2026年考研英语一考试真题及答案

2026年考研英语一考试真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,yetitsimplementationremainsfraughtwithpsychologicalcomplexity.Weareconstantlyremindedthatoursmartphonesareengineeredtocaptureourattention,leveragingsophisticatedalgorithmsthat1ourdopaminereceptors.Whiletheintentiontodisconnectisnoble,the2oftenproveselusive.Themomentweattempttoseverthetie,aphysiological3setsin,characterizedbyaphantomvibrationsyndromeoranincessanturgetocheckfornotifications.Thisisnotmerelyalackofwillpower;itisa4ofbiologicaldesignmeetingbehavioralvulnerability.Tounderstandthis,wemustlookatthe5ofvariablerewardschedules.Justasslotmachinesdispensejackpotsatunpredictableintervals,socialmediaplatformsprovidea6streamofvalidation—likes,comments,andshares—thatkeepsusersengaged.Theuncertaintyofwhenthenextrewardwillarrive7thebrain’spredictionerrormechanism,makingtheactivity8toresist.Consequently,a"digitaldetox"isoftenlessabout9technologyandmoreaboutreprogrammingourresponsetouncertainty.However,totalabstinenceisrarelythe10solution.Formostprofessionals,smartphonesareindispensabletoolsforproductivityandcommunication.Amore11approachinvolves"frictionmanagement."Byturningoffnon-essentialnotifications,usinggrayscalemodetoreducethescreen'svisualappeal,and12specifictimeblocksforcheckingemails,individualscanregaincontrolwithout13theirdigitallivesentirely.Thismethodacknowledgesthattechnologyisnotinherently14;rather,itistheunchecked,passiveconsumptionthat15issues.Furthermore,thenarrativeofthedetoxoften16thesocialbenefitsofconnectivity.Formarginalizedcommunities,digitalplatformscanprovidevitalsupportnetworksthatare17offline.Therefore,thegoalshouldnotbetodemonizethedigitalrealmbuttocultivatearelationship18it.Mindfulusage,characterizedbyintentionalityandawareness,allowsusto19theutilityofourdeviceswhilemitigatingthepotentialforaddiction.Ultimately,thechallengeliesnotinthedeviceitself,butinthe20wechoosetoengagewithit.1.[A]soothe[B]hijack[C]monitor[D]stimulate2.[A]reality[B]outcome[C]strategy[D]purpose3.[A]barrier[B]defense[C]withdrawal[D]immunity4.[A]combination[B]sequence[C]mystery[D]function5.[A]psychology[B]failure[C]inefficiency[D]history6.[A]steady[B]constant[C]intermittent[D]diminishing7.[A]activates[B]suppresses[C]ignores[D]balances8.[A]easy[B]difficult[C]possible[D]unnecessary9.[A]embracing[B]updating[C]avoiding[D]understanding10.[A]practical[B]only[C]best[D]initial11.[A]drastic[B]sustainable[C]radical[D]theoretical12.[A]assigning[B]wasting[C]stealing[D]shortening13.[A]improving[B]organizing[C]abandoning[D]simplifying14.[A]malicious[B]useful[C]addictive[D]benign15.[A]solves[B]minimizes[C]creates[D]highlights16.[A]exaggerates[B]overlooks[C]justifies[D]emphasizes17.[A]dangerous[B]available[C]inaccessible[D]redundant18.[A]against[B]with[C]without[D]inside19.[A]limit[B]maximize[C]question[D]destroy20.