全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(南宁2025年下半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(南宁2025年下半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:Thissectionisdesignedtotestyourlisteningcomprehension.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.PartAYouwillhear5shortdialogues.Attheendofeachdialogue,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththedialogueandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.1.A)Heisapplyingforalibrarycard.B)Heistryingtoborrowaspecificbook.C)Heisreturninganoverduebook.D)Heispayingalibraryfine.2.A)TheeconomicdownturninEurope.B)Thechallengesofcross-culturalcommunication.C)Theproceduresofestablishingajointventure.D)Thenegotiationofalong-termcontract.3.A)Itrequiresprofoundprofessionalknowledge.B)Itisanentry-levelpositionwithlowpay.C)Itprovidesexcellentopportunitiesforpromotion.D)Itinvolvesfrequentbusinesstripstoruralareas.4.A)Shecompletelyforgotaboutthemeeting.B)Shewasdelayedbyheavytraffic.C)Sheoversleptduetoapoweroutage.D)Shewasinformedofthecancellationtoolate.5.A)Stoprelyingentirelyonautomatedsoftware.B)Conductacomprehensivemarketanalysisfirst.C)Hireaprofessionalaccountingfirmforthetask.D)Upgradethecompany'scurrentcomputersystem.PartBYouwillhear2longconversationsortalks.Aftereach,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thematerialswillbereadonlyonce.Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.6.A)Todiscusstheresultsofamedicalcheckup.B)Toconsultaboutapersistentbackpain.C)Togetadviceonimprovingsleepquality.D)Totalkaboutanewfitnessregime.7.A)Takingstrongpainkillerseverymorning.B)Drinkingexcessiveamountsofcoffee.C)Skippingbreakfastfrequently.D)Sittinginfrontofthecomputerfortoolong.8.A)Itprovidesimmediatebuttemporaryrelief.B)Itfocusesontreatingsymptomsratherthantherootcause.C)Itoffersaholisticapproachwithoutsideeffects.D)Itisconsideredanoutdatedmethodbymoderndoctors.9.A)Sheshouldquitherjobandrestforamonth.B)Sheshouldcontinueheracupuncturesessionsindefinitely.C)Sheshouldadjustherworkingpostureandtakeregularbreaks.D)Sheshouldundergoaminorsurgicalprocedure.10.A)Satisfiedandrelieved.B)Skepticalbutwillingtotry.C)Frustratedanddisappointed.D)Anxiousandfearful.Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingtalk.11.A)Theroleofartificialintelligenceinenvironmentalprotection.B)Theimpactofindustrialpollutiononmarineecosystems.C)Thebiologicalmechanismsofcoralreefbleaching.D)Therestorationofcoralreefsusing3Dprintingtechnology.12.A)Theyprovideahabitatforaquarterofallmarinespecies.B)TheyareexclusivelyfoundinthePacificOcean.C)Theycanfullyregeneratewithinadecadeifleftundisturbed.D)Theyareimmunetotheeffectsofglobalwarming.13.A)Itisacheapandeasilyaccessiblematerial.B)Itmimicsthetextureandchemicalcompositionofnaturallimestone.C)Itcancompletelyreplacethebiologicalfunctionsofrealcoral.D)Itautomaticallyabsorbscarbondioxidefromthewater.14.A)GB)GC)GD)G15.A)Globalwarmingisanirreversibleprocess.B)Humaninnovationcanmitigateecologicaldamage.C)Coralreefswillsoonbecomeathingofthepast.D)3Dprintingistheultimatesolutiontoallenvironmentalissues.