31-40

Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.

TheHistoryofTea

Origins

LegendsaysEmperorShenNongdiscoveredteain2737BC.

Originallyusedfor__________(31)purposes.

Firstcultivatedin__________(32).

Spreadtoothercountries

Japan:IntroducedbyBuddhistmonksinthe9thcentury.

Europe:Arrivedinthe17thcenturyviaPortugueseandDutch__________(33).

Britain:Becamepopularinthe18thcentury;replaced__________(34)asthenationalbreakfastdrink.

TeaCulture

China:Gongfuteaceremonyemphasizes__________(35)andtaste.

Britain:AfternoonteawasintroducedbytheDuchessofBedfordinthe__________(36).

Morocco:Mintteaisasymbolof__________(37).

ModernProduction

MajorproducerstodayincludeChina,India,and__________(38).

Teaplantsrequireacidicsoilanda__________(39)climate.

Processingmethodsdetermineiftheteabecomesblack,green,or__________(40)tea.

ReadingSection

Passage1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

TheImpactofUrbanGreenSpaces

A.Asurbanizationacceleratesglobally,thedensityofcitiesisincreasingatanunprecedentedrate.Skyscrapersdominatetheskyline,andconcretecoverstheearth.However,amidstthisgreyinfrastructure,anewunderstandingofthenecessityofnatureisemerging.Urbangreenspaces—parks,gardens,verticalforests,andstreettrees—arenolongerviewedmerelyasaestheticembellishmentsbutascriticalcomponentsofurbanecosystemservices.Theyplayavitalroleinmitigatingtheenvironmentaldegradationassociatedwithcityliving.

B.OneoftheprimarybenefitsofurbangreeneryisitsabilitytocombattheUrbanHeatIsland(UHI)effect.Cities,largelycomposedofasphaltandconcrete,absorbandretainsolarradiation,makingthemsignificantlywarmerthansurroundingruralareas.Greenspacescounteractthisthroughtwomainmechanisms:evapotranspirationandshading.Evapotranspirationistheprocessbywhichplantsreleasewatervapor,coolingthesurroundingair.Studieshaveshownthatamaturetreecanprovideacoolingeffectequivalenttotenroom-sizedairconditionersoperatingfor20hoursaday.Furthermore,strategicplantingcanreducebuildingenergyconsumptionbyprovidingshadeinsummerandwindbreaksinwinter.

C.Beyondtemperatureregulation,greenspacesareindispensableforairqualityimprovement.Vehiclesandindustrialactivitiesaremajorsourcesofpollutantssuchasnitrogendioxide(N),particulatematter(PandP),andcarbonmonoxide.Treesactasbiologicalfilters,or"scrubbers,"trappingthesepollutantsontheirleavesandbark.Thelargertheleafsurfacearea,themoreeffectivethefiltration.Additionally,throughphotosynthesis,treesabsorbcarbondioxide(C)—aprimarygreenhousegas—andreleaseoxygen,therebyactingascarbonsinksthathelpmitigateclimatechange.

D.Thepsychologicalandphysiologicalbenefitsofnatureforurbandwellersarewell-documented.Theconceptof"biophilia,"introducedbyE.O.Wilson,suggeststhathumanshaveaninnatetendencytoseekconnectionswithnature.Researchindicatesthataccesstogreenviewsandtimespentinparkscansignificantlylowercortisollevels,thebody'sprimarystresshormone.This,inturn,reducesbloodpressureandimprovesimmunefunction.Moreover,greenspacesencouragephysicalactivity,whetheritisjogging,yoga,orsimplywalking,whichhelpscombatthesedentarylifestyleoftenprevalentincities.

E.Socialcohesionisanother,perhapslessobvious,advantage.Parksserveasdemocraticspaceswherepeoplefromdiversesocioeconomicbackgroundscaninteractwithoutfinancialbarriers.Theyprovidevenuesforcommunityevents,festivals,andmarkets,fosteringasenseofbelongingandcommunityidentity.Inhigh-densityhousingareas,whereprivateoutdoorspaceislimited,publicparksfunctionasthe"livingroom"forthecity,facilitatingsocialinteractionsthatmightnototherwiseoccur.Thiscanleadtostrongerneighborhoodtiesandreducedfeelingsofisolationamongresidents.

F.Despitetheseclearbenefits,thecreationandmaintenanceofurbangreenspacesfacesignificantchallenges.Landincitiesisatapremium,andtheeconomicpressuretodevelopcommercialorresidentialrealestateisimmense.Placingamonetaryvalueonecosystemservicesisdifficult,makingithardforplannerstojustifypreservingaparkwhenthelandcouldbesoldformillions.Furthermore,thereistheissueof"greengentrification."Theintroductionofhigh-qualityparkscanraisepropertyvaluesnearby,leadingtothedisplacementoforiginal,lower-incomeresidentswhocannolongeraffordtherisingrents.

G.Toaddressthesechallenges,innovativeurbanplanningstrategiesarerequired.Integratinggreeninfrastructureintothefabricofthecity—ratherthantreatingitasanadd-on—isessential.Thisincludesthedevelopmentofgreenroofsandgreenwalls,whichutilizeunusedverticalspace.Communitygardensonvacantlotscanempowerresidentsandimprovelocalfoodsecurity.Policymakersneedtoprioritizeequitabledistributionofgreenspacestoensurethatallcitizens,regardlessofincome,enjoythehealthandenvironmentalbenefits.Onlythroughsuchintegratedandequitableapproachescanthecitiesofthefuturebecometrulysustainableandlivable.

Questions1-6

ReadingPassage1hassevenparagraphs,A-G.

Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.

Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,nexttoquestions1-6.

ListofHeadings

i.Thethreattoexistingresidents

ii.Thebiologicalneedfornature

iii.Coolingdownthecity

iv.Socialbenefitsofsharedspaces

v.Economicversusenvironmentalvalue

vi.Cleaningtheairwebreathe

vii.Strategiesforsustainableintegration

viii.Thechangingroleofnatureincities

ix.Thefinancialcostofmaintenance

1.ParagraphA

2.ParagraphB

3.ParagraphC

4.ParagraphD

5.ParagraphE

6.ParagraphF

Questions7-10

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

7.TheUrbanHeatIslandeffectiscausedsolelybythelackoftreesincities.

8.Evapotranspirationcontributestoloweringtheairtemperature.

9.Exposuretonaturecandecreasetheamountofcortisolinthebody.

10.Parksaretheonlyplacewherepeoplefromdifferentbackgroundscanmeet.

Questions11-13

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orD.

11.Accordingtothetext,howdotreesimproveairquality?

A.Byreflectingsunlightawayfromthecity.

B.Bytrappingpollutantsontheirsurfaces.

C.Byproducingoxygenwithoutneedingsunlight.

D.Bybreakingdownconcretestructures.

12.Whatis"greengentrification"?

A.Theprocessofmakingparksmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

B.Theincreaseinpropertyvaluesleadingtothedisplacementofresidents.

C.Theconstructionofluxuryapartmentsnearparks.

D.Thegovernmentfundingforgreenspacesinwealthyareas.

13.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestregardingfutureurbanplanning?

A.Buildinglargerparksontheoutskirtsofcities.

B.Focusingsolelyoneconomicdevelopment.

C.Incorporatinggreenelementsintoexistingstructureslikeroofs.

D.Reducingthenumberofcommunitygardenstosavemoney.

Passage2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

ThePsychologyofDecisionMaking

Everyday,wearefacedwithcountlessdecisions,rangingfromthetrivial(whattowearforbreakfast)tothelife-altering(acceptingajoboffer).Traditionally,classicaleconomicsassumedthathumanswererationalagentswhomadedecisionsbylogicallyweighingallavailableinformationtomaximizeutility.However,thefieldofbehavioraleconomicshasshatteredthisnotion,revealingthatourchoicesareoftenirrational,biased,andinfluencedbyemotionalandsocialfactors.

