Unit 3 Conservation（复习课件）-2022-2023学年高二英语单元复习练（北师大版2019选择性必修第一册）

北师大版2019选择性必修第一册Unit3Conservation知识点复习一遍过Unit3

Conservation

TopicTalk要点学习1.destroyvt.破坏,毁掉*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear.毫无内疚地谈论皮毛听上去很疯狂——除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏面积广袤的湿地。*Thefirecausedthedestructionoftwolandmarks.大火摧毁了两座地标建筑。*Criticismshouldnotbedestructive.批评不应该具有破坏性。【词块积累】(1)destruction

n.毁灭,毁坏;灭亡(2)destructive adj.有破坏性的,破坏性很大的【易混辨析】destroy1.常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”,程度较深2.用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等ruin1.指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”,但这种破坏不指毁灭某物,而是指长期损坏的结果2.用来表示抽象概念damage指程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复【要点演练】用destroy的恰当形式填空。(1)The__________causedbytheearthquakewasserious.(2)Thevillagewas_________completelybytheflood,leavingthousandshomeless.(3)Theproposalwas__________sothattheywereallagainstit.

destructiondestroyeddestructive【强化训练】选词填空destroy/ruin/damage(1)Theearthquake_________almosttheentirecity.(2)Heknockedoverabottleofinkand______thetablecloth.(3)Thecarwasonlyslightly________intheaccident.destroyedruineddamaged2.informativeadj.有教育意义的,知识性强的*Weallagreedthathisspeechwasinformative.我们都认为他的讲话很有教育意义。*Wereceivedtheinformationthatyouhadarrived.我们接到通知说你已经到了。*Hashebeeninformedofhismother’sillness?他母亲生病的消息告诉他了吗?

【词块积累】(1)information

n.消息,情报;知识,资料inform vt.通知,告诉(2)informsb.ofsth./that... 通知某人某事【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Wewereinformed____theplanewasdelayed.(2)I’dliketointroducesome__________(information)books.(3)Shehasn’tbeeninformed__herfather’sarrival.(4)Pleasekeepme________(information)ofthelatestdevelopment.

thatinformativeofinformed3.threatn.

威胁,(灾难等坏事)发生的可能*Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestthreattoourplanet?你认为对我们星球最大的威胁是什么?*Thefarmerthreatenedtobeattheboyifhecameintothefield.那个农民威胁男孩说,如果走进地里,就打他。*Hereceivedathreateningletter,whichmadehimnervous.他收到了一封恐吓信,这让他很紧张。【词块积累】(1)underthreatof...在……的威胁下(2)threaten vt.威胁,恐吓threatentodosth. 威胁说要做某事(3)threatening adj.威胁的,恐吓的threatened adj.感到受到威胁的【要点演练】语境填词。(1)Walkingaloneinthedarkness,thelittlegirlfelt__________bythe__________surroundings.Besides,eventheinsectswerebig______toher.(threat)(2)Thetwocountriesarenot_______toeachother.Neithersideshalluseor__________________againsttheother.

两国互不为威胁,互不使用武力或以武力相威胁。threatenedthreateningthreatsathreatthreatentouseforce4.switchvt.&

vi.

转换;改变*(2020·天津高考)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.他抽出一个特别的装置,对准嫌疑犯,打开开关。*Heswitchedthelightsfromgreentoyellow.他把灯从绿色调成了黄色。*Wherearetheswitchesinthisroomonthismachine?这个房间里的这个机器的开关在哪里?【词块积累】switch

n.

电门,开关;改变,转换switchfrom...to... 从……到……转换switchoff 关上;切断switchon 打开switchto 转而(讨论),转换(话题)【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Firstyoushouldswitchthemachine___andthenstarttowork.(2)Hedecidedtoswitch__avegetariandiet.(3)Remembertoswitch___thelightsbeforegoingout.(4)Heisalwaysswitching_____onejob__another.ontoofffromto5.illegallyadv.

非法地,违法地*Thevillagersinthisareahuntwildanimalsillegally.这个地区的村民非法猎取野生动物。*It’sillegaltoparkyourcarhere.把车停在这里是违法的。*TheywillactasmylegaladvisersifIneed.如果我需要的话,他们会做我的法律顾问。【词块积累】illegal

adj.非法的,违法的legal adj.合法的【要点演练】(1)Theathletesaid____________________________.

