第三部分　主题群九　主题语境35　自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护

主题群九灾害防范|主题语境35

自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护

主题对接教材

人教版必修第一册Unit4Naturaldisasters

外研版必修第三册Unit6Disasterandhope

译林版必修第三册Unit2Naturaldisasters

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意

1．metaln．金属

2．tsunamin．海啸

3．typhoonn．台风

4．volcanon．火山

5．brickn．砖；砖块

6．tornadon．龙卷风；旋风

7．lavan．熔岩；岩浆

8．unearthvt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到

9．crackn．裂纹；裂缝

vi.&vt.(使)破裂

10．orderlyadj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的

11．whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声

vt.吹口哨

n．哨子(声)；呼啸声

12．landsliden．(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡

13．sandstormn．沙尘暴

14．lightningn．闪电

15．thunderstormn．雷暴

16．hurricanen．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风

17．helicoptern．直升机

18．droughtn．长期缺乏，严重短缺；干旱，旱灾

Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形

1．trackn．轨道；足迹；痕迹

v．跟踪，追踪

2．forecastv．&n．预测，预报

3．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

4．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体

5．slidevi.&vt.(slid；slid)滑行；逐渐陷入

n．幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩

6．otherwiseadv.否则，不然；除此以外

7．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击

n．撞车；碰撞

8．hugvt.(hugged；hugged)拥抱，搂抱；抱紧

n．拥抱

9．floodn．洪水；大量

vi.淹没；大量涌入；使大受感动；充满

vt.使灌满水；淹没

10．tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍

n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲

11．staffn．全体职工；管理人员

vt.在……工作，任职于

12．trapvt.(trapped；trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套

n．险境；陷阱

13．exportn．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出

vt.出口，输出

14．disastern．灾难；灾害

15．fundn．资金；基金

v．为……提供资金

16．importn．进口产品，输入的产品；进口，输入

vt.进口，引进

17．reliefn．宽慰，轻松；减轻，缓解；救济(物资)

18．sheltern．庇护；住处；避难处

v．保护；掩蔽；躲避

19．supplyn．供应，供给；补给品

v．供应，供给

20．emergencyn．突发事件；紧急情况

Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变

1．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援→rescuern．救助者

2．announcementn．通告，公告→announcevt.通告，公告

3．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revivaln．振兴；复苏

4．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn．喷发

5．sharpadj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharplyadv.急剧地；

猛烈地→sharpenv．(使)变锋利

6．informvt.通知；了解，熟悉→informationn．信息→informedadj.有学问的；有见识的；

了解情况的→informativeadj.有教育意义的；知识性强的

7．delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表；接生；生→deliveryn．投递；交付

8．confirmvt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmationn．确认；证实；批准，许可

9．scarevt.&vi.惊吓，(使)害怕n．恐慌；惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的，吓人

的

10．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的→diev．死亡→dyingadj.垂死的；

临终的

11．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的→wiselyadv.明智地→unwiseadj.不明智的

12．electricityn．电；电能→electricadj.电的；用电的→electronicadj.电子的

13．unbearableadj.难耐的；难以处理的→bearableadj.可以忍受的；能应付的→bearvt.忍受

14．destructiveadj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroyv．破坏→destructionn．破

坏

15．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.使震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.

感到震惊的

16．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affectionn．喜爱；爱情

17．distancen．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distantadj.遥远的→distantlyadv.远离

地；疏远地

积累——构词法学一法会一类

前缀fore-：

前缀fore-通常表示“在前面”或“提前”的意思，它既可以用来描述位置上的前置，也可以用来

表示时间或顺序上的提前。该前缀源自英语副词“fore”，原意为“before”，即“在……之前”。

如forecast(预测，预报)等。其他表示“在……之前”的前缀还有前缀pre-，其变体为pro-，如

preview(预习)、prehistoric(史前的)、prologue(序言，开场白)、prospect(远景，预期)等。

(1)Theforeheadoftherescueworkerwasdrippingwithsweatwhilehewashelpingvictimsofthe

flood，aseverenaturaldisaster.n.额头

(2)Thismorning，thelocalresidentswereforewarnedofthecomingtornado，adangerousnatural

disaster.v.预警

(3)Theunusualweatherpatternsinrecentmonthshaveforeshadowedapotentialseveredrought，a

naturaldisasterthatcouldhavesevereimpactsonagriculture.vt.预示，是……的预兆

(4)Intheprefacetoherbook，thefloodsurvivortellsthestoryofhowshedecidedtohelpher

communityprepareforemergencies.n.前言

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．inshock震惊；吃惊

2．atlarge整个，全部

3．inruins严重受损；破败不堪

4．onhand现有(尤指帮助)

