河南信阳市2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（含答案）

河南信阳市2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解GoldenGateHistoricLandscapingandMaintenanceGoldenGateParkConservancyComejointhefunandhelppreservethepark!MaintenancevolunteershelpprotectandbeautifythehistoriclandscapesandculturalresourcesthroughoutNationalParkServicemanagedlandsinSanFranciscocounty.Projectsincludetrailmaintenance,vegetationremoval,nativeplanting,beachclean-up,sandremoval,andgraffitiremoval.Registrationrequired.WhenThursdaysfrom10a.m.-1p.m.WhereRotating(轮换)sites:1stThursday:CrissyField,WestBluff2ndThursday:LandsEnd3rdThursday:CrissyField,EastBeach4thThursday:BakerBeach5thThursdays(whenapplicable):OceanBeachGroupsGroupsoffiveormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.PleasereviewtheListofAvailableProjectsandfillouttheGroupProjectRequestForm.Age,Skills,WhattoBringVolunteersaged10anduparewelcome.Youthunderage15mustfollowYouthPolicyGuidelines.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersunder18musthaveparent/guardianapproval.We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Longpantsandclosed-toeshoesarerequired.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandraingearifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottleandsunscreen.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfillscommunityservicerequirements.TheGoldenGateNationalParksVolunteerProgramisacooperativeeffortoftheGoldenGateNationalParksConservancy,theNationalParkService,andthePresidioTrust.1．WherewillvolunteersworkonthesecondThursdayofthemonth?A．LandsEnd B．BakerBeach C．OceanBeach D．CrissyField,WestBluff2．Whatisrequiredforagroupofsixvolunteers?A．Theymustbringtheirowntools.B．TheyshouldarriveatCrissyField,EastBeach.C．Theyneedtoregisteronthedayoftheevent.D．Theymustmakespecialarrangementsinadvance.3．Whatisanecessaryrequirementforallvolunteers?A．Atleast15yearsold.B．Previousvolunteerexperience.C．Longpantsandclosed-toeshoes.D．Asignedparent/guardianapprovalform.InMay2001,Ihadsurgerytocorrectthelengthofmylegs—myleftlegwasaninchshorterthanmyright.Duringsurgery,doctorsputoneleginamedieval-lookingdevice:aframethatwentstraightthroughthebone.Ihadtowearthebrace(支架)foraroundthreemonthsuntilbothlegswerethesamelength.Thedevicewasheavy,andextremelypainful.Ispentmysummerbetweencollegejuniorandsenioryearsrecovering.Thoughthedaysweredullandlonely,Iheldon,believingallthehardshipwouldpayoffsoon.BylateJuly,myparentsandIwenttothedoctorhopefully,onlytoheadhomeintears—theheavymetalbracestillhadtostayon.WhenAugustcameforthenewterm,mymomdrove18hoursfromWisconsintotakemetoAmericanUniversityinWashington,D．C．Thewholetripwasagonizing,andIcriednonstopfromthepain,yetIwasdeterminedtoreturntoschool.Thefirsttwoweeksatschoolwereexhausting.MypainkillersmademesosleepythatIcouldbarelystayawakeduringtheday,letalonegooutwithmyfriendsintheevening.Thebracemademyschoollifedifficultandnearlyruinedmysociallife.OnelonelyFridaynight,mysororitylittlesisterRachelandallherfellownewmembersdroppedby.Theybroughtdrinks,snacks,flowersandballoons.Eachgirlgavemeahandwrittennoteoraget-wellcardandawarmhug,whisperingthattheywereproudofmydeterminationandstrength.Icouldonlystayawakeforabouthalfanhouruntilmymedicinetookeffect.Butinthatshorttime,theyremindedmehowluckyIwastohavesuchfriendlyfriends.Whatthosegirlsdidformewasassimpleassharingaglassoflemonadeandafewcookies,buttheygavemethehappinessandencouragementIneededmost.Iwillalwaysbethankfultothemforhelpingmethroughoneofthedarkestperiodsofmylife.4．