那位运动员说他从没有服用过违禁药物。(2)_____________isstrictlyforbidden.

非法捕猎是严格禁止的。(3)___________________________

他们非法掩埋垃圾。hehadnevertakenillegaldrugsIllegalhuntingTheyburiedthewasteillegally.6.huntvt.&vi.猎取,猎杀*(2020·浙江高考)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild.数千年以来,他们越来越少地依赖从野外猎取或收集的东西。*Thehuntwasexpectedtobeginatsunrise.打猎预计从日出开始。*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.猎人们一年收获300000多条海狸鼠尾巴,所以这些天来莫顿工作的一部分就是竭力促销海狸鼠皮。【词块积累】(1)hunt

v.打猎,狩猎;寻找huntfor 寻找huntout 找出来huntthrough 涉猎,找遍,翻找(2)hunter n.猎人【要点演练】语法填空。(1)I’vefoundthebookIwashunting___.(2)Hehunted_______thehousebutdidn’tfindhisphone.(3)The_____(hunt)forthemissingchildbeganimmediatelytheygotthenews.(4)Heissaidtobethebest______(hunt)inhisvillage.

forthroughhunthunter7.urgentadj.紧急的,急迫的*Itisespeciallyimportanttokeepcalminurgentsituations.在紧急情况下保持镇静尤其重要。*Thisisaproblemofgreaturgency.这是一个很紧急的问题。*Heurgedmetocompletethetaskaheadoftime.他敦促我提前完成任务。【词块积累】(1)urgency

n.紧急,迫切(2)urge vt.敦促,驱使

urgesb.todosth. 敦促某人做某事urgefor 要求做出【要点演练】语法填空。(1)Thereisan______(urge)messageforthedoctor.(2)Theyurgedthatthelibrary______________(keep)openduringthevacation.

(3)Motherurgedme_____(tell)youeverythingaboutthematter.

(4)Ahouseonfireisamatterofgreat_______(urge).

urgent(should)bekepttotellurgency【补充要点】1.extinctadj.灭绝的,绝种的*HerbalismhadbecomeanallbutextinctskillintheWesternworld.草药学在西方已经成了一门即将消失的技能。*Thechildrenobservedthebonesofextinctanimalsexcitedly.孩子们兴奋地观察灭绝动物的骨骼。*Theyhavedriventherhinototheedgeofextinction.他们已经令犀牛濒临灭绝。*Ittookabout50minutestoextinguishthefire.扑灭这场火用了大约50分钟。【词块积累】extinction

n.熄灭;消灭;灭绝;废除extinguish vt.熄灭;扑灭;结束【要点演练】用extinct的恰当形式填空。(1)Manyspecieshavebeenshottothevergeof_________.(2)Zoosareworkingtogethertostopanimalsfromgoing______.(3)Smokingisforbidden.Please_________yourcigarettes.extinctionextinctextinguish2.incrediblyadv.非常地,极端地*Ten-year-oldsareincrediblyenergetic.10岁的孩子精力格外旺盛。*Heknewthesecret,whichisincredible.他竟然知道这个秘密,真令人难以置信。【词块积累】incredible

adj.难以置信的;惊人的;令人惊讶的【要点演练】用incredibly的恰当形式填空。(1)Hisstoryofrescuingsixdrowningmenwas_________.(2)Toprotectherson,motherfoughtagainstthedogwith_________bravery.(3)Realizingmymistake,Ifelt_________embarrassed.incredibleincredibleincrediblyUnit3

Conservation

Lesson1要点学习1.dieout消失;绝迹,灭绝*HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?到今天为止,地球上的生物有多少次几乎灭绝?*Thewinddiedawayintheevening.风在傍晚时停了下来。*Hewaiteduntiltheexcitementdieddown.他一直等着,直到兴奋的感觉平息下来。*Itwasclearhewasdyingtohavehisportraitpainted.很显然他迫切地想让人为他画一幅肖像画。【词块积累】dieaway 消逝,平息,静下来diedown 平息,逐渐消失,熄灭diefor/todosth. 迫切想要某物/做某事diefrom 由于……而死dieof 由于……而死【要点演练】语法填空。(1)Theapplausedied__________andtheactorswereabletocontinue.(2)I’mdying___acupofcoffee.(3)Shewasdying_______(know)wherewehadbeen.

