2025年下半年广西广西全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库

2025年下半年广西广西全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库PartIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassageaboutclimatechangeandurbanplanning.YouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Listencarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhear.Thephenomenonofurbanheatislands(UHI)hasbecomeacriticalfocalpointforenvironmentalscientistsandurbanplannersalike.Ascitiesexpand,thenaturallandscapeisreplacedbydenseconcentrationsofpavement,buildings,andasphalt.Thesesurfacesabsorbandretainheat,significantlyelevatingtemperaturesinurbanareascomparedtotheirruralsurroundings.Tocombatthis,modernurbandesignmustincorporatestrategicgreeninfrastructure.Forinstance,theintegrationofgreenroofsandverticalgardenscansubstantiallyreducesurfacetemperaturesthroughtheprocessofevapotranspiration.Furthermore,thematerialsusedinconstructionplayapivotalrole;utilizinghigh-albedomaterialsthatreflectmoresunlightcanmitigateheatabsorption.Itisalsoimperativetooptimizeurbanventilationcorridors,allowingnaturalbreezestodissipatetrappedheat.Failuretoaddressthesethermaldisparitieswillnotonlyincreaseenergyconsumptionforcoolingbutalsoexacerbatepublichealthrisks,particularlyforvulnerablepopulationssuchastheelderlyandthosewithpre-existingrespiratoryconditions.Therefore,policymakersareurgedtoimplementstringentzoningregulationsthatmandatethesesustainablepractices,ensuringthatfutureurbandevelopmentsareresilienttotheescalatingthreatsofglobalclimatechange.1.Thenaturallandscapeisreplacedbydenseconcentrationsofpavement,buildings,and__________.2.Utilizinghigh-albedomaterialsthatreflectmoresunlightcan__________heatabsorption.3.Failuretoaddressthesethermaldisparitieswillalsoexacerbatepublichealthrisks,particularlyforvulnerablepopulationssuchastheelderlyandthosewithpre-existing__________conditions.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralconversationsandpassages.Aftereachconversationorpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenONLYONCE.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ConversationOneM:ProfessorSmith,I'mworkingonmythesisregardingrenewableenergyadoptionindevelopingnations.I'vehitaroadblocktryingtoquantifytheeconomicimpact.W:That'sacommonchallenge,Alex.Areyoufocusingonmacroeconomicindicatorsormicro-levelhouseholdsavings?M:Initially,Iwantedtolookatthemacrolevel,butthedataistoofragmented.I'mshiftingtomicro-level,specificallyhowsolarpanelsaffecthouseholdincomeinruralareas.W:Awisepivot.Makesureyouaccountfortheinitialinstallationcosts.Often,studieshighlightthelong-termsavingsbutobscurethefinancialburdenoftheupfrontinvestment.M:I'veincorporatedthatvariable.I'malsolookingatthesubsidystructuresprovidedbylocalgovernments.Itseemsthatwithoutsubsidies,theadoptionrateplummetsbyoverfortypercent.W:Thatfiguresoundsplausible.Haveyouconsideredtheimpactofmicro-financing?Manyruralhouseholdsdon'thavetheliquidityforupfrontcosts,evenwithsubsidies.M:Notyet.That'sanexcellentpoint.I'llresearchmicro-financeinstitutionsintheregion.DoyouthinkIshouldincludeacomparativeanalysiswithanotherregion?W:Itwouldstrengthenyourargument.Perhapscompareitwitharegionthatreliesheavilyongridextension.Itwillhighlightthedistincteconomictrajectories.M:Thankyou,Professor.I'llrevisemymethodologythisweekend.Questions4to6arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.4.WhatisthemaintopicofAlex'sthesis?5.WhydidAlexdecidetoshiftfrommacroeconomictomicro-levelindicators?6.AccordingtoProfessorSmith,whatisoftenobscuredinstudiesregardingrenewableenergy?PassageOneTheconceptofneuroplasticityhasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthehumanbrain.Fordecades,thescientificconsensusheldthattheadultbrainwasastaticorgan,incapableofgeneratingnewneuronsorsignificantlyalteringitsstructureafteracriticalperiodinearlychildhood.However,groundbreakingresearchinthelatetwentiethcenturydemonstratedthatthebrainremainshighlymalleablethroughoutanindividual'slife.Thismalleabilityallowsthebraintoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections.Suchplasticityisfundamentaltolearning,memory,andrecoveryfrombraininjury.Forinstance,whenapersonsuffersastroke,thedamagedareamaylosefunction,butthroughtargetedrehabilitation,adjacentneuralnetworkscansometimesassumetherolesofthedamagedcells.Thisrewiringisnotautomatic;itrequiresintense,repetitivestimulation.Moreover,neuroplasticityisadouble-edgedsword.Whileitenablesrecoveryandadaptation,itcanalsosolidifymaladaptivebehaviors,suchasaddictionorchronicpainpathways.Therefore,understandingthemechanismsthatgovernneuralrewiringiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivetreatmentsforawidearrayofneurologicalandpsychiatricconditions.Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.7.Whatwasthescientificconsensusabouttheadultbrainbeforethelatetwentiethcentury?8.Whatisrequiredforadjacentneuralnetworkstoassumetherolesofdamagedcellsafterastroke?9.Whatdoesthespeakermeanbydescribingneuroplasticityasa"double-edgedsword"?10.Whatistheultimategoalofunderstandingthemechanismsgoverningneuralrewiring?PartIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Thedigitalrevolutionhasfundamentallytransformedthewaywecommunicate,work,andentertainourselves.However,thistransformationhasbroughtaboutaphenomenonknownas"informationoverload."Theaverageindividualisnowbombardedwithanoverwhelmingamountofdatadaily,leadingtoastateofcognitiveexhaustion.Thisconstantbarrageofinformationnotonlydiminishesourabilitytoconcentratebutalso(11)________ourdecision-makingprocesses.Whenfacedwithtoomanychoicesandtoomuchdata,peopleoftenexperience"analysisparalysis,"wherethefearofmakingthewrongdecision(12)________anyactionaltogether.Furthermore,theomnipresenceofdigitaldeviceshasalteredthearchitectureofhumaninteraction.Socialmediaplatforms,whileostensiblydesignedto(13)________us,oftenengenderfeelingsofinadequacyandisolation.Thecuratedrealitiespresentedontheseplatformscreateunrealisticbenchmarksforsuccessandhappiness,leadingtoapervasivesenseof(14)________anxiety.Psychologistswarnthatthecontinuouscomparisontoothers'highlightreelscanprecipitatedepressivesymptomsanderodeself-esteem.Intheprofessionalrealm,theexpectationofconstant(15)________hasblurredtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife.Employeesarefrequentlyexpectedtorespondtoemailsandmessageslongafterofficialworkinghours,aphenomenontermed"techno-invasion."Thisencroachmentintopersonaltimepreventsindividualsfrom(16)________fully,therebyincreasingtheriskofburnout.Tomitigatetheseadverseeffects,digitalwellnesshasemergedasacriticaldiscipline.Itadvocatesforintentionaldisengagementfromdigital(17)________.Strategiessuchas"digitalsabbaths"—designatingspecificdaystounplugentirely—andtheuseofapplication(18)________tomonitorscreentimearegainingtraction.Moreover,cultivatingofflinehobbiesthatrequiresustainedattention,suchasreadingaphysicalbookorpracticingamusicalinstrument,canhelp(19)________thecognitivefragmentationcausedbyrapidtask-switching.Ultimately,whiletechnologyisanindispensabletool,wemustexercise(20)________overitsusagetopreserveourmentalacuityandemotionalwell-being.11.A.exacerbatesB.mitigatesC.facilitatesD.orchestrates12.A.initiatesB.perpetuatesC.precludesD.stimulates13.A.isolateB.connectC.divideD.alienate14.A.existentialB.occupationalC.financialD.spatial15.A.availabilityB.unavailabilityC.competenceD.incompetence16.A.socializingB.workingC.unwindingD.networking17.A.devicesB.detoxificationC.literacyD.media18.A.blockersB.limitersC.enhancersD.trackers19.A.accelerateB.reverseC.worsenD.maintain20.A.cautionB.abandonC.prudenceD.indifferencePartIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.TextATheadventofquantumcomputingheraldsaparadigmshiftincomputationalcapability.Unlikeclassicalcomputers,whichencodeinformationinbinarydigits(bits)representingeither0or1,quantumcomputersutilizequantumbits,orqubits.Qubitsleveragetheprinciplesofsuperpositionandentanglement,allowingthemtoexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.Thisintrinsicparallelismenablesquantumcomputerstosolvecertaincomplexproblemsexponentiallyfasterthantheirclassicalcounterparts.Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofquantumcomputingliesinthefieldofcryptography.Currentencryptionstandards,suchasRSA,relyonthemathematicaldifficultyoffactoringlargeprimenumbers—ataskthatwouldtakeclassicalcomputersmillenniatocomplete.Asufficientlypowerfulquantumcomputer,employingShor'salgorithm,couldtheoreticallycracktheseencryptionsinamatterofhours.Thisvulnerabilitynecessitatestheurgentdevelopmentofpost-quantumcryptographytosecuresensitivedataagainstfuturethreats.Furthermore,quantumcomputingispoisedtorevolutionizematerialscienceanddrugdiscovery.Simulatingmolecularstructuresandchemicalreactionswithhighprecisionisacomputationallyintractableproblemforclassicalmachines.Quantumcomputers,however,canmodelthesequantummechanicalsystemsnatively,potentiallyleadingtothediscoveryofnovelmaterials,moreefficientbatteries,andtargetedpharmaceuticals.Despitethesepromises,significantengineeringhurdlesremain.Qubitsarehighlysusceptibletoenvironmentalnoise,aphenomenonknownasdecoherence,whichcausesthemtolosetheirquantumstate.Maintainingquantumcoherencerequiresoperatingattemperaturesnearabsolutezero,makingthephysicalconstructionofthesemachinesextraordinarilycomplexandexpensive.Acriticalmetricforassessingtheemissionreductionofanewquantum-poweredlogisticsnetworkisrequired.Ifaclassicalsystememitstonsofcarbonandthequantumoptimizationreducesthisbyafactorofα(where0<α<1),thenewemissioncanbecalculatedusingtheformula=×(121.Whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenclassicalcomputersandquantumcomputersmentionedinthetext?22.Whyisthedevelopmentofpost-quantumcryptographydescribedas"urgent"?23.Accordingtothetext,howcanquantumcomputersrevolutionizedrugdiscovery?24.Whatisthemainengineeringchallengeinbuildingquantumcomputersmentionedinthepassage?25.Basedontheprovidedformula,calculatethenewcarbonemissionforthelogisticscompany.TextBTheconceptofuniversalbasicincome(UBI)hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasapotentialsolutiontotheeconomicdisparitiesexacerbatedbytechnologicalautomation.UBIproposesaregular,unconditionalcashpaymenttoallcitizens,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorwealth.Proponentsarguethatitservesasasafetynetagainstthedisplacementofworkersbyartificialintelligenceandrobotics.Byprovidingafundamentaleconomicfloor,UBIisintendedtoalleviatepoverty,reduceinequality,andgrantindividualsthefreedomtopursueeducation,caregiving,orentrepreneurialventureswithouttheimmediatepressureofsecuringbasicsustenance.However,criticsofUBIraiseseveralvalidconcerns.Themostprominentistheissueoffunding.ImplementinganationwideUBIrequiresamassiveredistributionofcapital,whichwouldlikelynecessitatesubstantialtaxincreasesorthereallocationoffundsfromexistingsocialwelfareprograms.Economistswarnthatinjectingauniversalcashstipendintotheeconomycouldstimulateinflation,inadvertentlydrivingupthecostoflivingandnegatingthepurchasingpowerofthebasicincomeitself.Furthermore,thereisapsychologicalargumentregardingtheworkethic.Criticscontendthatguaranteedincomemightdisincentivizelaborparticipation,leadingtoadecreaseinoverallproductivityandastagnationofeconomicgrowth.Pilotprogramsacrossvariouscountrieshaveyieldedmixedresults.InplaceslikeFinlandandCanada,preliminarydataindicatedimprovementsinrecipients'mentalhealthandwell-being,withnosignificantdropinemploymentlevels.However,thesetrialswereoftenlocalizedandshort-term,makingitdifficulttoextrapolatethelong-termmacroeconomicimpactsofanationwiderollout.ThedebateoverUBIultimatelyhingesonafundamentalphilosophicalquestionaboutthenatureofworkandtheresponsibilitiesofthestateinaneraofrapidtechnologicaltransformation.Doessocietyoweitsmembersashareofthewealthgeneratedbycollectivetechnologicaladvancements,evenifthoseadvancementsrenderhumanlaborobsolete?26.WhatistheprimarymotivationforimplementingUBIaccordingtoitsproponents?27.Accordingtocritics,whatisthemostsignificantobstacletoimplementingUBI?28.WhatwerethefindingsofthepilotprogramsinFinlandandCanada?29.Whyisitdifficulttoextrapolatetheresultsofthepilotprogramstoanationalscale?30.WhatisthecorephilosophicalquestionunderlyingtheUBIdebate?TextCDeep-seamininghasemergedasahighlycontentiousissueattheintersectionofresourceextractionandenvironmentalconservation.Theabyssalplainsarerichinpolymetallicnodules—small,potato-sizedconcretionslyingontheoceanfloorthatcontainvaluablemineralssuchascobalt,nickel,andmanganese.Thesemineralsareindispensablecomponentsinthemanufactureoflithium-ionbatteries,whichpowerelectricvehiclesandrenewableenergystoragesystems.Astheglobaltransitionawayfromfossilfuelsaccelerates,thedemandforthesebatterymetalsissurging,pushingminingcompaniestoexplorethedepthsoftheocean.However,thedeepseaisoneofthemostpristineandleastunderstoodecosystemsonEarth.Scientistswarnthattheextractionprocess,whichinvolvesdredgingtheoceanfloor,wouldcauseirreversibledamagetothebenthicecosystem.Sedimentplumesgeneratedbytheminingactivitycouldsmotherfilter-feedingorganismsmilesaway,andthenoiseandlightpollutioncoulddisruptthebehavioralpatternsofdeep-divingmarinemammals.Furthermore,thedeepseaplaysacrucialroleincarbonsequestration;disturbingtheseabedcouldpotentiallyreleasetrappedcarbonbackintothewatercolumn,exacerbatingoceanacidification.Theregulatoryframeworkgoverningdeep-seaminingisoverseenbytheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA),anorganizationtaskedwithbalancingeconomicdevelopmentwithenvironmentalprotection.TheISAhasbeengrantingexplorationcontracts,buttherushtodraftexploitationregulationshasalarmedenvironmentalists.Theyarguethattheprecautionaryprinciplemustbeapplied:giventheprofoundlackofscientificbaselinedataregardingdeep-seaecosystems,commercialminingshouldnotcommenceuntilitsecologicalimpactsarefullyunderstood.Thedebateunderscoresaprofoundparadox:thequestforgreenenergytechnologiesisthreateningtodestroysomeoftheplanet'smostfragileenvironments.31.Whatmakespolymetallicnodulesvaluableinthecontextofglobaldevelopments?32.Whatistheprimaryenvironmentalconcernassociatedwiththeextractionprocess?33.Howcoulddeep-seaminingpotentiallyaffectglobalcarbonlevels?34.WhatistheroleoftheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)?35.Whatdoenvironmentalistsargueregardingthecommencementofcommercialmining?TextDThenotionthathumanlanguageshapeshumanthought—aconceptformallyknownaslinguisticrelativity—hasbeenasubjectofintenseacademicdebatefordecades.ProposedbyEdwardSapirandBenjaminLeeWhorf,thehypothesissuggeststhatthestructureofalanguageinfluencestheworldvieworcognitionofitsspeakers.Initsstrongform,linguisticdeterminismpositsthatlanguagestrictlyconfineshumanthought.However,thisrigidinterpretationhasbeenlargelydebunkedbymoderncognitivescience,whichdemonstratesthatindividualscanconceptualizeideasforwhichtheylackspecificvocabulary.Nevertheless,theweakerformoflinguisticrelativitycontinuestoholdscientificmerit.Studieshaveshownthatlinguisticstructurescaninfluencecognitiveprocessesinsubtlebutmeasurableways.Forexample,languagesthatgrammaticallymarkfuturetense,suchasEnglish,tendtoencourageacognitivedistinctionbetweenpresentandfuture,whichcanaffectfuture-orientedbehaviorslikesavingmoney.Conversely,languageswithaweakfuture-timereference,likeMandarin,donotexplicitlyseparatethefuturefromthepresent,andspeakersoftheselanguageshavebeenobservedtosavemoremoney,astheyperceivethefutureasanextensionofthepresentself.Anotherfascinatingareaofstudyinvolvesspatialorientation.Somelanguagesuseabsolutespatialframesofreference(e.g.,north,south,east,west)ratherthanrelativeones(e.g.,left,right).Speakersoftheselanguages,suchastheKuukThaayorrepeopleofAustralia,possessanextraordinaryinternalcompass,alwaysknowingtheircardinaldirection.Thiscognitiveabilityisadirectconsequenceoftheirlanguage'sspatialgrammar,provingthatlanguagecanwirethebraintoattendtospecificenvironmentalstimuli.Thus,whilelanguagedoesnotimprisonthought,itundeniablyguidesourattentionandshapesourhabitualperceptionofreality,actingasalensthroughwhichweinterprettheworld.36.Whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenthestrongandweakformsoflinguisticrelativity?37.Accordingtothetext,howdoesthegrammaticalmarkingoffuturetenseaffectbehavior?38.WhatisuniqueaboutthespatialorientationoftheKuukThaayorrepeople?39.WhatdoestheexampleoftheKuukThaayorrepeopledemonstrateaboutlanguage?40.Whatistheauthor'soverallconclusionregardingtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought?PartIVWritingSectionADirections:Youarethepresidentoftheuniversity'sTechnologyInnovationClub.Duetoanunforeseenschedulingconflictwiththeuniversity'smainauditorium,theupcoming"ArtificialIntelligenceandFutureCareers"seminarmustberescheduled.Writeanemailtoallclubmemberstoinformthemofthechange.Theemailshouldinclude:1)Thereasonfortherescheduling.2)Thenewdate,time,andlocationoftheseminar.3)Anapologyforanyinconveniencecaused.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.SectionBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingchartandthepromptbelow.Chart:Abargraphshowingthepercentageofpeopleindifferentagegroups(18-25,26-40,41-55,55+)whopreferreadingdigitale-booksversusphysicalprintedbooks.(Age18-25:80%E-book,20%Print;Age26-40:65%E-book,35%Print;Age41-55:40%E-book,60%Print;Age55+:15%E-book,85%Print).Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethechartbriefly,analyzethepossiblereasonsforthistrend,andgiveyourownperspectiveonthefutureofreadingformats.AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanationsPartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.asphaltExplanation:Thespeakerexplicitlymentions"denseconcentrationsofpavement,buildings,andasphalt"inthecontextofurbanexpansionreplacingthenaturallandscape.2.mitigateExplanation:Thetextstatesthat"utilizinghigh-albedomaterialsthatreflectmoresunlightcanmitigateheatabsorption."Mitigatemeanstomakelesssevere.3.respiratoryExplanation:Thepassageidentifies"vulnerablepopulationssuchastheelderlyandthosewithpre-existingrespiratoryconditions"asbeingatincreasedpublichealthriskfromthermaldisparities.SectionBConversationOne4.BExplanation:Alexintroduceshistopicbystating,"I'mworkingonmythesisregardingrenewableenergyadoptionindevelopingnations."5.CExplanation:Alexsays,"Initially,Iwantedtolookatthemacrolevel,butthedataistoofragmented."Thisfragmentationisthedirectreasonforhisshifttomicro-levelindicators.6.AExplanation:ProfessorSmithnotes,"Often,studieshighlightthelong-termsavingsbutobscurethefinancialburdenoftheupfrontinvestment."Thisdirectlyanswerswhatisoftenobscured.PassageOne7.BExplanation:Thepassagestates,"Fordecades,thescientificconsensusheldthattheadultbrainwasastaticorgan,incapableofgeneratingnewneuronsorsignificantlyalteringitsstructure..."8.CExplanation:Thespeakermentionsthatthisrewiring"isnotautomatic;itrequiresintense,repetitivestimulation."9.AExplanation:Describingneuroplasticityasa"double-edgedsword"impliesithasbothpositiveandnegativeconsequences.Thespeakernotesitenablesrecoveryandadaptation,butcanalso"solidifymaladaptivebehaviors,suchasaddictionorchronicpainpathways."10.DExplanation:Theconcludingsentencestates,"understandingthemechanismsthatgovernneuralrewiringiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivetreatmentsforawidearrayofneurologicalandpsychiatricconditions."PartIIUseofEnglish11.AExplanation:Thesentencedescribesthenegativeimpactsofinformationoverload."Exacerbates"(makesworse)fitsthecontextthatitdiminishesconcentrationandnegativelyaffectsdecision-making.Mitigatesmeanstheopposite;facilitateandorchestratedonotconveyanegativeimpact.12.CExplanation:"Analysisparalysis"isdefinedhereasasituationwherefearpreventsaction."Precludes"meanstopreventorprohibit,whichperfectlyfits"precludesanyactionaltogether."13.BExplanation:Thesentenceuses"ostensiblydesignedto...oftenengenderfeelingsofinadequacyandisolation,"creatingacontrast.Socialmediaisostensibly(apparently)designedto"connect"people,thoughitisolatesthem.14.AExplanation:Thecontextdiscussesunrealisticbenchmarksforsuccessandhappiness,leadingtoaprofoundsenseofanxietyaboutone'slifeandexistence."Existentialanxiety"fitsbestinthiscontextofdeep-seatedself-comparison.15.AExplanation:Thephrase"expectationofconstantavailability"meansemployeesarealwaysexpectedtobereachable,whichblurswork-lifeboundaries.16.CExplanation:"Unwinding"meansrelaxing.Ifpersonaltimeisencroacheduponbytechno-invasion,itpreventsindividualsfromrelaxingor"unwinding"fully.17.DExplanation:Digitalwellnessadvocatesforintentionaldisengagementfromdigital"media"or"devices."Giventhecontextofsocialmediaandconstantinformation,"media"isthebroaderandmoreappropriatetermforthecontentcausingtheoverload.18.BExplanation:"Limiters"tomonitorandrestrictscreentimeisastandarddigitalwellnesstool.Blockerspreventaccessentirely,whichisnotthesameasmonitoringandlimitingscreentime.19.BExplanation:Thetextsuggeststhatofflinehobbiescanhelp"reverse"thecognitivefragmentationcausedbyrapidtask-switching.Reversemeanstoundoorcounteractthenegativeeffect.20.CExplanation:Thepassageconcludesthatwemustusetechnologycarefully."Exerciseprudence"meanstoactwithcareandgoodjudgment,fittingthetoneofpreservingmentalacuity.PartIIIReadingComprehensionTextA21.BExplanation:Thetextexplicitlystatesthatclassicalcomputersencodeinformationinbinarydigits(0or1),whereasquantumcomputersusequbitsthatleveragesuperposition,allowingthemto"existinmultiplestatessimultaneously."22.CExplanation:ThetextstatesthataquantumcomputercouldcrackcurrentRSAencryption"inamatterofhours."Becauseofthisvulnerabilitytofuturequantumcomputers,post-quantumcryptographymustbeurgentlydeveloped.23.DExplanation:Thepassagenotesthatsimulatingmolecularstructuresishardforclassicalmachines,but"Quantumcomputers...canmodelthesequantummechanicalsystemsnatively,potentiallyleadingtothediscoveryofnovelmaterials,moreefficientbatteries,andtargetedpharmaceuticals."24.AExplanation:Thetextidentifiesthatqubitsare"highlysusceptibletoenvironmentalnoise,aphenomenonknownasdecoherence,whichcausesthemtolosetheirquantumstate."25.CExplanation:Usingtheprovidedformula=×(1−α=450,000TextB26.AExplanation:ThepassagesaysproponentsargueUBIactsasasafetynet"againstthedisplacementofworkersbyartificialintelligenceandrobotics."Thisistheprimarymotivationinthecontextoftechnologicalautomation.27.CExplanation:Criticshighlightthat"themostprominent[concern]istheissueoffunding,"whichrequiresmassiveredistributionofcapitalandlikelysubstantialtaxincreases.28.CExplanation:Thetextnotesthatpreliminarydataindicated"improvementsinrecipients'mentalhealthandwell-being,withnosignificantdropinemploymentlevels."29.DExplanation:Thetextstatesthetrialswere"oftenlocalizedandshort-term,makingitdifficulttoextrapolatethelong-termmacroeconomicimpactsofanationwiderollout."30.BExplanation:Thefinalquestionsummarizesthedebate:"Doessocietyoweitsmembersashareofthewealthgeneratedbycollectivetechnologicaladvancements,evenifthoseadvancementsrenderhumanlaborobsolete?"Thisaddressesthestate'sresponsibilityinatechnologicallyadvancedera.TextC31.CExplanation:Thepassagelinksthevalueofpolymetallicnodulestotheircontents:cobalt,nickel,andmanganese,whichare"indispensablecomponentsinthemanufactureoflithium-ionbatteries,whichpowerelectricvehicles."32.BExplanation:Theprimaryconcernmentionedisthatdredgingtheoceanfloorwouldcause"irreversibledamagetothebenthicecosystem,"includingsedimentplumessmotheringorganismsandnoise/lightpollutiondisruptingmarinelife.33.DExplanation:Thetextnotesthatdisturbingtheseabedcouldreleasetrappedcarbonbackintothewatercolumn,"exacerbatingoceanacidification,"whichaffectsglobalcarbonlevelsandoceanchemistry.34.BExplanation:TheISAisdescribedas"anorganizationtaskedwithbalancingec