【基础精练】Unit 5 Humans and Nature 语篇素养提升-2022-2023学年高一英语练好基础（北师大版2019必修第二册）

Unit5HumansandNature语篇素养提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AEarlyinthe16thcenturymenweretryingtoreachAsiabytravelingwestfromEurope.InordertofindAsiatheyhadtofindawaypastSouthAmerica.ThemanwhoeventuallyfoundthewayfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificwasFerdinandMagellan.MagellansailedfromSevilleinSeptember1519withfiveshipsandabout266men.Thirteenmonthslater,afterspendingaseverewinteronthecoastofPatagonia,hediscoveredthechannelwhichisnowcalledMagellan'sStrait.InNovember1520,aftermanymonthsofdangersfromrocksandstorms,duringwhichtwoshipswerelost,thethreeremainingshipsenteredtheoceanontheothersideofSouthAmerica.Theythencontinued,hopingtoreachAsia.ButtheydidnotseeanylanduntiltheyreachedtheislandsoffthecoastofAsia.Beforetheyarrivedattheseislands,laterknownasthePhilippines,hismenweredyingofstarvation.WhiletheywerestayinginthePhilippines,Magellanwaskilledinbattle.TheremainingofficersthenhadtogetbacktoSpain.TheydecidedtosailroundAfrica.Aftermanydifficulties,oneshipwitheighteenmensailedintoSevillethreeyearsafterleaving.TheywereallthatremainedofMagellan'sexpedition.However,theirachievementwasgreat.Theywerethefirstmentosailroundtheworld.1．WhatwasthepurposeofofMagellan'sexpedition?A．Tosailroundtheworld.B．TofindasearoutetoIndia.C．TomakeavoyagetoAsia.D．TocarrymentoPhilippines.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageconcerningtheexpedition?A．Lackofnavigationequipment.B．SeverewinterinPatagonia.C．ThedeathofMagellan.D．Dangersfromrocksandstorms.3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Magellan'sDeathB．TheDiscoveryofthePhilippinesC．TheMostDangerousExpeditioninNavigationD．TheFirstExpeditiontoAsiaBAngelGarciaCrespoisacomputerengineeratCarlosⅢUniversityofMadridinSpain.Hisgrouphasinventedanewwayfordeaf­blindpeopleto“watch”TV.Theideaforthetechnologygrewoutofpreviousworkbyhisgroup.Theteamhadalreadyworkedonmakingaudiovisual(视听的)materialsaccessibletopeoplewitheithervisionorhearingdisabilities.Butthegroupwantedtohelppeoplewithbothchallenges.Sotheyaskedsomedeaf­blindpeoplewhatwouldhelp.Inadditiontorelyingontheirsenseoftouchtocommunicate,deaf­blindpeoplecanalsogetandsendinformationwithaBrailleline.Thebraillesystemusespatternsofraiseddotstostandforlettersandnumbers.ABraillelineisanelectronicmachinewithachangeableBrailledisplay.Dotsriseupordropdownbasedontheinformationsenttothemachine.NowthenewsystemchangesTVsignalstodataaBraillelinecanuse.“Thekeytothesystemisthepossibilityofusingsubtitles(字幕)tocollectTVinformation，”GarciaCrespoexplains.“Subtitlestravelwiththeimage(影像)andtheaudioinelectromagneticwaveswedon'tsee.Butanelectronicsystemcankeepthosewaves.”First,acomputerprogram,orapp,pullsoutthesubtitlesandvisualdescriptionsfromthebroadcastsignal.ThesystemthencombinestheinformationandchangesbothintodataforBraille.Nowanotherappgetstowork,whichsendsthedataouttopeople'sBraillelinesondemand.“Thisisdoneinrealtime,inlessthanasecond，”GarciaCresposays.Thisletsadeaf­blindperson“watch”TVasit'sbroadcast.ThesystemwillworkwithvariousBraillelines,aslongasthere'sabluetoothconnectionavailable.Now,thesystemisonlyusedinEurope,anditshouldsoonbeavailableintheUS.4．WhatinspiredGarciaCrespo'sgrouptoworkonthenewtechnology?A．Deaf­blindpeople'spoorlife.B．Theirpityonthedisabledpeople.C．Thechallengestheyfaceinwork.D．Theirgroup'spreviousresearch.5．WhycantheelectronicsystemcollectTVinformation?A．Itcancombineallkindsofbroadcastsignals.B．Itcankeepthewaveswithsubtitlestraveling.C．ItcanworktogetherwithavarietyofBraillelines.D．Itcanpulloutthesubtitlesandvisualdescriptions.6．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthenewtechnology?A．Challenging. B．Bright.C．Rewarding. D．Hopeless.7．Whatshouldbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．NewTechnologyIsImprovingDeaf­blindPeople'sLifeB．ANewBrailleLineIsAppliedtoDisabledPeople'sLifeC．ASpanishGroupMakesTVAccessibletoBlindPeopleD．NewTechnologyHelpsDeaf­blindPeople“Watch”TVⅡ.