【基础精练】Unit 6 The Admirable 写作技巧点拨-2022-2023学年高一英语练好基础（北师大版2019必修第二册）

Unit6TheAdmirable写作技巧点拨概要写作eq\a\vs4\al()文体感知概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句子表述出来，不能抄袭文章的原句，更不能把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。概要写作基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。一、概要的写作步骤1．确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己总结。2．寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概要的信息浓度。3．重构主题句。概要的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概要的质量。4．重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。二、写概要的具体方法1．定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在时，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时，如Thepassagetellsusthat...2．定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。(特殊如书信等，可能会使用第一、二人称)3．定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。(1)同义替换法◆Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.(2)正话反说法◆Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.(3)词性转换法◆Yoursuggestionsareveryvaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.(4)介词短语法◆Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus,wearesuretofinishitintime.(5)句式变化法①语态变换◆Todaypeopleintheworldwidelyusecomputers.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.②简单句变复合句◆Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.③连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but、and、so、while、however、then、yet、for、therefore、thus、including、insteadof等。◆Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthan/insteadofgoing.④词序改变法◆ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.⑤特殊句式法◆Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.→Jimwantstogoboating,andsodohisparents.eq\a\vs4\al()增分佳句1．Thepassage/storyisaboutamisunderstandingbetweenastudentandateacher.2．Theauthortellsusastoryabout...3．Thepassageisastoryabout...4．Accordingtothepassage,theherointhestory...5．YaoMingisagreatbasketballplayerinChinaorevenintheworld.6．MartinLutherKingisnowregardedasoneoftheheroesofthe20thcentury.7．Thewritertellsus...(主题)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情节)8．Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoing...,which...9．Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoing...10．...beregarded/acceptedas...11．...setagoodexampleto...满分作文特训eq\a\vs4\al()写作要求阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。DiscoveringaLostBrother①KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrothernamedVincent.ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingabouthim,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.②ThatchangedinDecember2017,whenKieron'sadoptiveparentsgavehimanAncestryDNAtestasaChristmasgift.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewasstunnedtofindhehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatitwaslabeled“closefamily”．HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.“Thisisgoingtosoundsowild...butIthinkyou'remybrother，”KieronwroteonFacebook'sMessengerapp.“Iwasgivenupforadoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”③“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname？”wroteVincent,now30.④“IthinkitwasTyler.”⑤“OMGYES！！！Youaremybrother.”⑥“Wow，”wroteKieron.⑦“Thisiscrazy，”saidVincent.⑧Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.Moresurprisingly,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.⑨VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandnowstillrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough,andShawn,whoworked15­plushoursadayasanurse,decidedthatplacingKieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.⑩“Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime,tothepointwhereitwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened,”Vincentsays.⑪Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.⑫OneofVincent'sconcernswasthatKieronmightresenthisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption.HewasrelievedKierondidn't,andthathe'dgrownupinalovingfamily.⑬Sincethatfirstmeeting,thebrothershavebondedevenmore.TheyplayedfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies.“We'llkeepgrowingourrelationshipuntilit'stimetoleavethisplanet，”saysVincent.Thatshouldn'tbehard.AsKieronsays,“We'vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第一步：审题谋篇本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲基伦(Kieron)如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥文森特(Vincent)，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及他们如何迅速建立了感情。全文可以划分为四个部分：第一部分(①－⑦)：基伦通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。第二部分(⑧)：基伦与哥哥住得很近并上了同一所大学。第三部分(⑨－⑩)：基伦的妈妈为什么放弃他并让别人领养他。第四部分(⑪－⑬)：基伦和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。第二步：要点概括细读原文，可得出概括成概述的以下四个要点：要点一：ThatchangedinDecember2017，whenKieron'sadoptiveparentsgavehimanAncestryDNAtestasaChristmasgift.HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.“Thisisgoingtosoundsowild...butIthinkyou'remybrother，”可概括为：KieronfoundhisbrotherVincentthroughanAncestryDNAtestandFacebook.要点二：Astheytalked，thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.Moresurprisingly，theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.可概括为：Surprisingly,theylivedquiteclosetoeachotherandstudiedthesamesubjectsinthesameuniversity.要点三：VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandnowstillrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough，andShawn，whoworked15­plushoursadayasanurse，decidedthatplacingKieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.可概括为：Kieronwasgivenupforadoptionbyhismotherwhenhewasababy.要点四：Sincethatfirstmeeting,thebrothershavebondedevenmore.AsKieronsays，“We'vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”可概括为：Aftertheirfirstmeeting，thetwobrothersquicklybondedandwouldimprovetheirrelationshipintheyearstocome.第三步：组句成篇请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要点句，并运用适当的过渡词语把它们连接起来组成一篇概要写作。________________