(4)Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydying___.(5)Hisfatherdied__starvationduringthewar.

away/downfortoknowoutof2.speciesn.物种,种*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies.那里的生态系统无法处理这种非本土的物种。*Newspecieswerecontinuallyevolving.新物种在不断进化。*Wheatisaspeciesofgrass.小麦是草本植物。【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Nearlyonethirdofthespecies_________(die)outinthepastdecadeinthisarea.

(2)Thisnewspecies__(be)strangetothelocalpeople.(3)There_____(be)manydeeronthehill,whichmadethetouristsexcited.(4)There__(be)onlyonecrossroadsonhiswaytoschool.

havediediswereis3.wipeout彻底毁灭*Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.在地球历史上,所有的物种都彻底灭绝的情况并不罕见。*Theteacherwipedoutwhatshehadwrittenontheblackboard.老师把她写在黑板上的东西擦掉了。*Haveyouwipedoutthebathafterusingit?浴缸用完后擦干净了吗?*Youmusttrytowipeoutthememoryoftheseterribleevents.你必须尽力把这些可怕的事件的记忆消除掉。【词块积累】wipeaway 擦掉,清除掉wipeoff 擦掉,刷掉,把……擦干净wipeout 擦掉,把……擦干净,把……消除掉,消灭,摧毁,杀死wipeover (随便地)擦一遍wipeup 擦干(杯,盘等)【要点演练】说出下列句子中wipeout的含义。(1)Theearthquakewipedoutthetown. (_________)(2)Thelittlewipedoutwhatshehaddrawnonthebeach. (_____)(3)Doctorsaresearchingforacurethatwipeoutcancer. (_____)(4)Makesuretheinsideofthecoffeepotisthoroughlywipedout. (_______)彻底摧毁擦掉消灭擦干净【强化训练】用恰当的介、副词填空(1)Therewasn’ttimetocleanthewindowthoroughly,soJanejustwipedit____withadampcloth.(2)Don’tforgettowipe_______thesinkwhenyouhavefinishedthedishes.

(3)Wipethedirt___yourshoes.(4)Hewipedthesweat_____fromhisbrowwiththebackofhishands.

overout/offoffaway4.massadj.大量的n.大量;块;众多adj.大规模的;群众的vt.聚集,使成一团*HowmanymassextinctionshavetherebeenintheEarth’shistory?在地球历史上有多少次大规模的灭绝?*Afterharvestwewillhaveamassofrice.秋收后,我们将获得大量稻谷。*Crowdsmassedalongtheroadwherethekingwouldpass.群众聚集在国王要经过的街道旁。【词块积累】amassof/massesof 大量,大批【要点演练】说出下列句子中mass的词性及含义。(1)Thereweremassesofdarkcloudsinthesky. (_____)(2)Themassmeetingwasatotalfailure. (__________)(3)Theenemyweremassingtheirforcesforanattack. (_______)(4)Ihaveamassofthingstoseetothismorning. (_______)n.块adj.群众的vt.聚集n.大量5.variedadj.各种各样的,形形色色的*Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried.物种灭绝的原因五花八门。*(2020·天津高考)Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu.餐馆里除了菜单上各种各样的饭菜可供选择之外,顾客还可以选择音乐。*Uponenteringthefarm,wewereattractedbyitscleannessandrichvarietiesoffruit.一走进农场,我们就被它干净的环境和种类繁多的水果吸引了。*Pricesvaryaccordingtothequantityordered.价格随订购数量不同而有所变化。【词块积累】(1)vary

vt.&vi.有差异,变化varybetween...and... 由……到……情况不等varyfrom 不同于varyfrom...to... 由……到……情况不等(2)variety n.品种,变化avarietyof 各种各样的,多种多样的(3)various adj.不同的,各种各样的variously adv.不同地【易混辨析】varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类,在表示“各种各样,各不相同的”意思时,一般可以换用,但是前者侧重于“不同”的含义,后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”。various作定语时,其后只能接复数名词;而varied还有“形形色色的,多变化的”的意思,这时它既可接单数名词亦可接复数名词。【要点演练】用vary的适当形式填空。(1)Oceancolour______fromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.(2)Beingthetargetofrudebehaviorreducespeople’sperformanceona______oftasks.(3)Openingandorganizingmicroblogsneed_____________abilitiessuchaswriting,designing,beingskillfulatcomputerandsoon.(4)TheworkofaJusticeofthePeaceisveryinterestingand______.

