衔接点03 形容词、副词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点03形容词、副词初中视角高中展望初中要求掌握形容词作定语、表语时的用法，副词修饰形容词或作状语的用法。同时掌握了它们的比较级和最高级的构成，知道了如何在具体语境中应用。高中阶段不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识,还要掌握形容词和副词之间相互转换的规则,以及同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中形容词、副词考点聚焦】考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1．Wedon’thave________foralltheguests,andthehallisn’t________either.A．enoughchairs,enoughbig B．enoughchairs,bigenoughC．chairsenough,bigenough D．chairsenough,enoughbig2．Thereis________withhislegs.Hecanwalkfaronhisown.A．nothingwrong B．wrongnothingC．somethingwrong D．wrongsomething3．Aftermovingtothecity,theyoungmanlived________inhissmallflat,buthiscutepetcatmadehimfeelless________.A．alone;alone B．alone;lonely C．lonely;alone D．lonely;lonely考点二形容词和副词的词义辨析4．Hetookallthebooksoutofhisschoolbag,andnowitis________.A．missing B．serious C．special D．empty5．—Teamworkis________forasuccessfulgroupproject.—True.Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest.A．necessary B．special C．possible D．similar6．MoreandmoreforeignersareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,________BeijingOperaandpaper-cut.A．suddenly B．especially C．finally D．nearly考点三形容词和副词的比较等级7．IthinkMountTaishanisnotonly________thantheothermountainsinShandong,butalso________ofall.A．higher;themostbeautiful B．thehighest;morebeautifulC．high;themostbeautiful D．higher;morebeautiful8．AlthoughMr.Wangisalreadyinhissixties,heexercises________thanmanyyoungpeople.A．regularly B．moreregularly C．mostregularly D．themostregularly9．Wedon’thavemuchhomeworknowandourschoolbagsare________theyusedtobe.A．asheavyas B．muchheavierthan C．aslightas D．muchlighterthan考点四形容词和副词的构词法10．SanTaiMountaininspringismuch________(beautiful)thananyotherplaceinSuqian.11．Sallylookseven________(更糟的；更坏的)thanyesterday.Ithinkshehastoseethedoctor.12．Ifeelvery________(sleep),soIcanhardlykeepmyeyesopen.13．Drinkingtoomuchcoffeecanmakeyoustay________(wake)tillmidnight.14．It’s________(不寻常的)toseesnowinChinainthesummer.15．Aftertreatment,shecannowwalk_________(normal)asusual.【高中形容词、副词考点聚焦】课标解读冠词几乎每年都有考查,考查点主要包括:1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。高中形容词、副词重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法,以及形容词和副词之间的转换。考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识,还要掌握形容词和副词之间相互转换的规则,以及同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。考点清单考点一形容词和副词的句法功能一、形容词用法（修饰名词、作表/定/宾补）作定语：放在名词前修饰名词公式：形容词+n.例：animportantproblem一个重要的问题作表语：放在系动词后常见系动词：be/look/become/get/turn/stay/keep/sound/smell/taste/feel公式：系动词+形容词例：Thefoodtastesdelicious.作宾语补足语：keep/make/find+宾语+形容词公式：keep+sb./sth.+adj.例：Keeptheroomclean.口诀：修饰名词用形容词，系动后面用形容词，补充宾语用形容词二、副词用法（修饰动词、形容词、整句话，作状语）修饰实义动词，放在动词前后：v.+adv./adv.+v.例：Herunsquickly.修饰形容词：adv.+adj.例：veryimportant修饰整个句子，常放句首：Luckily,hepassedtheexam.填空判断诀窍：空格后是名词→大概率填形容词；空格修饰动词/形容词/整个句子→填副词。考点二形容词和副词的构词规律类别例词词尾加-ycloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy词尾加-(e)dgift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced,excite→excited词尾加-ingsurprise→surprising,convince→convincing,frighten→frightening词尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,home→homeless,colour→colourful/colourless,use→useful/useless,thank→thankful/thankless,peace→peaceful/peaceless词尾加-ablecomfort→comfortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable词尾加-ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous词尾的-ce变为-tconfidence→confident,difference→different词尾加-almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional词尾加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,love→lovely词尾加-enwood→wooden,wool→woolen其他常见变化energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等)]动词词尾加-ive/-ativeattract→attractive,talk→talkative,prevent→preventive,protect→protective变化分类变化规则示例规则1：直接加-ly绝大多数形容词直接在词尾加-lyreal→reallyhelpful→helpfully规则2：辅音+y结尾以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-lybusy→busilyangry→angrilyeasy→easily规则3：元音+e结尾以元音字母+e结尾，去掉e，再加-lytrue→truly规则4：-le结尾以-le结尾，去掉e，加-ysimple→simply规则5：-ll结尾以-ll结尾，词尾直接加-yfull→fully规则6：-ic结尾以-ic结尾，词尾加-allyautomatic→automatically考点三形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化1．