WhydidtheauthorhaveanoperationinMay2001?A．TomakehertwolegsequalinlengthB．Torecoverfromalong-timeleginjury.C．Toremoveapainfulmetalbraceonherleg.D．Totreataseriousbonediseaseinherleftleg.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“agonizing”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Painful. B．Boring. C．Comfortable. D．Relaxing.6．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorafterreturningtouniversity?A．Shehungoutwithfriendseverynight.B．Shedrovetocollegealonefor18hours.C．Shedroppedclassesduetosleepypainkillers.D．Trippaintroubledherthefirsttwoweeksatschool.7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theauthorfinallygaveupwearingthemetalbraceatschool.B．ThedoctorpromisedtoremovethebraceinlateJulyasplanned.C．Rachelandherfriends’kindnessliftedtheauthor’sspiritsgreatly.D．Theauthor’sclassmatesalwayslookeddownonherbecauseofthebrace.ScientistsfromAustraliaandNewZealandhavediscoveredancientanimalremainsinsideacavenearWaitomoonAotearoa’sNorthIsland.Thesitecontainsalargecollectionoffossilsdatingbackabout1millionyears,includingapreviouslyunknownancestorofthekākāpō,alargeflightlessparrot.Thediscoveryincludesfossilsfrom12birdspeciesandfourfrogspecies,offeringarareinsightintoNewZealand’secosystemsduringthatperiod.ThefindingsshowthatNewZealand’swildlifewasheavilyshapedbydramaticclimateshiftsandpowerfulvolcaniceruptions,leadingtorepeatedwavesofextinctionandtheappearanceofnewspecieslongbeforehumansarrived,accordingtoresearchpublishedinAlcheringa:AnAustralasianJournalofPalaeontology.Leadauthor,FlindersUniversityAssociateProfessorTrevorWorthy,saystheresearchrevealsapreviouslyunknownchapterofthecountry’sbiodiversity:ancientforestsoncehosteddiversebirdsthatdidnotsurvivethenextmillionyears.Theteamestimatesthatroughly33-50%ofspeciesdisappearedinthemillionyearsbeforehumansarrived.Co-authorandCanterburyMuseumSeniorCuratorofNaturalHistoryDr.PaulScofieldexplainsthatrapidenvironmentalchanges,includingseverevolcaniceruptions,drovetheseextinctions.Amongtheremarkablediscoveriesisanewlyidentifiedparrotspecies,Strigopsinsulaborealis(北方岛鸮鹦鹉),anancientrelativeofthemodernkākāpō.Unliketoday’sheavy,flightlesskākāpō,thisearlierspeciesmayhavebeenabletofly,thoughfurtherstudyisneeded.Scientistswereabletodeterminethefossils’agebecausetheywerepreservedbetweentwovolcanicashlayers.Onelayerdatestoaneruptionabout1.55millionyearsago,whiletheothercomesfromamassiveeruptionaround1millionyearsago.AssociateProfessorWorthysaysthediscoveryfillsamajorgapinunderstandingNewZealand’spast.Whileextinctionswerelongviewedmainlyfromthepointofviewofhumanarrival750yearsago,thisstudyprovesthatnaturalforceslikesuper-volcanoesandclimateshiftsalreadysculptedthewildlifeoveramillionyearsago.8．WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinthecavenearWaitomo?A．Fossilsofmodernbirdspecies.B．Thefirstevidenceofvolcaniceruptions.C．Apreviouslyunknownancestorofthekākāpō.D．Remainsofhumansfromonemillionyearsago.9．AccordingtoDr.PaulScofield,whatcausedtheextinctionsbeforehumansarrived?A．Huntingbyearlyhumans. B．Dramaticecologicalshifts.C．Thearrivalofnewpredators. D．Competitionamonganimalspecies.10．