[A]manner[B]time[C]extent[D]frequencySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeoflaborrelations,challengingtraditionaldefinitionsofemploymentandsecurity.Proponentsarguethatitoffersunprecedentedflexibilityandautonomy,allowingworkerstobetheirownbossesandchoosetheirhours.However,thisflexibilityoftencomesatasteepprice:theerosionofhard-wonworkerprotections.Arecentstudyindicatesthatnearly30%ofgigworkersinthetransportationsectorreportearninglessthantheminimumwageoncevehiclemaintenanceandinsurancecostsarefactoredin.Thecoreoftheissueliesintheclassificationofworkers.CompanieslikeUberandDoorDashclassifytheirworkforceasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisdistinctionisnotmerelysemantic;itisthepivotuponwhichbillionsofdollarsinlaborcoststurn.Ascontractors,workersaredeniedaccesstobenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andunemploymentcompensation.Theyalsobearthefullbruntofoperationalrisks,fromfluctuatingdemandtoaccidentsonthejob.Legislatorsarecurrentlygrapplingwithhowtoupdatelaborlawstoaddressthisgreyarea.Somestateshaveattemptedtoimplementan"ABCtest,"whichpresumesaworkerisanemployeeunlessspecificconditionsaremet.Thistestwouldforcecompaniestoabsorbmanycoststheycurrentlyoffloadontoworkers.Unsurprisingly,gigeconomygiantshavefoughtbackaggressively,fundingballotmeasurestocarveoutexemptionsandpreservetheirbusinessmodels.Thedebateisoftenframedasaclashbetweeninnovationandregulation.Techcompanieswarnthatstrictclassificationruleswillstifleinnovationandincreasepricesforconsumers.Yet,thisbinaryperspectiveobscuredamorenuancedreality.Innovationdoesnotinherentlyrequiretheexploitationoflabor.Infact,sustainablebusinessmodelsthattreatworkersfairlycoulddriveadifferentkindofinnovation—onefocusedonefficiencyandservicequalityratherthanjustcostarbitrage.Aswemoveforward,thequestionisnotwhetherthegigeconomywillsurvive,butinwhatform.Acompromisemaylieincreatingathirdcategoryofworker,onethatisentitledtocertainbasicprotectionswithoutrequiringthetraditionalfull-timeemploymentstructure.Untilsuchalegalframeworkisestablished,thegigeconomywillremainacontestedterrainwherethepromiseofflexibilityisovershadowedbytheprecariousnessofeconomicsurvival.21.Theauthormentionsthestudyinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate______.[A]thepotentialforhighearningsinthegigeconomy[B]thediscrepancybetweenflexibilityandfinancialsecurity[C]thepopularityofgigworkinthetransportationsector[D]thedifficultyofcalculatingminimumwageforgigworkers22.Theword"presume"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]assume[B]prove[C]ignore[D]calculate23.Whyhavegigeconomygiantsfoughtbackagainstthe"ABCtest"?[A]Theybelieveitwilldestroythegigeconomycompletely.[B]Theywanttoprotectworkersfromexploitation.[C]Itthreatenstheircurrentcost-savingbusinessmodels.[D]Itpreventsthemfrominnovatingnewtechnologies.24.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheauthor’sviewoninnovation?[A]Innovationisincompatiblewithstrictlaborregulations.[B]Innovationshouldnotcomeattheexpenseofworkerrights.[C]Thegigeconomyisthepinnacleoflabormarketinnovation.[D]Consumerpricesaremoreimportantthanworkerbenefits.25.Thetextsuggeststhatapotentialsolutiontothegigeconomyproblemis______.[A]banninggigworkaltogether[B]classifyingallworkersasfull-timeemployees[C]establishinganewlegalcategoryforworkers[D]reducingthenumberofgigplatformsText2Intherealmofastrophysics,thediscoveryofexoplanets—planetsorbitingstarsoutsideoursolarsystem—hasshiftedfromatrickletoaflood.WiththeaidoftelescopeslikeKeplerandTESS,scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofsuchworlds,someofwhichresideinthe"habitablezone"whereliquidwatercouldtheoreticallyexist.Thishasinevitablyreignitedtheage-oldquestion:Arewealoneintheuniverse?Whilethedetectionoftheseplanetsisatriumphoftechnology,determiningtheiratmosphericcompositionremainsaformidablechallenge.Theholygrailistheidentificationofbiosignatures—gaseslikeoxygen,methane,orozonethatareproducedbybiologicalprocesses.However,abioticprocessescanalsomimicthesesignatures.Forinstance,photochemistrycangenerateoxygeninanatmospherewithoutlife.Therefore,themerepresenceofthesegasesisnotconclusiveproofoflife.Todistinguishbetweentruebiosignaturesandfalsepositives,scientistsmustunderstandtheplanetarycontextinitsentirety.Thisinvolvesstudyingthehoststar'sactivity,theplanet'sgeology,andthepotentialforoceans.Aplanetwithapersistent,globalhazemightobscuretheviewofitssurface,complicatingtheanalysis.Moreover,thespectralresolutionrequiredtoparsetheseatmosphericfingerprintsdemandsthenextgenerationofspacetelescopes,suchastheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)andtheupcomingLUVOIR.TheimplicationsoffindingevenmicrobiallifebeyondEarthareprofound.Itwouldsuggestthattheemergenceoflifeisacommonoccurrencethroughoutthecosmosratherthanasingularcosmicaccident.Thisrealizationwouldbridgethegapbetweenastronomyandbiology,creatingaunifiedfieldofastrobiology.Conversely,ifwefindthattheuniverseisteemingwithplanetsbutdevoidoflife,itwouldimplythatthetransitionfromchemistrytobiologyisexceedinglyrare,placingourownexistenceinasharper,moreprecariouslight.Thesearchisnotmerelyascientificendeavor;itisaphilosophicalandculturalone.Itforceshumanitytoconfrontitsplaceinthegrandschemeofexistence.Whetherwearealoneornot,theanswerwillfundamentallyalterourperceptionofwhoweareandwhatourfuturemighthold.Aswepeerintothedeepvoid,weareessentiallyholdingupamirrortotheEarthitself,seekingtounderstandthefragilityanduniquenessofourownbiosphere.26.Thedetectionofexoplanetsisdescribedasshiftingfroma"trickletoaflood"toindicate______.[A]thedangeroftoomuchdata[B]therapidincreaseindiscoveries[C]theneedforbetterwatermanagement[D]theunreliabilityofearlyfindings27.Accordingtothetext,whyisthedetectionofoxygenalonenotproofoflife?[A]Oxygenistoorareintheuniverse.[B]Oxygencannotbedetectedbycurrenttelescopes.[C]Non-biologicalprocessescanalsoproduceoxygen.[D]Liferequiresmethanemorethanoxygen.28.Whatisnecessarytoconfirmthepresenceoflifeonanexoplanet?[A]Detectionofliquidwateronthesurface.[B]Acomprehensiveunderstandingoftheplanetarycontext.[C]Theplanetmustbelocatedinthehabitablezone.[D]Directobservationofmicrobialorganisms.29.Theauthorsuggeststhattheabsenceoflifeonotherplanetswouldimplythat______.[A]lifeonEarthisauniqueanomaly.[B]ourtelescopesarenotpowerfulenough.[C]theuniverseistooyoungforlifetodevelop.[D]chemistryrarelyleadstoahabitableenvironment.30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthetext?[A]ThetechnicalchallengesofbuildingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.[B]Themethodsusedtocalculatethedistanceofexoplanets.[C]Thescientificandphilosophicalsignificanceofsearchingforextraterrestriallife.