5．sweepaway消灭；彻底消除

6．safeandsound安然无恙地

7．occurto被想到，浮现在脑中

8．keepone’shead(在困境中)保持冷静

9．digout掘出；发现

10．toone’srelief让某人宽慰的是

11．intheopenair露天；在户外

12．makeupfor弥补，补偿

13．getbackuponone’sfeet重新振作起来

Ⅴ.悟经典句式

1．bedoing...when...正在做……这时……

Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenseawaterstartedfillingmyhome.

我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌进我家。

2．Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...某人突然想起……

Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletinthefire.

他突然想起他把他的钱包落在大火里了。

3．asif...好像……

At3：42a．m.，everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.凌晨3

点42分，一切开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。

4．现在分词短语作结果状语

Onaverage，thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear，causingabout80deathsand1,500

injuries.

平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1,500人受伤。

5．thosewho...

Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.

地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。

体验——析真题长句知高考难度

(2025·北京)ThroughoutourJunioryear，myclassmatesandIhavebeenworriedaboutwhat

collegeswillseewhentheylookatourwholelifestoryreducedtoasingle200-wordessay.

[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。主句主语为myclassmatesandI，谓语为havebeenworried

about；what引导宾语从句，且在从句中充当see的宾语；when引导时间状语从句。

[尝试翻译]在我们整个高三学年，我和同学们一直都在担心，当大学审视我们的被浓缩成

一篇200字短文的人生故事时，他们会看到什么。

Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共27分)

1．forecastv．&n．预测，预报

2．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

3．trackn．轨道；足迹；痕迹v．跟踪，追踪

4．crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞

5．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入；使大受感动；充满vt.使灌满水；淹没

6．staffn．全体职工；管理人员vt.在……工作，任职于

7．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱

8．sheltern．庇护；住处；避难处v．保护；掩蔽；躲避

9．supplyn．供应，供给；补给品v．供应，供给

10．fundn．资金；基金v．为……提供资金

11．announcementn．通告，公告→announcevt.通告，公告

12．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revivaln．振兴；复苏

13．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptionn．喷发

14．electricityn．电；电能→electricadj.电的；用电的→electronicadj.电子的

15．confirmvt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmationn．确认；证实；批准，许可

16．sharpadj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharplyadv.急剧地；猛

烈地→sharpenv．(使)变锋利

17．unbearableadj.难耐的；难以处理的→bearableadj.可以忍受的；能应付的→bearvt.忍受

Ⅱ.核心短语(每空2分，共20分)

1．onhand现有(尤指帮助)

2．getbackuponone’sfeet重新振作起来

3．occurto被想到，浮现在脑中

4．makeupfor弥补，补偿

5．atlarge整个，全部

6．toone’srelief让某人宽慰的是

7．intheopenair露天；在户外

8．keepone’shead(在困境中)保持冷静

9．inshock震惊；吃惊

10．safeandsound安然无恙地

Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共19分)

1．ThescarysceneinthefilmscaredmesomuchthatIdidn’tdaretostayathomealone.(scare)

2．Hewasshockedattheshockingnews，forIcouldseetheshockedlookonhisface.(shock)

3．Thedeadlydiseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatleast30deathsuptonow.(dead)

4．Thestormwasverydestructiveandcausedgreatdestructiontocropsandanimalsof

farmers.(destroy)

5．Theleaderiseagerformoreinformationabouttheflood，sowemustkeephiminformedof

what’shappeninginthedisasterarea.(inform)

6．Inreality，heisamanofmuchwisdomandinawayheisquitelikehisfatherwhoalwaysuses

timewisely.(wise)

7．Duringthedisaster，therescuerscametomanypeople’srescue，nevergivingupanyhopeof

rescuingvictimsfromdanger.(rescue)

8．MyparentsliveinadistantcitybuttheInternetremovesthedistance(distant)inaway.

9．We’dliketohavethesegoodsdeliverednowandwearewillingtopayextrafortheimmediate

delivery.(deliver)

10．Notonlywillyougainabetterunderstandingofourorganizationthroughthisvoluntary

activity，butyouwillalsodeepenyouraffection(affect)forbeingavolunteer.

Ⅳ.补全短文(微写作)(每题3分，共15分)

单句汉语提示微写作短文

WeShouldShouldertheResponsibility

1.我正在网上冲浪，就在这时，一篇

1.IwassurfingtheInternetwhenareportabout

关于“00后”消防员和“00后”志愿者

post-00sfirefightersandpost-00svolunteersattractedmy

的报道吸引了我的眼球。(be

eyes.AsIreadabouttheirheroicdeeds,2.itsuddenly

doing...when...)occurredtomethattheseyoungpeopleareredefining

2.在我读到他们的英勇事迹时，我猛whatitmeanstobeaheroinourtime.Thereportshowed

然意识到，这些年轻人正在重新诠释that3.thoserolemodelswhowerebornafter2000stood

outinthemountainfireinChongqingandtheLuding

我们这个时代英雄的含义。(It

earthquake，demonstratingtheirbraveryandsenseof

occurredtosbthat...)

responsibility.

3.报告表明，那些2000年后出生的

4.Insomepeople’sview，itseemsasifthepost-00s

榜样在重庆山火和泸定地震中脱颖

werethemostrebelliousgeneration.However，whenfaced

而出，展现了他们的勇敢和责任感。

withnaturaldisasters,5.theyriskedtheirlivestorescue

(thosewho...)

peopletrappedinruinsorfloods，totallyleavingtheir

4.在一些人看来，“00后”似乎是最叛

ownsafetybehind.Theyreallyliveuptothesociety’s

逆的一代。(asif...)

expectationsanddeserveourrespectandadmiration.

5.然而，当面临自然灾害时，他们冒

Deeplyaffectedbytheirstories，Icallonallthe

着生命危险营救被困在废墟或洪水

youngpeopletolearnfromthemandshoulderour

中的人们，完全不顾他们自己的安

responsibility，makingourcontributionsasindividuals.

全。(现在分词短语作状语)

课堂精讲精练1

情景导入Whentheearthquakehit，studentswereshocked.Thoughdeeplyscared，theywere

well-informedtohideunderdesks，whichkeptthemsafe.

informvt.告知，通知；了解，熟悉(informedadj.有学问的；有见识的informationn．信

息)

·informsbof/aboutsth通知某人某事

informsbthat...通知某人……

·keepsbinformedof/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……

(1)Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergencyandhasappealedtothepublictostaycalm，

waitingforfurtherinformation(inform)．

(2)Theyarekeepingusinformed(inform)ofthelatestnewsaboutthenaturaldisastersandthe

ongoingreliefefforts.

(3)我想告知全体职员一些详细的信息，以便他们为此做好充分的准备。

I’dliketoinformallthestaffof/aboutsomedetailedinformationsothattheycanmakefull

preparationsforit.

scarevt.使恐惧；使害怕n．惊吓vi.受惊吓(scaredadj.恐惧的；惊恐的scaryadj.吓人的)

·scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做某事

scare...away/off把……吓跑

·bescaredtodeath吓得要死

bescaredtodosth/of(doing)sth害怕(做)某事

(1)Thesightofthemassivewavescaredthetouristsintorunning(run)tohigherground，forthey

werescaredtodeath.

(2)尽管很害怕，他们还是尽力保持冷静，把熊吓跑了。

Despitebeingscared(scare)，theystilltriedtheirbesttostaycalmandscaredthebearaway/off.

(3)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲阴云密布的脸。(续写之心理描写)

Havingrealizedmymistake，Ibowedmyheadtimidly，scaredtolookat/oflookingatmyfather’s

cloudyface.(形容词短语作状语)

shockv．使震惊n．休克；令人震惊的事；震惊；震动(shockingadj.令人震惊的shocked

adj.感到震惊的)

·beshockedby/at...对……感到震惊

beshockedtodo...因做……而震惊

·inshock震惊地

beashockto...对……而言是一件震惊的事

benumbwithshock震惊得目瞪口呆

(1)Theoldcouplewereshockedattheshockingnewsthattheirsongotseriouslyinjuredinthe

rescuework.(shock)

(2)Tomwasshockedtorealize(realize)thatthedamhadbeendestroyedintheflood，adisasterthat

wasnotonlyashocktoauthority，butalsoleftallthecitizensinshock.