variesvarietyvarious/variedvaried6.decreasevi.&vt.减少n.减少;减少的量*Accordingtoscientists,theyincludevolcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentoftheseaandglobalwarming.在科学家们看来,它们(原因)包括火山喷发,太空中的小行星撞击地球,海平面的变化,海洋含氧量的减少和全球变暖。*Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsdecreasedlastyear.去年交通事故的数量下降了。*Thefactorydecidedtodecreasethecostofproduction.工厂决定降低生产成本。【词块积累】onthedecrease 在减少decreaseinsth. 在……(方面)减少,降低【要点演练】(1)语法填空。①Duetotheinfectiousdisease,oursaleshavebeen__________(decrease)inthepastthreemonths.②Thedemandforteais___thedecrease.③Therehasbeenadecrease__imports.(2)Itissaidthatthestudentnumbers____________________.

据说学生人数减少了500名。decreasingoninhavedecreasedby5007.blamevt.责怪,指责*Thistime,humanactivitywillbetoblame.这一次,主要责任将在于人类活动。*Ourtasknowisnottoblamethepast,buttoplanforthefuture.我们现在的任务不是埋怨过去,而是规划未来。*Ifyourchildrendon’tbehaveasyoutellthem,don’tputalltheblameonthem.如果你的孩子不像你告诉他们的那样举止得体,不要完全归咎于他们。【词块积累】blamesb.forsth. 因某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb. 把某事归咎于某人betoblame 把……归咎于;应负责任,应受责备put/laytheblameonsb. 把责任归咎于某人【要点演练】(1)一句多译。他把他失败的责任归咎于父母。①_______________________________.

②________________________________.

③___________________________________________.

(2)Thewomanwhocycledwhilephoning____________(应负责任)fortheseriousaccident.

(3)Whentheboymadethesamemistake,histeacher___________(批评他)sharply.

HeblamedhisfailureonhisparentsHeblamedhisparentsforhisfailureHeput/laytheblameforhisfailureonhisparentswastoblameblamedhim8.affectvt.影响*(2020·江苏高考)Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.运动员和科学家们长久以来就知道,进餐时间会影响表现。*Oneofherlungswasaffectedalittlesoshehadtorest.她其中的一个肺受到了一些感染,所以不得不休息。*Hethankedherwithgenuineaffection.他真挚地感谢了她。【词块积累】affection

n.真挚的感情,喜爱;影响;感染【要点演练】用affect的恰当形式填空。(1)_________byhisfather,theyoungmaniskeenonmusic.(2)Shehadagreat________forthetownwhereshegrewup.(3)Itisobviousthatwhatshesaidgreatly_______hisattitude.

Affectedaffectionaffected9.beatrisk处境危险,受到威胁*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.由于年轻人离开家后无力支付生活费用而老年人又有身处孤独的威胁,越来越多的家庭选择共同生活。*Aswehumansdependonsomanyspeciesforoursurvival,wewouldalsobeatriskofdyingout.由于我们人类要依靠那么多的物种才能生存,我们也会处于灭绝的危险之中。*We’lltaketheriskofbeinglateunlessyouhurryup.除非你抓紧,否则我们就要迟到了。*Youarerunningabigriskintrustinghim.你信任他是一件很冒险的事。【词块积累】attheriskof 冒……的危险runarisk/risks 冒危险runtheriskof 冒……的危险takerisks/arisk 冒危险taketheriskof/that 冒……的危险【要点演练】(1)Thediseaseisspreading,andallchildrenunderfiveare______(处于危险之中).