[D]Thedebateoverwhetheroxygenormethaneisabetterbiosignature.Text3Themodernmuseumhasundergonearadicaltransformation,evolvingfroma"templeofknowledge"toa"forumfordebate."Historically,museumsweredesignedtohouseartifactsandeducatethepublicthroughanarrativeofobjectivetruth,oftencuratedbyanelitegroupofexperts.Thevisitorwasapassiverecipientofwisdom.Today,thisdynamicisshifting.Museumsareincreasinglyembracingtheirroleassocialagents,addressingcontemporaryissuessuchasclimatechange,socialjustice,andinequality.Thisshifthasnotbeenwithoutcontroversy.Criticsarguethatbyengagingwithpoliticizedtopics,museumsriskalienatingportionsoftheiraudienceandcompromisingtheirneutrality.Theyfearthatthecuratorialvoiceisbeingreplacedbyactivism,andthatobjectsarebeingusedtopreachratherthantoteach.The"cancelculture"debateshaveevenextendedintomuseumcollections,withcallstoremovestatuesorexhibitsthataredeemedoffensiveorrepresentativeofacolonialpast.Proponentsofthenewmodel,however,arguethatneutralityisamyth.Theycontendthattheselectionofwhattodisplay—andwhattoleaveinstorage—hasalwaysbeenapoliticalact.Byignoringcontroversialaspectsofhistory,museumseffectivelysanitizethepast,perpetuatingabiasednarrative.Therefore,activelyengagingwithdifficulthistoriesisnotadeparturefromthemuseum'smission,butafulfillmentofit.Itallowsforamoreinclusiveinterpretationthatreflectsthediversityofthecommunitythemuseumserves.Digitaltechnologyhasplayedapivotalroleinthisdemocratization.Virtualtoursandonlinearchivesallowpeoplefromaroundtheglobetoaccesscollectionsthatwerepreviouslythedomainoftheprivilegedfew.Socialmediaenablesdirectinteractionbetweencuratorsandthepublic,breakingdownthehierarchicalbarriersofthepast.Thisdigitalexpansionforcesmuseumstobemoretransparentabouttheirprovenanceresearchandacquisitionpolicies.Ultimately,themuseumofthefuturemustbalancethepreservationofthepastwiththeneedsofthepresent.Itmustremainaspaceofcontemplationwhilealsoservingasacatalystfordialogue.Thisrequiresadelicatebalanceofscholarshipandaccessibility.Thechallengeistoavoidreducingcomplexhistoriestosimplisticsloganswhilestillmakingthemuseumrelevanttoasocietythatisconstantlyquestioningitsownvaluesandidentity.31.The"templeofknowledge"modelischaracterizedby______.[A]activepublicparticipation[B]afocusonsocialjusticeissues[C]passivecurationbyexperts[D]digitalaccessibilityforall32.Criticsofthemodernmuseumworrythat______.[A]museumsarebecomingtoocommercialized[B]activismisreplacingeducationalobjectives[C]digitaltoursarereplacingphysicalvisits[D]historicalartifactsarebeingdamaged33.Proponentsbelievethatengagingwithcontroversialhistoryisnecessarybecause______.[A]itattractsmorefundingandvisitors[B]neutralityisimpossibleandoftenbiased[C]ithelpsmuseumssellmoremerchandise[D]historicalartifactsareboringotherwise34.Howhasdigitaltechnologyinfluencedmuseums?[A]Ithasmadephysicalmuseumsobsolete.[B]Ithasincreasedthecostofmaintainingcollections.[C]Ithasdemocratizedaccesstomuseumcontent.[D]Ithasproventhatneutralityisimpossible.35.Theauthorconcludesthatthefuturemuseummust______.[A]abandonscholarshipinfavorofpopularity[B]focussolelyondigitalexhibitions[C]balancepreservationwithcontemporaryrelevance[D]removealloffensivestatuesimmediatelyText4Thehumanbrainisoftendescribedasthemostcomplexobjectintheknownuniverse,amasterpieceofbiologicalengineering.Yet,forallitsprocessingpower,itissurprisinglypronetocognitiveerrors.Thesebiases,whichevolvedasshortcutstohelpourancestorssurviveinadangerousworld,canleadusastrayinthemoderninformationenvironment.Understandingthesementalglitchesiscrucialfornavigatingaworldfilledwithmisinformation.Oneofthemostpervasivebiasesisconfirmationbias,thetendencytosearchforandinterpretinformationinawaythatconfirmsone'spreexistingbeliefs.Intheageofsocialmediaalgorithms,thisbiasisamplified.Wearefedcontentthatalignswithourviews,creatingechochambersthatreinforceourconvictionsandshieldusfromcontradictoryevidence.Thisphenomenonmakesitincreasinglydifficulttohaveconstructivepoliticaldiscourse,aseachsideoperatesonadifferentsetof"facts."Anothersignificanterroristheavailabilityheuristic,wherewejudgetheprobabilityofaneventbasedonhoweasilyanexamplecomestomind.Dramatic,sensationalevents—likeplanecrashesorterroristattacks—areetcheddeeplyintoourmemories,leadingustooverestimatetheirlikelihood.Conversely,mundanebutdeadlyrisks—likeheartdiseaseordiabetes—oftengounderestimatedbecausetheylacktheemotionalimmediacyofasuddendisaster.Thisskewingofriskperceptioncanleadtopoorpersonalandpolicydecisions.TheDunning-Krugereffectisacognitivebiaswherepeoplewithlowabilityatataskoverestimatetheirability.Thisoccursbecausetheylackthemetacognitiveabilitytorecognizetheirownincompetence.Intheeraof"fakenews"andexpertbashing,thiseffectisparticularlydangerous.Individualswithsuperficialknowledgemayfeelqualifiedtodismissscientificconsensus,leadingtothespreadofanti-intellectualismandtherejectionofempiricalevidence.Combatingthesebiasesrequiresadeliberateefforttoengagein"slowthinking,"ascoinedbyDanielKahneman.Thismeanspausingtoreflectonourinitialjudgments,seekingoutdisconfirmingevidence,andbeingwillingtoupdateourbeliefsinthefaceofnewdata.Itdemandsintellectualhumilityandtheacceptancethatourbrainsarenotperfectrationalcalculators.Byrecognizingthelimitationsofourcognitivemachinery,wecanstrivetomakebetterdecisions,bothasindividualsandasasociety.36.Theauthorstatesthatcognitivebiasesevolvedbecause______.[A]thehumanbrainispoorlydesigned[B]theyhelpedancestorssurvive[C]moderninformationistoocomplex[D]theyarenecessaryforsocialmedia37.Howdoessocialmediaaffectconfirmationbias?[A]Itexposesuserstoawidervarietyofviewpoints.[B]Itencouragesuserstofact-checkinformation.[C]Itcreatesechochambersthatreinforceexistingbeliefs.[D]Ithasnoeffectoncognitivebiases.38.Theavailabilityheuristicleadspeopleto______.[A]accuratelycalculatestatisticalprobabilities[B]fearcommondiseasesmorethandramaticevents[C]overestimatethelikelihoodofdramaticevents[D]ignoreallrisksassociatedwithdailylife39.TheDunning-Krugereffectsuggeststhat______.[A]expertsareusuallywrongabouttheirabilities[B]incompetentpeopleareoftenunawareoftheirincompetence[C]intelligenceisfixedandcannotbechanged[D]everyoneispronetooverestimatingtheirskills40.Accordingtothetext,combatingbiasesrequires______.[A]relyingmoreonintuition[B]avoidingallformsofmedia[C]engaginginreflective"slowthinking"[D]trustingthefirstinstinctPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphsofthetexthavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)[A]Thishistoricalperspectiveshiftsourunderstandingoftheera.ItsuggeststhattheRenaissancewasnotmerelyasecularphenomenonbutadeeplyreligiousone,wherethespiritualandthematerialwereintertwined.Theartistswerenotbreakingawayfromthechurchbutwereactivelyengagedinatheologicaldialogue,usingtheirbrushestoexplorethenatureofthedivine.