Oneofthemostfundamentalconceptsinunderstandingourdecision-makingflawsis"boundedrationality,"atermcoinedbyNobellaureateHerbertSimon.Simonarguedthatwhileindividualsintendtoberational,theirabilitytodosoislimitedbycognitiveconstraints,imperfectinformation,andfinitetime.Consequently,ratherthanoptimizing,people"satisfice"—theychooseasolutionthatmeetsaminimumthresholdofacceptabilityratherthanthebestpossibleoutcome.Forinstance,whenshoppingforacar,apersonmightstoplookingafterfindingavehiclethatis"goodenough"ratherthanexhaustivelysearchingeverydealershiptofindtheabsolutebestprice.

Cognitivebiasesaresystematicpatternsofdeviationfromnormorrationalityinjudgment.Oneofthemostpervasiveisthe"confirmationbias."Thisisthetendencytosearchfor,interpret,favor,andrecallinformationinawaythatconfirmsone'spreexistingbeliefsorhypotheses.Ifapersonbelievesthatleft-handedpeoplearemorecreative,theywillpaydisproportionateattentiontoevidencethatsupportsthis(e.g.,afamousleft-handedartist)whileignoringevidencethatcontradictsit(e.g.,aleft-handedaccountant).Thisbiascreatesafilterbubble,reinforcingourexistingworldviewsandmakingusresistanttocontradictoryevidence.

Anotherpowerfulbiasisthe"anchoringeffect."Thisoccurswhenanindividualreliestooheavilyonaninitialpieceofinformation(the"anchor")whenmakingsubsequentjudgments.Inaclassicexperiment,participantswereaskedtoestimatethepercentageofAfricannationsintheUnitedNations.Beforeguessing,theyhadtospinawheelthatlandedonarandomnumberbetween0and100.Eventhoughthenumberwasrandom,thosewhospunahighnumbergavehigherestimatesthanthosewhospunalownumber.Theinitialanchorsubconsciouslyinfluencedtheirfinaldecision,regardlessofitsrelevance.Retailersoftenexploitthisbyshowingahigh"originalprice"crossedoutnexttothesaleprice,makingthedealseemsignificantlybetter.

The"sunkcostfallacy"isanothertrapthatleadstopoordecision-making.Thisfallacydescribesthephenomenonwhereapersoncontinuesabehaviororendeavorasaresultofpreviouslyinvestedresources(time,money,oreffort),evenifthecontinuationoffersnoprospectofsuccess.Itisthe"I'vecometoofartoquitnow"mentality.Forexample,abusinessmightcontinuefundingafailingprojectsimplybecausetheyhavealreadyspentmillionsonit,ratherthancuttingtheirlossesandreallocatingresourcestoamorepromisingventure.Rationally,pastcostsareirrelevanttofuturedecisions;onlyfuturecostsandbenefitsshouldmatter.However,theemotionalpainoflossaversionmakesitdifficulttoacceptthatpastinvestmentswerewasted.

Emotionsalsoplayacriticalrole,oftenoverridinglogic.The"affectheuristic"involvesmakingdecisionsbasedonhowwefeelaboutthepotentialoutcomesratherthanalogicalassessmentoftheprobabilities.Ifanactivityevokesstrongpositivefeelings(likeskydivingforanadrenalinejunkie),thepersonislikelytounderestimatetherisksinvolved.Conversely,ifsomethingfeelsscary(likeflying),therisksareoverestimated.Marketersleveragethisbyassociatingproductswithpositiveemotions—happiness,family,orstatus—tobypassrationalscrutinyoftheproduct'sactualutilityorvalue.

Understandingthesepsychologicalmechanismsisnotjustanacademicexercise;ithasprofoundpracticalimplications.Byrecognizingourownbiases,wecanimplementstrategiestomitigatethem."Nudging"isaconceptinbehavioralsciencewhichpositivelyreinforcesandindirectlysuggestscertainchoiceswithoutmandatingthem.Forexample,automaticallyenrollingemployeesinapensionplan(whileallowingthemtooptout)significantlyincreasesparticipationratescomparedtorequiringthemtoopt-in.Bydesigningchoicearchitecturethataccountsforhumanirrationality,wecanguidepeopletowardbetterdecisionsinhealth,wealth,andhappiness.