规则变化词形分类及变化方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加-er或-esttalltallertallest以e结尾的，直接加-r或-stnicenicernicest以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词/多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficult2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。Heworkedaswellasaqualifiedtechnician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。2．比较级常见的结构(1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Holidayflightticketsaregettinglessandlessexpensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。(3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。Themorepeopleareinvolved,thebettertheoceanenvironmentis.参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。(4)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“oneofthe＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar,almost以及序数词等。Myparentswantedmetohavethebestpossibleeducation.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。4．比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Yourstoryisperfect;I'veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：①比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词②比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词③比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。三、倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句Smokingisharmfultopeople'shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。一、单句语法填空1．Inthismuseum,youcanseemany(religion)paintings.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand(disappoint),butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Tostay(energy)throughouttheday,it’simportanttogetenoughsleepandeathealthily.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Smilingisclearlya(universe)signoffriendlinessandapproval.（所给词的适当形式填空）5．Manyathletesconsiderregularcross-training(benefit)forpreventinginjuries.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thefinalscoreofthegamewas(satisfy)forthewholeteam.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Shewas(excite)aboutthechancetosinghere.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．The(frighten)lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadseensomethingunusual.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．YuanLongpingwasan(influence)scientistwhohelpedfeedbillions.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．The(origin)paintingisdisplayedinthemuseumwhilecopiesaresoldinthegiftshop.(所给出的适当形式填空)11．Hesaid(mild)tomethathedidn’tmeantoupsetme.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．ThelecturethatProfessorLifromTsinghuaUniversitygavethistermwas(particular)inspiringformyresearch.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．Theyalsohopeto(far)educatepeopleabouttheimportanceofsafeguardinghistoricandculturalrelicsforfuturegenerations.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Alldonationswillbe(grateful)received.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Aftertheexamourteacherspoketousall(individual).(所给词的适当形式填空)16．I(absolute)believethatpersistenteffortswillfinallyleadyoutogreatsuccessinlife.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．Thecompanywill(gradual)addfitnesscoursesthataresuitablefortheoldpeople.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．WeshouldusetheInternet(wise)andavoidbeingaddictedtoit.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．(unfortunate),we’verunoutoftime.(所给词的适当形式填空)20．Tohelpdealwiththis,IgorunningasoftenasI(possible)can.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、完成句子1．健康生活方式是多么宝贵啊！________________thehealthylifestyleis!2．他用餐时，他的朋友们很困惑。Hisfriendsgot_______________whenhehadameal.3．我现在感到不舒服，我需要休息一下。I’m________________now.Ineedtohavearest.4．最后，我们不禁为这种强大的技术所惊叹。________,wecan’thelpbutbeamazedatthepowerfultechnology.5．你练习得越多，沟通就会越好。The________youpractice,the________youwillcommunicate.6．她太年轻了，不能独自去旅行。