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblank.Theconceptofemotionalintelligence(EI)hasgainedimmensepopularityinbothacademiccirclesandthecorporateworld.UnliketheIntelligenceQuotient(IQ),which16primarilywithcognitiveabilities,EI17thecapacitytobeawareof,control,andexpressone'semotions,andtohandleinterpersonalrelationshipsjudiciouslyand18.Historically,intelligencewasstrictly19withlogicalreasoningandmathematicalprowess.However,modernpsychologistsarguethatthis20viewisrathermyopic.Apersonmight21brilliantanalyticalskills,yetstillfailto22intheircareerduetoaninabilitytocollaborateoracceptconstructivecriticism.DanielGoleman,aprominentpsychologist,positsthatEI23forasignificantportionofthefactorsthatdetermineprofessionalandpersonalsuccess.Therearefivemain24ofEI:self-awareness,self-regulation,motivation,empathy,andsocialskills.Self-awarenessinvolvesrecognizingone'semotionsandtheir25onothers.Self-regulationistheabilitytocontrol26impulsesandmoods.Motivation27totheintrinsicdrivetoachieveforthesakeofachievement.Empathyisunderstandingtheemotionalmakeupofotherpeople,andsocialskillsinvolvemanagingrelationshipsandbuildingnetworks.Intheworkplace,leaderswithhighEItendto28amorepositiveworkenvironment,which29leadstohigheremployeeretentionandproductivity.30,developingEIisnotaneasytask.Itrequires31reflection,awillingnesstoacceptfeedback,andconsistentpractice.Somecriticsarguethatthe32ofEIcanbeoverlysubjective,makingitdifficulttoquantifyaccurately.33,toolssuchastheMayer-Salovey-CarusoEmotionalIntelligenceTest(MSCEIT)havebeendevelopedto34thisissuebyassessingactualemotionalabilitiesratherthanself-reported35.16.A)dealsB)concernsC)tacklesD)approaches17.A)refersB)definesC)meansD)explains18.A)empatheticallyB)systematicallyC)aggressivelyD)logically19.A)connectedB)associatedC)linkedD)joined20.A)broadB)comprehensiveC)narrowD)expansive21.A)possessB)holdC)occupyD)own22.A)prevailB)succeedC)triumphD)conquer23.A)amountsB)standsC)accountsD)makes24.A)componentsB)elementsC)factorsD)ingredients25.A)affectB)effectC)influenceD)impact26.A)destructiveB)constructiveC)impulsiveD)rational27.A)relatesB)refersC)pointsD)directs28.A)cultivateB)growC)plantD)breed29.A)inturnB)inreturnC)invainD)inessence30.A)ThereforeB)HoweverC)MoreoverD)Thus31.A)introvertedB)internalC)inwardD)inner32.A)valuationB)assessmentC)judgmentD)measurement33.A)ConsequentlyB)NeverthelessC)FurthermoreD)Regardless34.A)tackleB)handleC)solveD)resolve35.A)traitsB)featuresC)characteristicsD)attributesSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theadventofthe"GigEconomy"hasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalemployer-employeerelationship.Characterizedbyshort-termcontracts,freelancework,andindependentcontracting,thegigeconomyoffersunprecedentedflexibility.PlatformslikeUber,Upwork,andFiverrhavedemocratizedaccesstowork,allowingindividualstomonetizetheirskillsontheirownterms.However,thisparadigmshiftisnotwithoutitsdetractors.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersworkers,grantingthemautonomyovertheirschedulesandthetypesofprojectstheyundertake.Forbusinesses,itreducesoverheadcostsandprovidesaccesstoaglobaltalentpool.Yet,criticshighlightadarkersidetothisphenomenon.Thelackofemploymentbenefits,suchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans,placesgigworkersinaprecariousfinancialposition.Furthermore,theclassificationoftheseworkersas"independentcontractors"oftenexemptscompaniesfromprovidingminimumwageguaranteesorcontributingtosocialsecurityschemes.Thisregulatorygrayareahaspromptedlegalbattlesworldwide.Inseveraljurisdictions,lawmakersarepushingfora"thirdcategory"ofworker,onethatsitsbetweenafull-timeemployeeandanindependentcontractor,entitledtocertainbaselinebenefitswithoutsacrificingallflexibility.Theultimateresolutionofthistensionwillshapethefutureoflaborrightsinanincreasinglydigitalworld.36.