(2)Abaseballplayerwearsamaskandchestprotectorsothathewon’t___________________________________(冒着被球击中的危险).

(3)We’ll____________________________________(冒着他不能帮助我们的危险)intime.

atriskrun/taketheriskofbeinghitbytheballtaketheriskthathecan’tcometohelpus10.Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe“GreatDying”,whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.这包括第三次大规模的灭绝,也就是众所周知的“大灭亡”,导致了90%到96%的所有物种的灭绝。

【句式解构】knownasthe“GreatDying”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰extinction,与extinction存在逻辑上的动宾关系;which引导一个非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。*(2020·新高考全国I卷)Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.由研究人员雇佣的一位演员首先抓起了她的食物。*(2020·新高考全国I卷)Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.但是在一半的情况下她穿着一件特制的使她的体重增加到180磅的肥胖的衣服。*Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions,it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.和已知研究的结论“你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭”相反,你真正需要避免接触的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人。【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Idon’tknowaman______(name)Jason.(2)Thedoctoradvisedhertochangeher______(eat)habittokeephealthy.(3)Theboy_______(read)intheclassroomismybestfriend.(4)Thepainting______(draw)bymyunclewonthefirstprize.

namedeatingreadingdrawn11.Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.尽管物种自然灭绝并不罕见,但是现在物种灭绝的速度引起人们担忧。【句式解构】Although引导一个让步状语从句,在从句中,it用作形式主语,不定式todieoutnaturally为真正主语;atwhich是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词rate。*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.以每小时6英里的速度行走的竞走者,每小时会消耗约800卡路里,消耗的热量大约是步行的两倍,但是比跑步要少,跑步每小时大概可以消耗1000卡路里,甚至更多。*Althoughfrightened,ElliandItooksomepicturesofthemadbear.尽管害怕,爱丽和我还是拍摄了一些那头发疯的熊的照片。*Thoughtoldmanytimes,theboymadethesamemistake.尽管被告知多次了,那个男孩还是犯了相同的错误。【要点演练】(1)_________________________,theywentonplayingfootball.

尽管雨下得很大,他们还是继续踢足球。(2)Heisunhappy,___________________________.

尽管他很有钱,但是他并不幸福。Althoughitwasraininghardalthoughhehasalotofmoney语法化学习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(Definingrelativeclauseandnon-definingrelativeclause)【情境探究】Dialogue1:

Dialogue2:

观察上面对话,并完成句子。(1)Doyouknowtheboy________istalkingwiththeteacheroncampus?你认识那个正在校园里跟老师谈话的男孩吗?(2)Thisisthequestion__________confusedus.这就是使我们困惑不解的问题。(3)Sheboughtthesamecoat__Ididlastweek.她买了一件跟我上星期买的相同的外套。who/thatthat/whichas【要义详析】一、定语从句的概念1.定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。关系词指代先行词,并在句子中起连接作用,连接主句和从句,同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等)关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为:(1)关系代词:在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)。(2)关系副词:在从句中作状语(when/where/why)。二、关系代词的用法1.who/whom先行词是人,关系代词who在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whom只能作宾语可省略。口语中who可以代替whom,也可以省略,但作介词宾语时,只能用whom。*Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy.这就是救了这个男孩的医生。*SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.她就是我想介绍给你的新学生。2.which先行词是物,关系代词which在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。which充当宾语时,可以省略。which作介词宾语,不可省略。*Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。*ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。3.that先行词是人或物,关系代词that在从句中作主、宾、表的成分。that作宾语时可以省略。*ThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.正在弹钢琴的那位女士是张小姐。*I’dliketoseethefilmsthatarejustonshow.我想看那些刚上映的电影。4.whose先行词是人或物,关系代词whose在从句中作定语。whose在从句中作定语指某人时,可以用...ofwhom/the+名词+ofwhom代替whose;指物时可以用...ofwhich/the+名词ofwhich代替whose。*Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.=Thebike,thebrakeofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。5.as先行词是人或物,关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语的成分。as一般不可以省略。*ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。*Hegetsupearly,asisalwayshishabit.他起床很早,这一直是他的习惯。【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Thisishisfather____worksinBeijing.(2)Thatisthebook____Iwanttoread.(3)Ihavethesamebook__hehas.(4)Doyouknowthatscientist______achievementsarewell-known?