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthenewlydiscoveredparrotspeciesStrigopsinsulaborealis?A．ItlivedonlyinAustralia.B．Itmighthavebeenabletofly.C．Itwasheavierthanthemodernkākāpō.D．Itbecameextinctafterhumansarrived.11．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thekākāpōistheoldestbirdspeciesintheworld.B．Volcaniceruptionsaretheonlyreasonforspeciesloss.C．HumanarrivalcausedmostextinctionsinNewZealand.D．NaturalforcesshapedNewZealand’swildlifelongbeforehumans.Acutting-edgeAImodelthatappearedtocopyhumanthinkingmayactuallyjustbememorizinganswers.Newtestsrevealitstruggleswithtrueunderstanding,exposingamajorgapintoday’sAIsystems.InJuly2025,aNaturestudyintroducedanAImodelcalled“Centaur.”Builtonstandardlargelanguagemodelsandrefinedusingpsychologicaldata,Centaurwasdesignedtosimulatehumancognitivebehavior.Itreportedlyperformedwellacross160tasks,includingdecision-makingandexecutivecontrol.TheresultsdrewwidespreadattentionasapossiblesteptowardAIthatcopieshumanthinking.AmorerecentstudyinNationalScienceOpenchallengesthoseclaims.ResearchersfromZhejiangUniversityargueCentaur’ssuccessmaycomefromoverfitting(过拟合).Insteadofunderstandingtasks,themodelmayhavelearnedtorecognizepatternsintrainingdataandreproduceexpectedanswers.Totestthis,theresearcherscreatednewevaluationsituations.Inoneexample,theyreplacedoriginalmultiple-choiceprompts(指令),whichdescribedspecificpsychologicaltasks,withtheinstruction“PleasechooseoptionA．”Ifthemodeltrulyunderstoodthetask,itshouldhaveconsistentlyselectedA．Instead,Centaurcontinuedchoosingtheoriginal“correctanswers”.Thisbehaviorsuggeststhemodelwasnotinterpretingquestionmeaning.Rather,itreliedonlearnedstatisticalpatternsto“guess”answers.Theresearcherscomparedthistoastudentwhoscoreswellbymemorizingtestformatswithoutunderstandingthematerial.Thefindingshighlightcautionwhenassessinglargelanguagemodels.Whilethesesystemsareeffectiveatfittingdata,their“black-box”naturemakesitdifficulttoknowhowtheyarriveatoutputs.Thiscanleadtoerrorsormisunderstandings.Careful,variedtestingisessentialtodeterminewhetheramodeltrulyhastheskillsitappearstodemonstrate.AlthoughCentaurwaspresentedascapableofsimulatingcognition,itsbiggestlimitationislanguagecomprehension.Specifically,itstrugglestorecognizemeaningbehindquestions.ThestudysuggestsachievingtruelanguageunderstandingmaybeoneofthemostimportantchallengesindevelopingAIsystemsthatcanmodelhumancognitionmorefully.12．WhatwasCentaurdesignedtodowhenfirstintroduced?A．Tosimulatehumancognitivebehavior. B．Toanalyzedatafrom160differenttasks.C．Toreplacestandardlargelanguagemodels. D．Toimprovepsychologicalresearchmethods.13．WhatdoesCentaur’sresponseto“PleasechooseoptionA”suggest?A．Ithadforgottenitsoriginaltraining.B．Itmemorized,butdidn’tunderstand.C．Itrefusedtofollownewinstructions.D．Itunderstoodtheinstructionbutignoredit.14．WhydoestheauthorcompareCentaurtoastudentmemorizingtestformats?A．Toproveoverfittingisagoodthing.B．ToshowmemorizationisusefulforAI.C．TosuggestCentaurisnotsmartenough.D．ToargueAIshouldbetrainedlikehumans.15．WhatcanbeinferredaboutAIsystemsthatmodelhumancognition?A．Researchershavegivenuponlanguagetasks.B．Datafittingismoreimportantthanunderstanding.C．Languagecomprehensionremainsakeychallenge.D．