[B]However,thisviewhasbeenchallengedinrecentdecades.HistorianshavepointedoutthattheChurchremainedtheprimarypatronoftheartsthroughouttheperiod.Manyofthemostcelebratedworks,fromMichelangelo'sSistineChapeltoRaphael'sStanze,werecommissioneddirectlybyPopes.[C]TheRenaissancehaslongbeencelebratedasthedawnofmodernity,aperiodwhenhumanitybrokefreefromtheshacklesofmedievalsuperstition.Inpopularimagination,itisaneraofsecularhumanism,wherescienceandartflourishedindependentofreligiousdogma.[D]Furthermore,thecontentoftheartitselfremainedheavilyreligious.Evenwhenartistspaintedclassicalmythology,theyofteninfuseditwithChristianallegory.Thedepictionofthehumanbody,whilemorenaturalistic,wasoftenusedtoexpressthebeautyofGod'screationratherthanmerehumanvanity.[E]Toignorethereligiouscontextistomisunderstandthemotivationbehindtheart.TheRenaissanceobsessionwithperspectiveandanatomicalprecisionwasdrivenbyadesiretorenderthedivinewithgreaterrealism,therebymakingthesacredmoreaccessibletothefaithful.[F]Therevivalofclassicallearningwasalsointerpretedthroughareligiouslens.Scholarsofthetimebelievedthatancientphilosophy,particularlyPlato,anticipatedmanyChristiantruths.Thestudyofthe"pagans"wasseenasawaytoilluminateChristiantheology,nottoreplaceit.[G]ThisrevisionistapproachdoesnotdiminishtheachievementsoftheRenaissance.Instead,itaddsalayerofcomplexitytoourappreciation.Itremindsusthatculturalshiftsarerarelycleanbreaksfromthepastbutareoftencomplexnegotiationswithexistingtraditions.Order:41.______->42.______->43.______->44.______->45.______->GPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theeconomicimpactofartificialintelligence(AI)isasubjectofintensedebateamongeconomistsandpolicymakers.(46)WhileoptimistspredictthatAIwillusherinaneweraofunprecedentedproductivityandwealthcreation,pessimistswarnofwidespreadjobdisplacementandincreasinginequality.ThisdivergenceofopinionstemsfromdifferingviewsonthenatureofAItechnology:isitatoolthataugmentshumanlabor,orasubstitutethatrendersitobsolete?Historically,technologicalrevolutionshavefollowedapredictablepattern.(47)Initially,newtechnologiesdisruptspecificindustries,causingtemporarydislocationandanxietyamongworkerswhoseskillsaresuddenlyoutdated.However,overtime,thesetechnologieshaveloweredthecostofgoodsandservices,createdentirelynewindustries,andgenerateddemandfornewtypesoflabor.TheIndustrialRevolution,forinstance,destroyedartisanaljobsbutcreatedamassivedemandforfactoryworkersandengineers.(48)AI,however,differsfromprevioustechnologiesinitsabilitytoperformcognitivetasksthatwerepreviouslyconsideredtheexclusivedomainofhumans.Thisincludespatternrecognition,decision-making,andevencreativeendeavorslikewritingandcomposingmusic.Consequently,the"safehavens"ofthelabormarket—white-collarprofessionaljobs—maybemorevulnerabletoautomationthanmanuallabor,whichoftenrequirescomplexdexterity.Theoutcomeofthistransitionwilllargelydependonhowwemanageit.(49)IfthebenefitsofAIareconcentratedinthehandsofafewtechmonopolies,theresultcouldbeasocietywherewealthishighlyconcentratedandsocialmobilityisstifled.Ontheotherhand,ifthegainsarewidelydistributed,throughmechanismssuchasuniversalbasicincomeorretrainingprograms,AIcouldliberatehumanityfromdrudgery.(50)Therefore,thechallengeisnotmerelytechnologicalbutalsosocialandpolitical.Wemustdesigninstitutionsthatareresilientenoughtoadapttotherapidpaceofchange,ensuringthattheAIrevolutionbenefitshumanityasawholeratherthanaprivilegedfew.Thisrequiresproactivegovernance,acommitmenttolifelonglearning,andare-evaluationofthesocialcontract.