七选五Amongtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.·Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcohol­basedhandrubifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.1.________·2.________Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands,youmaycontaminate(污染；传染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwthetissueimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcohol­basedhandruborsoapandwater.·Keepatleastone­meterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople,particularlythosewhoarecoughing,sneezingandhaveafever,becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸系统)diseaseproject(喷射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3.________·Avoidtouchingeyes,nosesandmouthsbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces,whichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes,nosesormouthswithyourcontaminatedhands,youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourselves.·Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavetraveledinanareawheretheepidemic(流行病)hasbeenreported,orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysymptoms.·Practicegeneralhygiene(卫生)measureswhenvisitingliveanimalmarkets,wetmarketsoranimalproductmarkets.4.________Avoidcontactwithpotentiallycontaminatedanimalwasteorfluidsonthesoil.Orstructuresofshopsandmarketfacilities.·5.________Handlerawmeat,milk,oranimalorganscarefullytoavoidcross­contaminationwithuncookedfood.A．Avoideatinganimalproducts.B．Ifyouaretooclose,youcanbreatheinthevirus.C．Thishelpsyouknowthevirusifit'sonyourhands.D．Avoideatingraworuncookedanimalproducts.E．Thishelpsyouremovethevirusifit'sonyourhands.F．Strictlyavoidanycontactwithotheranimalsinthemarket.G．Coveryourmouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingandsneezing.Ⅲ.语法填空TodayismyfirstdayatseniorhighschoolandIlikemynewschoolverymuch.Theteachersarekindandfriendlyandclassroomsare1.____________(amaze).Everyroomhasacomputerwithaspecialscreen,2.____________photographs,textandinformationfromwebsitescanbeshown.MyEnglishteacheris3.____________enthusiasticwomancalledMsShen.Hermethodofteachingisnothinglikethatoftheteachersatmyjuniorhighschool.Shethinksthatreadingcomprehensionisimportant,andwespeakalotinclass,too.Idon'tthinkIwillbe4.____________(bore)inMsShen'sclass!Todayweintroducedourselvestoeachother.Somestudentswereembarrassedatfirstbuteveryonewasveryfriendlyanditwas5.____________(real)nice.MsShengaveus6.____________(instruct)andthenweworkedbyourselves.MsShenhopes7.____________(help)usimproveourspellingandhandwriting.Wedothis8.____________afunway,withspellinggamesandotheractivities.Allofuslikeherattitudeverymuch.Therearesixty­fivestudentsinmyclassandeveryoneishard­working.Forourhomeworktonight,wehavetowritea9.____________(describe)ofthestreetwherewelive.I'mlookingforwardto10.____________(do)it!参考答案：Ⅰ.阅读理解A【解题导语】本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从欧洲向西航行到亚洲进而完成环球航行的探险之旅。1.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋，然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。故选C。2.A解析：细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及航海设备方面的问题。故选A。3.D解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从海上去亚洲进而完成环球航行的探险之旅。故选D。B【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术，这种新技术能让聋盲人士在电视播出时“观看”电视。4.D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hisgrouphasinventedanewwayfordeaf­blindpeopleto‘watch’TV.Theideaforthetechnologygrewoutofpreviousworkbyhisgroup.”可知，是由于之前的研究鼓励小组攻克新的技术。故选D。5.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，电子系统可以收集电视信息是因为它可以让带字幕的电波传播。故选B。6.B解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Now,thesystemisonlyusedinEurope,anditshouldsoonbeavailableintheUS.”可知，作者对新技术的未来是充满希望的。故选B。7.D解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Thisletsadeaf­blindperson‘watch’TVasit'sbroadcast.ThesystemwillworkwithvariousBraillelines,aslongasthere'sabluetoothconnectionavailable.”可知，文章最佳标题是“新技术帮助聋盲人士‘看’电视”。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世卫组织提供的抵抗新冠肺炎的7个方法。1．E解析：空格前的“Washhands”