(3)当火灾警报突然响起时，玛丽震惊得目瞪口呆，完全僵在原地动弹不得。(续写之心理描写)

Whenthefirealarmsuddenlywentoff，Marywasnumbwithshock，completelyrootedtothespot.

1．Toourrelief①，relief②supplieshadreachedthefloodvictims.Besides，newscamethatthe

doctor’streatmentgaverelief③totheinjuredaswell.

①n.宽慰②n.救济(物资)③n.减轻，缓解

2．Theearthquakestruckthecityandrescueworkersbuiltshelters①forsurvivors，tryingtoshelter②

themfromfurtherinjury.Thesurvivorsstayedatthespecifiedplaces，sheltering③frompotential

aftershocks.

①n.避难处②v.保护③v.躲避

3．Affected①byaseveredisease，hewasnolongerabletospeakclearly，andherealizedtherewas

nohopeofrecovery.Thisprofoundlyaffected②hisoverallwell-beingandmentalhealth.However，

whenhesmiledatme，Iwasdeeplyaffected③byhimandalmostshedtears.

①vt.(疾病)侵袭②vt.影响③vt.深深打动

课堂精讲精练2

情景导入Residentsweregoingabouttheirdailyroutineswhenthetsunamialarm

sounded.Everyonebeganmovingtohighergroundimmediately.Fromasafedistance，theywatched

inhorrorasthepowerfulwavessweptin，leavingtheirhomesinruins，areminderofwhyearly

warningsareessential.

distancen．距离；远处；疏远(distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的distantlyadv.

远离地；疏远地)

inthedistance在远处

at/fromadistance离一段距离；从远处

atadistanceof在……远的地方

keepsbatadistance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远

withinwalkingdistance走着就能到

(1)ThetoughperiodduringtheearthquakeIonceexperiencedisadistant(distance)memoryforme

now.

(2)我们将于下周六在一个距我们学校两千米远的农场进行水果采摘活动。

We’llholdafruit-pickingactivitynextSaturdayonafarmwhichisatadistanceoftwokilometres

fromourschool.

(3)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。(建议信)

Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum，whichiswithinwalkingdistanceofthehotelwhereyoustay.

inruins严重受损；破败不堪(ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产)

·be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭

fall/comeintoruin成为废墟；毁灭

·ruinone’shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

(1)Ninetypercentofhouseslayinruinsafterthelandslide，andhelicopterswereusedtorescue

peoplefromtheruins(ruin)．Itwasatragicsight，seeinghowcountlesshomeswereruined(ruin)in

aninstant.

(2)Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks，whichcompletelyruinedourholiday.

→Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks，completelyruiningourholiday.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)

bedoing...when...Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenseawater

startedfillingmyhome.

我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌进我家。

句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下句型：

·beabouttodo...when...正要做……突然……

·had(just)done...when...刚做完……这时突然……

(1)手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。我失去了平衡，努力想

稳住自己，但是没用。罐子从我的手指间滑落，摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起碎片，

就听到妈妈的声音，“发生了什么事？”(续写之片段描写)

Withthejarinmyhands，Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmyfeetwascaughtonone

stair.Losingbalance，Itriedtosteadymyself，butinvain.Thejarslippedthroughmyfingers，and

smashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.IwasabouttopickupthepieceswhenIheardmymom’s

voice，“What’shappening？”

(2)我刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。

Ihadjustescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitfelltotheground.

1．Mary’sdescriptionofthetornadowassovividthatIfeltasifIhadexperienced(experience)one

myself.

2．Wewereconstantlyaffectedbythepeoplewhodevotedtheirlivestofightingagainstnatural

disasters.

3．Toourrelief(relieve)，thenaturaldisastercausedrelativelyminordamageandnoliveswerelost.

4．Aftertheearthquake，alotofhousesandroadsweredestroyed，leaving(leave)agreatmany

peoplehomeless.

5．Intheopenair，wegatheredtosupporteachotherandsharestoriesofsurvivalafterthenatural

disaster.

6．Rescuersareworkingtirelesslywiththeirbarehandstodigoutthosetrappedinrubble.

7．Thosewhohavelearnedbasicsurvivalskillscansignificantlyincreasetheirchancesofsafety

duringadisaster.

8．Aftertheearthquake，thegovernmentsetasidealargeamountofmoneytomakeupforthe

economiclossessufferedbytheaffectedpeople.