TheyhavealreadysucceededwithmodelslikeCentaur.HowOftenShouldYouGetaMassage(推拿)?Massagescanhelpyourelax,easepain,andreducestress.However,professionalmassagescanbeexpensive.16That’swhymanypeoplechooseself-massagetoolstorelaxregularlyathome.Sohowoftenshouldyougetamassage?Itdependsonyourownneeds.17Butifyouhaveaseriousinjury,youshouldaskadoctorfirst.Forcommonbodyachesandhealth,gettingamassageevery1-4weeksisagoodchoice.Ifyouhavesuddenkneeorlegpain,youmayneed2-3treatmentsaweek.18Inthissituation,homemassagetoolsareveryuseful.Forneckpain,dailyorweeklymassagesworkbestinashorttime.Studiesshowthatseveral60-minutemassagesaweekaremoreeffectivethanonelongmassage.19Forexample,awearableneckmassagerwithdifferentmodesandstrengthisagreatpick.Ifyouhavebackpain,weeklyorevery-two-weekmassagesareoftensuggested.Somestudiesevensaydailydeep-tissuemassagehelps.Butremember:20Forstressandworry,evenoneortwomassagesamonthcanhelp.Youcanchangethefrequencybasedonhowyoufeel.Inshort,massagesevery1-4weeksaregoodadvice.Ifyoucan’tgotoaprofessionaloften,tryself-massagetools.Theyareconvenient,cheap,andeasytouseathome.A．Youcandomassagesathomeaswell.B．Neckpainusuallygoesawaywithoutanytreatment.C．Mostpeoplecan’tpayforthemasoftenastheywant.D．Themoremassagesyouget,thebetteryourhealthwillbe.E．Alwaysaskadoctorbeforeyoustartanymassagetreatment.F．Forlong-termpain,weeklyorevery-two-weektreatmentsarebetter.G．Ifyoucan’tvisitamassagetherapistoften,tryahomeneckmassager.二、完形填空Most10-year-oldsspendtheirfreetimeplayingvideogames,butErnestoGaelHernandezisbusy21hisown3Dprintingbusinessanddreamingofbuyinghismomahousesomeday.Whatbeganasafunwaytomakecustomkeychainsforclassmateshasquicklygrownintoa22smallbusinessfortheyoungentrepreneur.Now,withseveralprintersworkingatthesametimeandproductssoldinalocalstore,Ernestoisturningcreativityinto23whilemostkidsofhisagearestill24whatgametoplayafterschool.Insideasmallhomeworkshop,Ernestospendshisdaysdesigningandprintingcolorful25,includingkeychains,whistlesandsmallthingstohelppeoplewithworriesandstress.“Iwouldwakeupearlyand26somethingtoprintwhileI’matschoolorafterschool,”Ernestosaid.“Beforefootballpractice,Iwouldalsoprintsomething.”TheideacamemonthsagowhenErnestotoldhismomhewantedto27moneythrough3Dprinting.Insteadofbuyinghimamachine,she28himtoworkandsaveforithimself.Aftersaving$500，Ernestoboughthisfirstprinterand

29hissmallbusiness.Helearnedtocreatedesignsbywatchingonlineguidesandsoonfoundstrong30forhisproducts.Businessgrewfast.Ernestohasalreadymadeabout$1,500inprofit.Heeven31withalocalclothingstoretosellhisworks.Threeprintersnowworknon-stopto32orders.ForhismomSamantha,thebusinessismorethanawaytomakemoney.Itis33familytime.Shesaysbalancingschool,sportsandbusinessisstressful,butitteachesErnestolifelonglessons.Thoughyoung,Ernestohasawarm34.“IdothisbecauseIwantto35ahouseformymomandmewhenIgrowolder,”hesaid.21．A．building B．running C．checking D．finding22．A．common B．new C．thriving D．simple23．A．luck B．power C．success D．courage24．A．choosing B．guessing C．remembering D．watching25．A．gifts B．creations C．tools D．toys26．A．leave B．stop C．get D．set27．A．borrow B．save C．earn D．spend28．A．allowed B．encouraged C．ordered D．promised29．A．started B．closed C．shared D．finished30．A．support B．help C．need D．demand31．A．argued B．partnered C．fought D．played32．A．dealwith B．giveup C．takeoff D．lookfor33．A．free B．poor C．valuable D．boring34．A．habit B．dream C．hobby D．opinion35．A．move B．buy C．rent D．