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaprimaryadvantageofthegigeconomyforworkers?A)GuaranteedminimumwageB)ComprehensivehealthinsuranceC)AutonomyovertheirschedulesD)Long-termjobsecurity37.Whatdoestheword"precarious"inthesecondparagraphmostlikelymean?A)SecureandstableB)DangerousanduncertainC)HighlyprofitableD)Financiallyabundant38.Whyarelegalbattlesoccurringregardingthegigeconomy?A)Becausecompaniesrefusetohiregigworkers.B)Becausegigworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractors,exemptingcompaniesfromcertainbenefits.C)Becausethegigeconomyisshrinkingtoorapidly.D)Becausefull-timeemployeeswanttobecomeindependentcontractors.39.Whatsolutionaresomelawmakersproposing?A)Abolishingthegigeconomyentirely.B)Forcingallgigworkerstobecomefull-timeemployees.C)Creatinganewlegalcategoryofworkerwithbaselinebenefits.D)Increasingtheminimumwageforindependentcontractors.40.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A)TheHistoryofLaborUnionsB)TheFlexibilityofTraditionalEmploymentC)TheGigEconomy:AParadigmShiftwithLegalChallengesD)HowtoSucceedasanIndependentContractorText2Bioluminescence,theproductionandemissionoflightbyalivingorganism,isafascinatingphenomenonthatoccurswidelyinmarinevertebratesandinvertebrates.Whilethemostfamiliarterrestrialexampleisthefirefly,theoceanhostsaspectaculararrayofbioluminescentcreatures,frommicroscopicplanktontodeep-seaanglerfish.Thisbiologicalcapabilityservesavarietyofcrucialecologicalfunctions.Inthepitch-blackdepthsoftheocean,bioluminescenceisprimarilyusedforcommunication,predation,anddefense.Theanglerfish,forinstance,possessesamodifieddorsalfinthatactsasaluminousluretoattractprey.Conversely,certainspeciesofsquidreleasealuminescentcloudtoconfusepredatorsandfacilitateaswiftescape.Somemarinebacteriaevenengageinquorumsensing,aprocesswheretheyonlyemitlightwhentheirpopulationdensityreachesacertainthreshold,ensuringthatenergyisnotwastedonaninsignificantindividualglow.Thechemicalreactionresponsibleforthislightemissioninvolvesalight-emittingmoleculecalledluciferinandanenzymecalledluciferase.Whenluciferinreactswithoxygen,catalyzedbyluciferase,lightisproduced.Thisreactionishighlyefficient,convertingnearlyallthechemicalenergyintolight,withalmostnoheatgenerated—aphenomenonknownas"coldlight."Scientistsarecurrentlyexploringbiotechnologicalapplicationsofthisnaturalphenomenon.Thegenesencodingforluciferasehavebeenisolatedandinsertedintootherorganisms,servingas"reportergenes"tomonitorgeneexpressionortracktheprogressionofdiseaseslikecancer.Aswedelvedeeperintotheocean,thepotentialfornewbioluminescentdiscoveriesandtheirsubsequentapplicationsremainsvast.41.Accordingtothetext,whydomarinebacteriausequorumsensing?A)Tocommunicatewithanglerfish.B)Toavoidconfusingdeep-seapredators.C)Toensuretheirlightemissionissignificantandnotawasteofenergy.D)Toproducemoreluciferinduringthedaytime.42.Whatistheroleofluciferaseinbioluminescence?A)Itactsasaluminouslureforprey.B)Itfacilitatesthechemicalreactionbetweenluciferinandoxygen.C)Itabsorbstheheatgeneratedbythelight.D)Itmonitorsgeneexpressioninhumancells.43.Whyisthelightproducedbybioluminescencereferredtoas"coldlight"?A)Becauseitonlyoccursinthecolddepthsoftheocean.B)Becausethereactionrequirescoldtemperaturestoproceed.C)Becauseitgeneratesalmostnoheatduringenergyconversion.D)Becausethelightisblueandvisuallyappearscold.44.Howisbioluminescencebeingusedinmodernscience?A)Tocreateartificialdeep-seapredators.B)Toreplacetraditionalheatingsystems.C)Asatooltomonitorgeneexpressionandtrackdiseases.D)Toincreasethepopulationdensityofmarineplankton.45.Whatcanbeinferredaboutbioluminescencefromthepassage?A)Itisonlyfoundinmarineenvironments.B)Itsbiotechnologicalpotentialisfullyrealized.C)Itisahighlyinefficientbiologicalprocess.D)Ithasevolvedtoservemultipleecologicalpurposes.Text3Thetransitiontowardsrenewableenergysourcesisacceleratingglobally,drivenbytheurgentneedtomitigateclimatechange.Solarandwindpowerhaveemergedastheleadingcontendersinthisenergyrevolution.However,theirinherentintermittency—thefactthatthesundoesn'talwaysshineandthewinddoesn'talwaysblow—presentsasignificantchallengetogridstability.Toaddressthisbottleneck,scientistsarefocusingonadvancedenergystoragetechnologies,particularlynext-generationbatteries.Whilelithium-ionbatteriescurrentlydominatethemarket,concernsregardingtheirlimitedlifespan,safetyissues,andtheenvironmentalimpactofminingrawmaterialslikecobaltandlithiumhavespurredthesearchforalternatives.Oneofthemostpromisingcandidatesisthesolid-statebattery.Byreplacingtheliquidelectrolytefoundintraditionallithium-ionbatterieswithasolidone,solid-statebatteriesofferhigherenergydensity,fasterchargingtimes,andareducedriskoffire.Anotherinnovativeapproachinvolvesredoxflowbatteries.Unlikeconventionalbatterieswhereenergyisstoredinsolidelectrodes,redoxflowbatteriesstoreenergyinliquidelectrolytesolutionscontainedinexternaltanks.Thecapacityofthesebatteriesisdeterminedsolelybythesizeofthetanks,makingthemhighlyscalableandidealforlarge-scalegridstorage.Thefundamentalprincipleofevaluatingtheefficiencyofenergytransferinasimplifiedbatterycircuitcanbeexpressedmathematically.Ifweconsidertheenergyconversionprocess,thetheoreticalefficiencyηofanelectrochemicalcellcanbecalculatedusingtheformulaη=×100,whereΔGrepresentsthemaximumnon-expansionworkobtainable(Gibbsfreeenergy)andΔHrepresentsthetotalenthalpyofthereaction.Accordingtothisformula,ifaspecificredoxreactioninaflowbatteryhasaΔGof46.Whatisthemainchallengeofsolarandwindpowermentionedinthetext?A)Theyaretooexpensivetoinstall.B)Theyproducetoomuchenergyforthegridtohandle.C)Theirenergygenerationisnotconstant.D)Theyrequirelargeamountsofcobaltandlithium.47.Whatisanadvantageofsolid-statebatteriesovertraditionallithium-ionbatteries?A)Theyarecheapertomanufacture.B)Theyhavehigherenergydensityandaresafer.C)Theyuseliquidelectrolyteswhicharemorestable.D)Theyareeasiertorecycle.48.Whatdeterminesthecapacityofaredoxflowbattery?A)Thesizeofthesolidelectrodes.B)Theconcentrationoflithiumintheelectrolyte.C)Thevolumeoftheexternaltanksholdingtheliquidelectrolyte.D)Thespeedoftheredoxreaction.49.Basedontheformulaη=A)83.33%B)120%C)50%D)75%50.Whatistheoveralltoneofthepassage?A)Pessimisticaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy.B)Objectiveandcautiouslyoptimisticabouttechnologicaladvancements.C)Highlycriticaloflithium-ionbatterymanufacturers.D)Indifferenttothechallengesofgridstability.SectionIVTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText3intoChinese.51.Thetransitiontowardsrenewableenergysourcesisacceleratingglobally,drivenbytheurgentneedtomitigateclimatechange.52.Whilelithium-ionbatteriescurrentlydominatethemarket,concernsregardingtheirlimitedlifespan,safetyissues,andtheenvironmentalimpactofminingrawmaterialslikecobaltandlithiumhavespurredthesearchforalternatives.53.Byreplacingtheliquidelectrolytefoundintraditionallithium-ionbatterieswithasolidone,solid-statebatteriesofferhigherenergydensity,fasterchargingtimes,andareducedriskoffire.54.Unlikeconventionalbatterieswhereenergyisstoredinsolidelectrodes,redoxflowbatteriesstoreenergyinliquidelectrolytesolutionscontainedinexternaltanks.55.Thecontinuousdevelopmentofthesemathematicalmodelsalongsidematerialscienceswilldictatethepaceoftherenewableenergytransition.SectionVWriting56.Directions:Inrecentyears,thedebateoverwhetheremployeesshouldhavetherightto"disconnect"fromworkcommunications(suchasemailsandmessages)outsideofofficialworkinghourshasintensified.Somearguethatthisrightisessentialformentalhealthandwork-lifebalance,whileothersbelieveithindersproductivityandorganizationalefficiency.Writeanessayof160-200wordsdiscussingbothsidesoftheargumentandstatingyourownopinion.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.参考答案及详尽解析SectionIListeningComprehension1.【答案】B【解析】本题考查对话场景与意图。听力原文中男士提到他在寻找一本关于宏观经济的参考书，并询问是否可以外借。女士回应说该书目前可供借阅。这表明男士的目的是借一本特定的书，而非申请借书卡、归还逾期图书或缴纳罚款。2.【答案】B【解析】本题考查对话核心议题。双方在对话中频繁提及语言障碍、文化差异对谈判进程的影响，并讨论了如何通过跨文化沟通策略来消除误解。因此，对话的主题是跨文化沟通的挑战，而非欧洲经济衰退、建立合资企业的程序或长期合同的谈判细节。3.【答案】D【解析】本题考查对工作职位特征的细节捕捉。对话中提到该职位虽然起薪尚可，但需要经常前往偏远乡村地区进行实地考察。这对应了选项D。选项A与对话中“不需要太深的专业知识，但有实地考察要求”矛盾；选项B中的低薪与原文不符；选项C未在对话中提及。4.【答案】C【解析】本题考查对迟到原因的细节理解。女士解释自己迟到是因为昨晚突发停电，导致闹钟没有响，从而睡过了头。选项C完全符合此意。选项A、B、D均未在对话中出现。5.【答案】A【解析】本题考查建议内容的逻辑判断。男士提到公司的税务申报一直依赖自动化软件，但最近出现了很多错误。女士建议不能完全依赖这种软件，应该引入专业会计师进行人工复核。选项A“停止完全依赖自动化软件”最符合女士的建议。选项B、C、D在对话中均未提及。6.【答案】B【解析】主旨大义题。对话一开始，女士就向医生描述自己近期背部持续疼痛，影响了工作。后续的讨论均围绕这一症状展开。因此，女士就诊的主要目的是咨询持续的背痛问题。7.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。医生在询问病史时，女士提到自己每天需要在电脑前坐超过8小时，医生明确指出这很可能是导致背痛的主要原因。选项A、B、C在对话中均未作为致病原因被提及。8.【答案】C【解析】细节推断题。医生提到针灸是一种整体疗法，不仅能缓解症状，还能通过调节经络来治疗根本原因，且没有西药止痛片那样的副作用。选项C“它提供了一种没有副作用的整体疗法”最符合原文。9.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。医生在最后给出的生活建议是，除了针灸治疗，女士还需要调整工作时的坐姿，并且每隔一小时起来活动休息。选项C完全对应。选项A（辞职休息一个月）过于极端且未提及；选项B（无限期针灸）不符合医疗常规；选项D（手术）在对话中被排除了。10.【答案】B【解析】态度推断题。对话结尾，女士表示虽然她以前对针灸持怀疑态度，但既然常规疗法效果不佳，她愿意尝试这种新方法。这说明她的态度是怀疑但愿意尝试的，对应选项B。11.【答案】D【解析】主旨大义题。这篇独白开头提到了工业污染对海洋生态特别是珊瑚礁的破坏，随后大篇幅介绍了科学家如何利用3D打印技术来打印人造珊瑚礁以恢复海洋生态。因此，全篇的核心是使用3D打印技术恢复珊瑚礁。12.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。独白中明确提到，“珊瑚礁为四分之一的海洋物种提供了栖息地”，这对应了选项A。选项B（仅存在于太平洋）和选项D（免疫全球变暖）与原文相悖；选项C（十年内可完全再生）在原文中未提及。13.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。独白中介绍了3D打印珊瑚礁所使用的特殊材料，指出它不仅坚固，还能模仿天然石灰石的质地和化学成分，从而促使珊瑚虫自然附着。选项B正确。选项A（便宜易得）不是材料被选用的核心原因；选项C和D夸大了其功能。14.【答案】A【解析】公式识别题。独白中明确提到科学家使用公式G=×100来评估珊瑚骨骼的生长速率，其中G代表生长百分比，Δ15.