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouareamemberoftheuniversity'sstudentunion.Writeanemailtoavisitingprofessor,ProfessorSmith,whorecentlygavealectureoncampus.Inyouremail,youshould:1)Expressyourgratitudeforthelecture;2)Askaspecificquestionaboutapointmentionedinthelecture;3)InviteProfessorSmithtoparticipateinanonlinediscussionforumwithstudents.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.PartB52.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150-200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.ChartDescription:Thebarchartillustratesthechangesinthereadinghabitsofcollegestudentsfrom2018to2023.Therearethreecategories:E-books,Printedbooks,andAudiobooks.In2018,Printedbooksaccountedfor65%,E-bookswere25%,andAudiobookswere10%.In2023,Printedbooksdecreasedto40%,E-booksincreasedto35%,andAudiobooksincreasedsignificantlyto25%.——参考答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]hijack解析：上下文提到智能手机被设计用来吸引我们的注意力，利用复杂的算法“劫持”我们的多巴胺受体。hijack意为“劫持”，形象地描述了算法对大脑化学反应的控制。soothe（抚慰）和monitor（监控）不符合语境；stimulate（刺激）通常搭配直接的对象，但hijack更能体现这种强制性和操纵性。2.[A]reality解析：前文提到断开连接的意图是高尚的，但“现实”往往证明是难以捉摸的。这里对比的是intention（意图）与reality（现实）。3.[C]withdrawal解析：描述试图断开连接后产生的生理反应，如幻觉震动综合症，这是典型的“戒断”症状。barrier（障碍）、defense（防御）、immunity（免疫力）均不符合语境。4.[A]combination解析：这不仅仅是缺乏意志力，而是生物设计与行为脆弱性的“结合”。combination符合“两个因素共同作用”的逻辑。5.[A]psychology解析：后文提到的variablerewardschedules（变率强化程序）是行为心理学的概念。此处指理解这一点需要看其背后的心理学原理。6.[C]intermittent解析：老虎机是在不可预测的间隔内分发奖赏，即“间歇性”的。steady（稳定的）和constant（持续的）与“不可预测”矛盾；diminishing（递减的）不符合语境。7.[A]activates解析：不可预测性激活了大脑的预测误差机制。suppresses（抑制）、ignores（忽略）、balances（平衡）不符合神经科学逻辑。8.[B]difficult解析：这种机制使得该活动“难以”抗拒。easy（容易）与addiction（成瘾）的语境相反。9.[C]avoiding解析：数字排毒更多是关于重新编程我们对不确定性的反应，而不是“回避”技术。因为前文提到完全戒断很少是最佳方案，所以这里强调不是简单的避开技术。10.[A]practical解析：对于大多数专业人士来说，完全戒断很少是“实用的”解决方案，因为他们离不开智能手机。only（唯一的）语气太强，且后文提到了更好的方法。11.[B]sustainable解析：更“可持续的”方法包括摩擦力管理。drastic（激烈的）和radical（激进的）通常指彻底的改变，而这里指温和的、长期可行的管理方式。12.[A]assigning解析：指定特定的时间段查邮件。assigningtimeblocks是常见搭配。13.[C]abandoning解析：这种方法允许个人在不“完全抛弃”数字生活的情况下重新获得控制。improving（改善）和organizing（组织）不如abandonning（抛弃）更能对应“totalabstinence”（完全戒断）的对比。14.[A]malicious解析：这种方法承认技术本质上不是“恶意的”。后文提到问题在于不受控的消费，说明技术本身是中性的，不是恶意的。useful（有用的）语义太泛，addictive（成瘾的）是前文否定的观点（因为问题在于用法）。15.[C]creates解析：是不受控的被动消费“制造”了问题。solves（解决）和minimizes（最小化）逻辑相反。16.[B]overlooks解析：排毒的叙述往往“忽略”了连接性的社会效益。exaggerates（夸大）和emphasizes（强调）与后文提到的边缘社区的支持网络相矛盾。17.[C]inaccessible解析：对于边缘社区，数字平台提供了线下“无法获得”的关键支持网络。18.[B]with解析：目标不是妖魔化数字领域，而是培养“与”它的关系。cultivatearelationshipwith是固定搭配。19.[B]maximize解析：正念使用允许我们“最大化”设备的效用，同时减少成瘾风险。limit（限制）与utilize（利用）的语境略有冲突。20.[A]manner解析：挑战不在于设备本身，而在于我们选择与之互动的“方式”。manner在此处最贴切。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[B]thediscrepancybetweenflexibilityandfinancialsecurity解析：第一段提到零工经济提供了灵活性，但引用的研究显示许多人收入低于最低工资。这是为了说明灵活性和经济安全之间的差距/矛盾。22.[A]assume解析：presume意为“假定”。ABC测试是一种法律推定，即假定某人是雇员，除非满足特定条件。23.[C]Itthreatenstheircurrentcost-savingbusinessmodels.解析：第三段提到ABC测试将迫使公司承担目前转嫁给工人的成本，公司因此反击。这威胁到了他们节省成本的商业模式。24.[B]Innovationshouldnotcomeattheexpenseofworkerrights.解析：第四段作者提到创新不应以剥削劳动力为代价，可持续的商业模式可以公平对待工人。这表明作者认为创新不应牺牲工人权益。25.[C]establishinganewlegalcategoryforworkers解析：最后一段提到妥协方案可能是创建第三类工人，赋予其基本保护