whothataswhose三、关系副词的用法1.when先行词是时间,关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。when=on/in/at/during等介词+which。*We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。2.where先行词是地点,关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。where=in/at/on/under等介词+which。*Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.这就是他度过夜晚的那房子。【名师点津】where引导定语从句时,其先行词除了是表示地点的名词外,还可以是以下名词:point,position,situation,stage,state,case,scene,system,activity。*Hesaidifweevergottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。3.why先行词是原因,关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。why=forwhich。*Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.我知道她学习好的原因。【要点演练】

语法填空。(1)Thetime_____IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.(2)Theschool______Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.(3)Thereason____hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tbelievable.(4)Wewillneverforgettheyear_____the29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.(5)Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetoseparate.

whenwherewhywhenwhere四、定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句从句必不可少,否则先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整,与先行词之间不用逗号。2.非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系对先行词起修饰限制作用对先行词起补充说明作用标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词指人who(that)whom;指物which(that);人和物whose;关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略指人who(作主语)whom(作宾语);指物which;人和物whose;关系代词一般不可省略修饰从句只修饰名词或代词可以修饰名词或代词也可修饰整个句子【要点演练】语法填空。(1)Hehastwosons,____workinthecompany.(2)Theman____iswalkingintheplaygroundismyoldfriend.(3)Thereisnosimpleanswer,__isoftenthecaseinscience.(4)Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,______madehisteacherangry.(5)Doyouknowthereason____hewasabsent?

whowhoaswhichwhyUnit3

ConservationLesson2&Lesson3要点学习1.consumern.消费者*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournal

of

Consumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.根据消费者研究杂志的一项最新研究发现,就餐同伴的体形和就餐习惯会影响我们的食物摄入量。*Supermarketswanttheirconsumerstobuythefreshestproducts.超市想让它们的消费者买到最新鲜的产品。*EachyearAmericansconsumeahighpercentageoftheworld’senergy.每年美国人都消耗掉世界能源的很大比例。*Theseedswerenotmeantforhumanconsumption.这些种子不适合人类食用。【词块积累】consume

vt.消费,消耗consumption n.消费,消耗;消费量【要点演练】用consume的恰当形式填空。(1)HesaidthatChinesepeople_________thelargestamountofriceintheworld.(2)Energy____________andpollutionhaveincreasedrapidlyinthepastdecade.(3)Weneedmorefeedbackfromthe__________inordertoimproveourgoods.

consumedconsumptionconsumers2.wastefuladj.浪费的,挥霍的*Thiskindoftrainingiswastefulofscarceresources.这种训练是在浪费稀有资源。*There’snousewastingtimeindiscussinghowithappened.浪费时间讨论事情是怎么发生的是没用的。*Playingcomputergamesisawasteoftime.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。【词块积累】waste

vt.浪费

n.浪费;废物,废弃的东西

adj.废弃的,荒芜的【要点演练】写出下列句子中waste的词性及含义。(1)Hethoughtthecontractwaswastepaperandthrewitaway.(

)(2)Thiswasteofgoodfoodshouldnotbeallowed.(

)(3)Wheredoyouputyourkitchenwaste?(

)(4)Itwasnogoodwastingstrengthshouting.(

)adj.废弃的n.浪费n.废弃物vt.浪费3.realisticadj.现实的,实际的*Theytriedtomaketheplanmorerealistic.他们努力地把计划制订得更切合实际。*Hedidn’trealizehismistakeatall.他根本没意识到自己的错误。*Realistically,there’slittlehopeforyoutobeatherinthespeechcontest.实事求是地讲,你在演讲比赛中战胜她的希望不大。*Therealityisthatthere’snotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.实际情况是没有足够的钱花在这个项目上。【词块积累】(1)realize

vt.意识到;实现(2)realistically adv.实际地,如实地(3)reality n.现实,实际情况inreality 实际上,事实上【要点演练】用realize的恰当形式填空。(1)Wehavetobe_______aboutourchancesofwinning.(2)Howmanycarscanyou__________hopetosell?(3)Sherefusedtofacethe______.(4)I_______thatyouwereunhappyyesterday.

realisticrealisticallyrealityrealized4.awareadj.意识到的,明白的*ItwasMrLinwhomademeawareoftheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell.林老师使我意识到了学好英语的重要性。*Everyonewasawarethattheywereinconflict.每个人都意识到了他们之间有矛盾。*Thisgaveherastrongawarenessofthedangersthattheynowface.这使她强烈地意识到他们目前所面临的危险。【词块积累】(1)beawareof/that... 意识到(2)awareness n.意识,觉悟【要点演练】一句多译。(1)他们最终意识到他是诚实的。①_____________________________________.