9．Withthehelpofthewholecountry，thepeopleintheflood-strickenareamanagedtogetbackup

ontheirfeetwithinayear.

10．Thetrapped(trap)weresuccessfullyrescuedthankstotheeffortsoftheprofessionalteamover

severalhours.

Disasterssuchastornadoes，floods，landslides，droughts，volcaniceruptions，typhoons，

hurricanesandearthquakesaresometimesdestructive,1.causing(cause)greatdamagetomany

countries.Amongthemtheearthquakehasthe2.worst(bad)effects.The1976Tangshanearthquake

causedmorethan240,000deaths.90percentofhomeslay3.inruinsandpeoplesuffereda

lot.Everywheretheshockedsurvivorssaw4.destroyed(destroy)bricksanduselessmetalsasifthe

worldwereat5.anend.Rescueteams，includingmedicalstaffandvolunteers，dugoutthe

trapped，buriedthedeadandbuiltshelters.Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget.With

unifiedeffortsand6.wisdom(wise)ofallpeople，thecityrevived7.itself(it)andbegantobreathe

again.Earthquakesundertheseacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat8.struck(strike)Asiain

2004crashedintocoastlinesandsweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby

deliveringfoodand9.supplies(supply)byhelicopter.(Tipsforemergency：※Keepcalm※Tap

onapipeorwhistleforhelp※Stayawayfrompowerlines※Surviveon10.whatyouhaveon

hand.)

假如你是李华，在得知你的外国笔友Tom的家乡发生地震的消息后，你决定给他写一封

慰问信，主要内容包括：

1.表达安慰；

2.救援队已前往援助；

3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。

完成句子

1．得知你的家乡意外发生了可怕的地震，造成了巨大的损失，我深感难过。(现在分词短语

作结果状语)

I’mdeeplysorrytohearthatahorribleearthquakeunexpectedlystruckyourhometown，causing

greatdamage.

2．许多房屋和道路都成了废墟，我想借此机会向遭受苦难的人们表示最深切的同情。(those

who...)

Numeroushousesandroadsinruins，Iwanttotakethisopportunitytoexpressmydeepest

sympathyforthosewhosuffered.

3．令我欣慰的是，救援队已抵达灾区，正争分夺秒地搜寻幸存者并提供紧急救灾物资。(toone’s

relief，emergencysupplies)

Tomyrelief，rescueteamshavealreadyarrivedinthedisasterarea，racingagainsttimetosearch

forsurvivorsandprovideemergencysupplies.

4．救援人员冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟中的人们，将他人的安全置于自身之上，这值得我

们尊重和钦佩。(inruins，现在分词短语作状语)

Therescuershaveriskedtheirlivestorescuepeopletrappedinruins，totallyputtingthesafetyof

othersbeforetheirown，whichdeservesourrespectandadmiration.

5．更重要的是，在政府和全国人民的帮助下，我们没有必要害怕。(scared)

Moreimportantly，withtheaidofthegovernmentandpeopleacrossthecountry，thereisnoneed

forustobescared.

组句成篇

把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。

参考范文

DearTom，

I’mdeeplysorrytohearthatahorribleearthquakeunexpectedlystruckyourhometown，

causinggreatdamage.Numeroushousesandroadsinruins，Iwanttotakethisopportunityto

expressmydeepestsympathyforthosewhosuffered.

Tomyrelief，rescueteamshavealreadyarrivedinthedisasterarea，racingagainsttimeto

searchforsurvivorsandprovideemergencysupplies.Therescuershaveriskedtheirlivestorescue

peopletrappedinruins，totallyputtingthesafetyofothersbeforetheirown，whichdeservesour

respectandadmiration.Moreimportantly，withtheaidofthegovernmentandpeopleacrossthe

country，thereisnoneedforustobescared.

I’mfullyconvincedthateverythingwillbefine，andyourcitywillreviveitselfandgetback

uponitsfeetsoon.