Questions14-19

Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions14-19)andthelistoftermsbelow.

Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectterm,A-H.

Writethecorrectletter,A-H,nexttoquestions14-19.

ListofTerms

A.BoundedRationality

B.Satisficing

C.ConfirmationBias

D.AnchoringEffect

E.SunkCostFallacy

F.AffectHeuristic

G.Nudging

H.LossAversion

14.Thetendencytostickwithafailingprojectbecauseofpriorinvestment.

15.Makingachoicebasedonthefirstpieceofinformationoffered.

16.Settlingforanoptionthatisacceptableratherthanperfect.

17.Designingtheenvironmenttoguidechoiceswithoutrestriction.

18.Seekinginformationthatvalidateswhatwealreadybelieve.

19.Judgingrisksbasedonemotionalreactionsratherthanstatistics.

Questions20-23

Completethesummarybelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Classicaleconomicsviewedhumansasrationalagentswhoaimedtomaximizeutility.However,behavioraleconomicsdemonstratesthatourdecisionsareofteninfluencedbyfactorsotherthanlogic.HerbertSimonintroducedtheconceptofboundedrationality,suggestingthatcognitivelimitationsandlackofperfectinformationmeanpeopleoften(20)__________insteadofoptimizing.Furthermore,biaseslikethe(21)__________causeustorelyheavilyoninitialdata,whilethe(22)__________leadsustocontinuewithactionsdespitealackofsuccess.Finally,the(23)__________explainshowourcurrentfeelingscandistortourperceptionofrisk.

Questions24-26

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewsofthewriterinReadingPassage2?

Write

YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviews

NOifthestatementcontradictstheviews

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinks

24.Classicaleconomicsisnolongerrelevantinthemodernworld.

25.The"affectheuristic"isalwaysdetrimentaltodecision-making.

26.Awarenessofcognitivebiasescanhelpindividualsmakebetterchoices.

Passage3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.

TheMysteryoftheVoynichManuscript

Inthehistoryofcryptographyandlinguistics,fewartifactshaveprovokedasmuchcuriosityandfrustrationastheVoynichManuscript.Avellumcodexdatedtotheearly15thcentury(viacarbon-14datingoftheparchment),itcontainsapproximately240pagesofeleganthandwritinginanunknownscript,accompaniedbypeculiarillustrationsofnon-existentplants,astrologicalcharts,andnakedfiguresbathingingreenliquid.NamedafterWilfridVoynich,thePolishbookdealerwhoacquireditin1912,themanuscriptiscurrentlyhousedatYaleUniversity'sBeineckeRareBookandManuscriptLibrary.Despitetheeffortsofworld-classcodebreakers,includingthosewhodecipheredtheEnigmacodesduringWorldWarII,andmoderncomputationallinguists,thetextremainscompletelyundeciphered.

Theillustrationsthemselvesofferlittleclarity.Thebiologicalsectionfeaturesdrawingsofplantsthatdonotcorrespondtoanyknownspecies;someappeartobecompositechimeras,combiningrootsofoneplantwithleavesofanother.Theastronomicalsectioncontainszodiac-likesymbols,buttheyareoftenaccompaniedbyunfamiliarfigures(e.g.,acrayfishrepresentingCancer).The"balneological"sectionshowsnakedwomenininterconnectedpools,possiblyrepresentingalchemicalormedicinalprocesses.Thislackofrecognizablereferencepointsmakesitdifficulteventohypothesizethesubjectmatterofthetext,letalonedecodethelanguage.

Theoriesregardingthemanuscript'soriginandauthorshipabound.SomeattributeittoRogerBacon,the13th-centuryEnglishFranciscanfriarandpolymath,duetoitsapparentscientificnature.However,carbondatingplacesthecreationoftheparchmentbetween1404and1438,nearlyacenturyafterBacon'sdeath,rulinghimoutasthescribe,thoughhecouldbethesourceoftheknowledgecontainedwithin.AnotherstrongcandidateisAntoniodeAvila,aSpanishphysicianknowntohavecreatedanherbalinCastilian,butthescriptintheVoynichdoesnotmatchanyknownEuropeanlanguageofthetime.

Thecentralquestioniswhetherthemanuscriptcontainsameaningfulcipherorifitisahoax.Ifitisacipher,itisincrediblysophisticated.StatisticalanalysisofthetextrevealsthatitfollowsZipf'sLaw—alinguisticrulestatingthatthefrequencyofawordisinverselyproportionaltoitsrankinthefrequencytable.Thissuggeststhetexthaslinguisticstructureandisnotjustrandomgibberish.Furthermore,the"entropy"(ameasureofrandomness)ofthetextislowerthanthatofLatinorEnglishbuthigherthanthatofsomeEuropeanlanguages,implyingarigidstructureoracomplexcodingsystem.

Onehypothesisisthatthetextisa"constructedlanguage"oranartificialscriptinventedbytheauthortorecordsecretknowledge,perhapsrelatedtoalchemyormedicine.Thesmoothflowofthehandwritingsuggeststhescribewasfluentinthescript,arguingagainstatediousletter-by-lettercipher.Anothertheoryproposesthatthemanuscriptisa"pholiotropic"text,wheretherootlettersofthewordsarearrangedaccordingtoanumericalsystem,perhapsbasedonaGreekorLatinprefix.

However,thehoaxtheorycannotbedismissed.In2003,GordonRugg,acomputerscientistatKeeleUniversity,demonstratedthatasimplecard-and-grillecipherdevicecouldhaveproducedtextwithstatisticalpropertiessimilartotheVoynichmanuscript.Ifthemanuscriptwerecreatedbya15th-centuryconartisttoswindleawealthypatron,thecontentneednotbemeaningful;itonlyneededtolookmeaningful.Thepresenceofplantsthatdon'texistsupportsthisview—theauthormayhavebeenincapableofdrawingrealplantsandsimplyinventedonestofillthespace.

RecentadvancementsinArtificialIntelligencehavebeenappliedtothemystery.AlgorithmsusingNaturalLanguageProcessing(NLP)haveanalyzedthestructureofthetext.In2019,researchersusingAIclaimedthemanuscriptwaslikelywritteninHebreworaRomancelanguage,withthelettersrearrangedaccordingtoaspecificalphabeticrule.OtherAIstudiessuggestthetextisproto-Romance,linkingittotheVulgarLatinspokenintheMediterraneanduringtheRomanera.Whilethesefindingsareintriguing,theyarenotdefinitiveproofs,astheAImodelsweretrainedonknownlanguagesandmightbeforcingamatchwherenoneexists.

TheVoynichManuscriptremainsa"HolyGrail"forcryptanalysts.Whetheritholdslostmedicalwisdom,alchemicalsecrets,orismerelytheproductofamedievalprankster,itservesasahumblingreminderofthelimitsofhumanunderstanding.Itsitsontheborderbetweenthemeaningfulandthemeaningless,challengingourassumptionsaboutlanguage,logic,andhistory.Untilakeyisfound—oradefinitiveproofofforgeryisestablished—theVoynichManuscriptwillcontinuetowhisperitssecretsinalanguagethatnooneonEarthcanspeak.

Questions27-31

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orD.

27.Thecarbon-14datingoftheVoynichManuscriptindicatesitwascreated...

A.inthe13thcentury.

B.inthe14thcentury.

C.intheearly15thcentury.

D.inthe20thcentury.

28.WhyisRogerBaconunlikelytobetheauthorofthemanuscript?

A.Hedidnotknowhowtowrite.

B.Hediedbeforetheparchmentwasmade.

C.Heneverwroteaboutmedicine.

D.Hishandwritingstylewasdifferent.