②_________________________________________.

(2)意识到实验失败了使她不开心。①_________________________________________________________.

②_____________________________________________________________.

Eventually,theywereawareofhishonestyEventually,theywereawarethathewashonestTheawarenessofherfailureintheexperimentmadeherunhappyThatshewasawareofherfailureintheexperimentmadeherunhappy5.collectionn.收集,收藏品,专辑*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Discover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.发现、探索并欣赏获奖的TullieHouse,在这里历史藏品、当代艺术和家庭快乐在一个令人印象深刻的博物馆和艺术馆融合在一起。*Thecollectionofthesestampstooktenyears.收集这些邮票花费了十年时间。*Plantingmoretreeswasacollectivedecisionofthelocalpeople.种植更多的树是当地人共同的决定。*Theirworkwastocollectinformation.他们的工作就是收集资料。【词块积累】(1)collect

vt.收集,集合,筹集(2)collector n.收集者(3)collective adj.集体的【要点演练】用collect的恰当形式填空。(1)Heissaidtobeastamp________.(2)______thebooksandputtheminapileonmydesk.(3)Therewerethirtypoemsinthe_________.(4)Iftheteammakesastrong________effort,wewillwinthegame.

collectorCollectcollectioncollective6.anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的*Hewassoanxiousastooverlookthetrafficsignals.他非常焦急,竟然没注意交通信号。*Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabout/forhisjobinterview.杰克仍会情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。*Beingaddictedtocomputergamesmaycauseseriousanxiety.沉溺于电脑游戏可能会导致严重的焦虑。*Shewaswaitingforthebustocomeanxiously.她焦急地等着公共汽车到来。【词块积累】(1)beanxiousforsth. 渴望得到beanxious(forsb.)todosth. 急于(让某人)做某事beanxiousthat+(should+)动词原形急于/渴望beanxiousabout/for 为……焦虑/担心(2)anxiously adv.焦急地(3)anxiety n.焦急,忧虑;令人着急的事【易混辨析】表示“急于/渴望做某事”时,anxious与eager含义接近。但eager更多表示热切的情绪,而anxious更多表示焦急的情绪。【要点演练】语法填空。(1)Iwasanxiousforeverything___________(settle).

(2)Hewasveryanxiousthatthemeetingonthefollowingday__________(be)asuccess.

(3)Shewasanxious_____herdaughterbeingoutsolate.(4)Wewereanxious________(hurry)ourwork.

tobesettled(should)beabouttohurry(5)用anxious的恰当形式填空。①There’stensionand_______fromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.②Waitingfortheresultsofcollegeadmissionisan_______timeformoststudents.③Thegirlwhisperedtohermother_________,waitingforherturntodrawalottery.

anxietyanxiousanxiously7.annoyedadj.烦恼的,生气的*Beingstuckintrafficjamsmadeherannoyed.遇到交通阻塞让她感到很不悦。*Shewasannoyedatbeingdisturbedinthemiddleofthenight.半夜被打扰让她很恼火。*Haveyoueverbeenannoyedwithyourselfwhenyouforgetsomethingimportant?你曾因忘记重要的事情而对自己非常生气吗?*Theannoyingnoiseoutsidedisturbedhim.外面恼人的噪音干扰了他。*Theteacherfrownedwithannoyancewhenastudentfellasleepduringhisclass.当一个学生在课堂上睡着了的时候,老师恼怒地皱起了眉头。*Ifyouannoythecat,itwillscratchyou.如果你惹恼了猫,它就会抓你。【词块积累】(1)annoy

v.使(某人)不悦;