【答案】B【解析】推断题。独白最后指出，尽管3D打印技术不能立刻拯救所有珊瑚礁，但它展示了人类的创新精神如何被用来减轻对生态的破坏。选项B“人类的创新可以减轻生态破坏”最符合文章的结论基调。选项A、C过于悲观且与文章结尾矛盾；选项D过于绝对。SectionIIUseofEnglish16.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。"dealwith"意为“处理，涉及”，符合上下文语境，即智商主要涉及认知能力。"concern"通常不与with连用表示此意（concernabout担心）；"tackle"通常指解决问题；"approach"意为“接近，靠近”。17.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。"referto"意为“指的是，指代”，情商指的是能够意识、控制和表达情绪的能力。"define"后通常接as；"means"不符合语法结构；"explain"语气不符。18.【答案】A【解析】逻辑副词题。句意为“明智且富有同理心地处理人际关系”。情商的核心在于同理心，"empathetically"（富有同理心地）最符合语境。"systematically"（系统地）、"aggressively"（攻击性地）、"logically"（逻辑地）均不符合情商强调情感共鸣的特质。19.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。"beassociatedwith"意为“与……联系在一起”，是标准表达。虽然connect和link也有此意，但associated更强调心理或概念上的关联。joined不符合语境。20.【答案】C【解析】上下文逻辑题。前文提到历史上智力被严格限制在逻辑推理上，现代心理学家认为这种观点是“目光短浅的”。由此推断，这种观点是“狭隘的”，选"narrow"。broad（宽广的）、comprehensive（全面的）、expansive（广阔的）均与上下文逻辑相反。21.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。"possessskills"意为“拥有技能”，是最地道的搭配。"hold"通常不与skills连用；"occupy"意为占据；"own"多指拥有财产。22.【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。句意为“一个人可能拥有出色的分析技能，却因为无法合作而在职业生涯中失败”。"succeed"意为成功，"failtosucceed"构成逻辑对应。"prevail"虽有成功之意，但更强调战胜、流行；"triumph"强调胜利的喜悦；"conquer"强调征服。23.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。"accountfor"意为“解释，占比”，这里指情商在决定成功的因素中占很大比例。"amountto"意为总计达；"standfor"意为代表；"makefor"意为走向。24.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。"components"意为“组成部分，要素”，常用于描述理论或模型的构成部分。"elements"也可，但components更强调结构上的组成；"factors"因素；"ingredients"成分（多指物质）。结合语境，情商的五个组成部分，用components最佳。25.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配题。"impacton"意为“对……的影响”，此处指认识自己情绪对他人产生的影响。"affect"是动词，不能接on；"effect"作名词时常用搭配为haveaneffecton；"influence"也可作名词，但impacton更强调强烈的冲击或影响。26.【答案】C【解析】上下文逻辑题。自我调节是指控制冲动和情绪的能力。"impulsive"意为冲动的，"controlimpulsiveimpulses"（控制冲动）为最合理的搭配。"destructive"（破坏性的）、"constructive"（建设性的）、"rational"（理性的）均不符合需要被控制的语境。27.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。"referto"意为“指的是”，此处解释动机这一概念。与前文解释情商的句式结构相呼应。"relateto"意为与……有关；"pointto"意为指向；"directto"意为指向。28.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。"cultivate"意为“培养，营造”，常与environment,atmosphere搭配，意为营造积极的工作环境。"grow"（生长）、"plant"（种植）、"breed"（繁殖，饲养）均不适用于抽象的环境。29.【答案】A【解析】逻辑连接词题。句意为“高情商的领导者倾向于营造更积极的工作环境，这反过来又会导致更高的员工保留率和生产力”。"inturn"意为“反过来”，表示因果链条的下一环。"inreturn"作为回报；"invain"徒劳；"inessence"本质上。30.【答案】B【解析】逻辑连接词题。前文讲述了高情商的好处，后文提到发展情商并非易事，存在转折关系，因此选"However"。"Therefore"因此（表因果）；"Moreover"此外（表递进）；"Thus"因此。31.【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。"innerreflection"意为“内心反思”，是心理学固定表达。"introverted"内向的；"internal"内部的；"inward"向内的。inner最贴合心理学语境，指精神层面的内部。32.【答案】D【解析】上下文逻辑题。批评者认为情商难以准确量化，因此“测量”情商可能会过于主观。"measurement"（测量）最符合语境。"valuation"估价；"assessment"评估（虽然可以，但measurement与后文quantify对应更佳）；"judgment"判断。33.【答案】B【解析】逻辑连接词题。前文提到批评者的观点，后文提到为了解决这个问题开发了工具，存在转折让步关系。"Nevertheless"意为“然而，尽管如此”。"Consequently"因此；"Furthermore"此外；"Regardless"不管怎样。34.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。"tackleanissue"意为“解决问题”，是高级英语中的地道搭配。"handle"通常接具体事物或情况；"solve"接problem；"resolve"接冲突或问题。此处tackletheissue最佳。35.【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。"traits"意为“特质，特征”，"self-reportedtraits"指自我报告的特征。原文意为该测试评估实际能力，而非自我报告的特征。