29.WhatisZipf'sLaw?

A.Aruleaboutthefrequencyofwordsinalanguage.

B.Amethodforcreatingciphers.

C.Atechniqueforcarbondating.

D.AlawregardingtheentropyofLatin.

30.GordonRugg’sexperimentsuggestedthat...

A.themanuscriptisdefinitelywritteninHebrew.

B.thetextwasproducedbyacomplexcomputeralgorithm.

C.asimpledevicecouldhavecreatedthetextasahoax.

D.theillustrationsarebasedonrealplants.

31.Whatisthewriter'sconclusionregardingtheAIanalysis?

A.Ithassolvedthemysterycompletely.

B.Itconfirmsthemanuscriptisahoax.

C.Itisinterestingbutnotyetconclusive.

D.ItprovesthemanuscriptiswritteninRomancelanguages.

Questions32-35

Completethesummarybelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.

TheVoynichManuscriptisanoldbookwritteninanunknownscript.Theillustrationsincludestrangeplantsandfiguresinpools.Carbondating(32)__________outRogerBaconastheauthorbecausehediedtooearly.ThetextfollowsZipf'sLaw,whichimpliesithasalinguisticstructureratherthanbeingrandom.Someexpertsthinkitisaconstructedlanguage,whileothersbelieveitisa(33)__________.GordonRuggshowedthatacipherdevicecouldcreatesimilartext,supportingthehoaxtheory.Recently,AIhastriedtoidentifythelanguage,suggestingitmightbeHebrewor(34)__________,butthesearenotproofs.Themanuscriptremainsa(35)__________forcodebreakers.

Questions36-40

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?

Write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

36.ThemanuscriptiscurrentlykeptinalibraryinPoland.

37.Thezodiacsymbolsinthemanuscriptmatchstandardastrologicalcharts.

38.The"entropy"oftheVoynichtextishigherthanthatofEnglish.

39.Thehandwritinginthemanuscriptappearstobefluent.

40.Themanuscriptcontainsinformationaboutspacetravel.

WritingSection

WritingTask1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Thechartsbelowshowthepercentageofelectricityproducedbydifferentsourcesinaspecificcountryin1995,2005,and2015.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Writeatleast150words.

[ChartDescriptionSimulation]

Chart1(BarChart):Showsfourenergysources:Coal,Nuclear,Gas,andRenewables.

1995:Coal(60%),Nuclear(20%),Gas(15%),Renewables(5%).

2005:Coal(45%),Nuclear(25%),Gas(20%),Renewables(10%).

2015:Coal(30%),Nuclear(30%),Gas(25%),Renewables(15%).

WritingTask2

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwaytoreducecrimeistogivelongerprisonsentences.Others,however,thinktherearebetteralternativewaystoreducecrime,suchaseducationandcommunityprograms.

Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.

Writeatleast250words.

SpeakingSection

Part1

Theexaminerasksthecandidateabouthim/herself,his/herhome,workorstudies,andotherfamiliartopics.

Topic:Hometown

1.Whereisyourhometown?

2.Whatdoyoulikeaboutyourhometown?

3.Isthereanythingyouwouldliketochangeaboutyourhometown?

4.Howoftendoyouvisityourhometown?

Topic:Weather

5.Whatkindofweatherdoyouusuallyhaveinyourcountry?

6.Doyoupreferhotorcoldweather?Why?

7.Doestheweathereveraffectyourplans?

8.Whatisyourfavoriteseason?

Part2

Describeabookthatyouenjoyedreading.

Youshouldsay:

Whatthebookwas

Whatitwasabout

Whyyoudecidedtoreadit

Andexplainwhyyouenjoyedreadingthisbook.

Part3

Discussiontopics:ReadingHabits

1.Dopeopleinyourcountryreadasmuchastheyusedtointhepast?

2.Whatkindofbooksaremostpopularinyourcountrynowadays?

3.Doyouthinkpaperbookswilleventuallybereplacedbye-books?

4.Whatarethebenefitso