Sheis____________________________________travelalone.7．随后，他的朋友们认为他的行为出人意料的有趣。Later,hisfriendsthinkhisbehavioris_______________.8．社团活动让校园生活变得更加丰富多彩。Clubactivitiesmakeschoollife________.9．菜肴太美味了，以至于他把所有的食物都吃光了。Thedisheswere_______________heateupallthefood.10．养成早睡早起的习惯很有必要。____________________todevelopthehabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.三、语篇填空（形容词副词专练）DUJIANGYAN1(Original)

constructed

around

256

BCE

by

the

State

of

Qin

as

an

irrigation

and

flood

control

system,Dujiangyanis

a

2(remark)

example

of

ancient

engineering

skilland

is

still

in

usetoday.During

theWarringStatesPeriod,

people

who

lived

along

the

banks

of

the

MinRiver

were

troubled

by3

(anniversary)flooding.Qingovernor

and

irrigation

engineer

Li

Bing

investigated

the

problem4

(thorough).

Heled

a

team

toconstructa

levee(防洪堤)

to

redirect

a

portion

of

the

river’s

flow.

Then

they

cut

a

channel

through

Mount

Yuleitodischargetheexcess

water.

After

the

system

was

finished,

no

floods

occurredany5(long).

What’s

more,

itmadeSichuanoneof

themostproductive6

(agriculture)

regions

in

China

because

the

redirectedwater

fromthe

MinRivercouldbeusedforirrigation.

If

you

visit

Dujiangyan,

you

will

see

an

7(usual)constructionthatresemblesafish’smouth.This8(fame)

attraction,

Yuzui,

together

with

two

other

important

parts,

9(name),FeishayanandBaopingkou,was10(scientific)designed

to

control

the

water

flow

throughout

theyear.Recognisedas

aUNESCOheritagesite,Dujiangyan

has

irrigated

farms

while

preventingfloods

for

over2,000years.一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesepastries(糕点)havearichand1(diversity)historythatspansthousandsofyears.TraditionalChinesepastriesarepopularfortheirbeautifulshapes,delicateflavorsandculturalsymbolism.TheoriginsofChinesepastriescanbetracedbacktoancienttimesforreligiousceremoniesandspecialoccasions.Overcenturiesofdevelopment,Chinesepastries2(evolve).DuringtheTangdynasty,Chinesepastriesexperiencedasignificantgrowthin3(popular)andthedevelopmentofnumerousdelicatepastryrecipes.MooncakesareamongthemostfamousChinesepastries,4areassociatedwiththeMid-AutumnFestival.Mooncakeshaveahistory5(date)backover1,000yearsandwereoriginallyused6anofferingtothemoongoddess(女神)duringtheharvestseason.Theseroundpastries7(typical)haveasweetfillingsuchasredbeanpaste,andarich,oilycrust(壳).Mooncakesareoftenimprintedwithamazingdesignsandsymbolsthatrepresentgoodluckandprosperity(繁荣).Thewifecake,or“laopobing”inMandarin,originatedinGuangdongduringtheSongdynasty.Wifecakesaresmall,roundpastriesthat8(fill)withsweetandstickywintermelon.Theoriginofthepastry’snameis9(certain)butonestorysuggeststhatitwasnamedbyahusbandwhowantedtomakehiswifefamousforherexcellentbakingskills.EachregioninChinahasitsownpastrieswithvariousflavors,ingredients10productionmethods.ChinesepastriesareanimportantpartofChinesecuisineandculturaltraditions.二、阅读理解Formorethantenyears,IwasascreenandTVwriter,navigating(导航)theshark-filledwatersofHollywood.Despitetheconstantandunavoidableupsanddownsofthislife,IrealizedmanyofmydreamsincludingworkingwithstarslikeLucasandwritinganEmmy-winningTVshow.Then,mylifetookanunexpectedturn.In2011,Iagreedtoteachaclass.Idiscoveredadeeploveforit—theengagementwithstudentsandthestable(稳定的)incomewerewelcomechanges.Asmywritingcareerslowed,mywifeencouragedmetoseekformoreteaching.IresearchedandfoundapositionatUCRiverside.Isaid“Yes”totheinterview,gotthejob,andwithinyearsbecameaprofessor.Academybecamemyfocus,butIremainedawriteratheart.Idecidedtowritemyfirstnovel,freefromdeadlines,simplyforthecreativejoy.In2015,anemailaskedifIwasinterestedinatalkinthecommunity.Isaid“Yes”.Thechallengewasbig:a15-minutespeechinfrontof500peopleandthreecameras.However,Isucceeded,andthetalkwaswell-received.AfterthespeechwasuploadedtotheInternet,itledtoanemailfromPublisher,suggestingabooko