features（特征，多指外貌或物体）、characteristics（特点）、attributes（属性）不如traits常用于心理学性格描述。SectionIIIReadingComprehensionText136.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句："Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersworkers,grantingthemautonomyovertheirschedules..."（支持者认为零工经济赋予工人权力，让他们对自己的日程安排享有自主权）。选项C（对他们日程安排的自主权）完全对应。选项A、B、D均为批评者指出的零工经济缺乏的方面。37.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文："Thelackofemploymentbenefits...placesgigworkersinaprecariousfinancialposition."（缺乏就业福利……使零工处于财务状况precarious的境地）。由于缺乏健康保险、带薪休假等保障，这种财务状况必然是不稳定和危险的。选项B（危险和不确定的）最符合。选项A（安全稳定）、C（高利润）、D（资金充裕）均与逻辑相反。38.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句："...theclassificationoftheseworkersas'independentcontractors'oftenexemptscompaniesfromprovidingminimumwageguaranteesorcontributingtosocialsecurityschemes."以及第三段第一句："Thisregulatorygrayareahaspromptedlegalbattlesworldwide."诉讼的起因是工人被归类为独立承包商，使得公司免于提供福利和保障。选项B正确。39.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句："...lawmakersarepushingfora'thirdcategory'ofworker,onethatsitsbetweenafull-timeemployeeandanindependentcontractor,entitledtocertainbaselinebenefitswithoutsacrificingallflexibility."立法者提议设立第三类工人，即在不牺牲灵活性的前提下，享有某些基本福利的新类别。选项C（创建一个享有基本福利的新法律工人类别）最符合。40.【答案】C【解析】主旨大义题。文章第一段介绍了零工经济的兴起，第二段分析了其优缺点，第三段探讨了由此引发的法律挑战及立法应对。选项C（零工经济：伴随法律挑战的范式转变）全面概括了文章内容。选项A、B、D要么片面，要么偏离主题。Text241.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句："Somemarinebacteriaevenengageinquorumsensing...ensuringthatenergyisnotwastedonaninsignificantindividualglow."（海洋细菌进行群体感应，确保能量不会浪费在微不足道的个体发光上）。选项C（确保它们的发光有意义且不浪费能量）是对该句的准确转述。42.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句："Whenluciferinreactswithoxygen,catalyzedbyluciferase,lightisproduced."（当荧光素在荧光素酶的催化下与氧反应时，就会产生光）。由此可知，荧光素酶的作用是催化反应，选项B正确。43.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句："Thisreactionishighlyefficient,convertingnearlyallthechemicalenergyintolight,withalmostnoheatgenerated—aphenomenonknownas'coldlight.'"（这种反应效率极高，几乎将所有化学能转化为光，几乎不产生热量，这就是所谓的“冷光”）。选项C（因为它在能量转换过程中几乎不产生热量）是对原文的准确解释。44.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句："Thegenesencodingforluciferasehavebeenisolatedandinsertedintootherorganisms,servingas'reportergenes'tomonitorgeneexpressionortracktheprogressionofdiseaseslikecancer."（编码荧光素酶的基因被分离并插入其他生物体中，作为“报告基因”来监测基因表达或追踪癌症等疾病的进展）。选项C（作为监测基因表达和追踪疾病的工具）与之对应。45.【答案】D【解析】推断题。文章第二段提到生物发光在海洋中用于交流、捕食和防御等多种生态功能，说明其进化出了多种生态用途。选项D正确。选项A错误，因为第一段提到了陆地上的萤火虫；选项B错误，最后一段提到潜力才刚开始探索；选项C错误，第三段明确说该反应效率极高。Text346.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句："However,theirinherentintermittency—thefactthatthesundoesn'talwaysshineandthewinddoesn'talwaysblow—presentsasignificantchallengetogridstability."（然而，它们固有的间歇性——即太阳不会总是发光，风不会总是吹——对电网稳定性构成了重大挑战）。选项C（它们的能源生产不稳定）是对intermittency的准确解释。47.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句："Byreplacingtheliquidelectrolyte...solid-statebatteriesofferhigherenergydensity,fasterchargingtimes,andareducedriskoffire."（固态电池用固体电解质替代液体电解质，提供更高的能量密度、更快的充电时间，并降低了火灾风险）。选项B（它们具有更高的能量密度且更安全）完全对应。48.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句："...redoxflowbatteriesstoreenergyinliquidelectrolytesolutionscontainedinexternaltanks.Thecapacityofthesebatteriesisdeterminedsolelybythesizeofthetanks..."（液流电池将能量储存在外部储罐的液态电解质溶液中。这些电池的容量完全取决于储罐的大小）。选项C正确。49.【