build三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AmidagentlespringraininLongquanCityineastChina’sZhejiangProvince,severalBangladeshipainterspaintthesky’sblue-greencolor,36lookslikethetypicalcolorofthecity’sfamousceladon(青瓷).MongMongSho,whocametoChinain2012andnowteachesatYunnanArtsUniversity,37(deep)lovesthebeautifulviews.Inspiredbythescenery,heplans38(create)newworkscenteredonthiscolor.ShoisamongagroupofBangladesh39(artist)visitingZhejiangProvince.Longquan,withmorethan1,000yearsofceladonhistory,was40importantstoponthetrip.ThetraditionalfiringtechniqueofLongquanceladonistheworld’sfirstandonly41(tradition)artaddedonUNESCO’sRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.42(date)backtotheSongDynasty(960-1279)andtheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),celadonchinafiredinlocalkilnswasshippedbywaterwayfromLongquan43Europe,SoutheastAsia,WestAsiaandAfrica,becomingarepresentativeproductoftheMaritimeSilkRoadtradenetwork.“Culturalexchangeshelpmorepeopleunderstandtheculturalheritagebehindasinglepieceofporcelain.Artspeaksauniversallanguagethatneedsnotranslation.Itbridgeslinguisticgapsandbringspeopleclosertogether,”Shosaid.“Overthepastdecade,I44(join)manyBangladesh-Chinaartexchangeevents.Ascloseneighbors,moreculturalexchangeswilldeepen45(we)mutualunderstanding.”四、书信写作46．假如你是学生会主席李华，你校即将举办一项主题为“SmallActs,BigChanges”的环保活动。请你用英文写一封倡议书。内容包括：1．活动意义；2．可行举措；3．发出倡议。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。SmallActs,BigChangesDearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentUnion五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Backinthemid-1980s,forusfourth-gradestudentsatDamascusPrimarySchool,onenamealonecouldfillourheartswithfear—thatwasMrs.Duvall,ourmathteacher.Shewasatallandstrictwomanwhowalkedwithheavystepsandalwayshadaseriousexpressiononherface.Hervoicewaslowandsharp.Whenevershespokeloudly,notjusttheclassroomwallsseemedtoshake,butallofussittingatourdesksfeltnervoustoo.Evenbeforemathclassstarted,herloudvoicecouldbeheardfardownthehallway.Ievenfeltpityforherhomeroomstudents,whohadtostayunderherstrictwatchfornearlythewholeday.Iusedtodowellinmathuntilwebegantolearnlongdivision.Withcontinuouspractice,Imanagedtoworkitout.Butthingsbecamemuchharderwhenwelearnedcalculationsaboutmoneyandtime.Icouldcountcoinsandtellthetimecorrectly.However,Iwascompletelyconfusedwhendoingadditionandsubtraction(减法)relatedtothem.Myclassmatesmasteredtheseproblemseasily,buttheyturnedintoahugechallengeforme.IttookmeseveralmonthsbeforeIfinallymadeprogressinthispart.Ourteacheraskedustotakeonlinemathtestsrepeatedlyinclass,andwehadtokeeptryinguntilwegotapassingscore.Againandagain,IwalkedtoMrs.Duvall’sdesknervouslyafterfailingthetest.Eachtime,shelookedupsetandencouragedmefirmly,“Youareabletodothis,Michael!Youknowthemethodswell.”Atonepoint,Ievenwantedtogiveupandaskedhertogivemeafailinggradedirectly.Deepinside,though,Iwaseagertoprovemyself.Irefusedtogiveupeasilyandchosetokeepworkinghard.Daybyday,Ipracticedmorecarefullyandtriedtofigureoutwheremyproblemslay.IheldontothebeliefthatIwouldsucceedoneday.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Finally,IshowedmypassingpapertoMrs.Duvall.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thisexperiencetaughtmethemeaningofpersistence._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________