Yourssincerely，

LiHua

语料积累情感细节描写：恐惧(二)

frightenedadj.害怕的→frighteningadj.令人害怕的→frightenv．使害怕

scarev．使害怕→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的，吓人的

单词

panicv．&n．恐慌，害怕→panickedadj.恐慌的dreadfuladj.可怕的；极坏的

terrible/horrible/awfuladj.可怕的

beinpanic/beseizedwithpanic惊慌失措one’sthroattightenswithhorror/fear吓得喉

咙发紧

bepalewithfright吓得面无人色bescaredoutofone’swits吓得魂不附体be

词块numb/frozenwithfear吓呆了frightenthepantsoffsb把……吓得屁滚尿流tremble

withterror/horror吓得发抖

bescaredtodeath/halfdeadwithfright吓得要死tearsofterror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水

one’sheartbestuckonone’sthroat心卡在嗓子眼

1.Afloodoffearwelledupinherwhenshewalkedintheemptystreet.(无灵主语句)

当她走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。

2．Iwaswanderinginthewoodswhenasnakecameoutandscaredmetodeath.

我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。

3．Ifrozewithterror，tooscaredtomoveaninch.我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。

句型4．Seeingthebloodyscene，sheuncontrollablyletoutascreamofterrorandfaintedon

theground.

看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。

5．Theexplosionreallyfrightenedthepantsoffme.爆炸把我吓坏了。

6．Hewasovercomewithterrorasherealizedhewaslostinthewilderness.

当意识到自己迷失在荒野中时，他恐惧极了。

语料运用

I，anurse，wasondaydutywhensuddenlyatrayfelloffthetable.Thenitoccurredtomethat

itwasanearthquake.①Afloodoffearwelledupinme.Somepatients②wereingreatpanicand

headedfortheexit.Although③Iwasscaredtodeath，Igrabbedmyloudspeaker，tellingthemto

burytheirheadsintheirhandsandcrouchunderthebed.Soontheearthquakestoppedandthe

reliablerescuerscametoourrescue.Thankgoodness！Thethreateningearthquakedidn’tclaimany

deathandwesighedinrelief.

作为护士的我正在日间值班，突然一个托盘从桌子上掉了下来。然后我突然想到这是一

场地震。一阵恐惧涌上我的心头。一些病人惊慌失措，奔向出口。虽然我害怕得要死，但我

还是抓住了我的扩音器，告诉他们双手抱住头，蹲到床底下。不久，地震停止了，可靠的救

援人员来救我们了。谢天谢地！此次威胁性的地震没有造成任何人员死亡，我们松了一口气。

单元主题组合练

[分值：60分]

Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)

A

(2025·河北张家口二模)

Theput-togetherbonesofaStegosaurus(剑龙)namedApexwentondisplayattheAmerican

MuseumofNaturalHistory(AMNH)inNewYorkCityonDecember5th.Apexisthemost

completesampleofaStegosaurusandthemostexpensiveeversoldatanauction(拍卖会)．

HowdidthemuseumgetApex?

ApexisonloantoAMNHforfouryearsfromKennethC．Griffin.InJuly，Griffin，theleader

ofaninvestmentfirm，purchasedApexatanauctionatSotheby’sinNewYorkCityforarecord

$44.6million.GriffinlentApextoAMNHsoitcouldbeseenandstudied.

WhyisApexvaluable?

Itincludesabout80%ofthedinosaur’s320bones.WhenApexwasalive150millionyears

ago，theanimal①stood11feettallandwas27feetlong.ScientistscantellfromApex’sremainsthat

itlivedalonglife，whichiswhytheyareexcitedtostudythem.Scientistshopetogainabetter

understandingofthespecies’metabolism(代谢)andbonegrowth.

Howdidpeoplereact?

“WeareexcitedtohaveApex②onviewatthemuseumandgratefultoKenGriffinforhis

commitmenttosharingthiswonderfulsample，”AMNHpresidentSeanM．Decatursaid.

Whatwillhappennext?

Apexwillremainondisplayneartheentranceofthemuseum’sGilderCenteruntilfall.Atthat

time，itwillbemovedtothefourthfloorfortherestoftheloanperiod.Themuseumsaiditwillalso

createanexactcopyofApextogoondisplayafterGriffin’sloanends.

语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了最完整剑龙化石Apex在美国自然历史博物

馆展出的相关事宜，包括来源、价值及后续安排。

1．WhydidGriffinlendApextothemuseum?

A．HedislikedApex.

B．Helongedtomakemoney.

C．Heenabledwiderstudy.

D．Heplannedtopreserveitbetter.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“GriffinlentApextoAMNHsoitcouldbeseenandstudied.”

可知，Griffin把Apex借给美国自然历史博物馆是为了让它能被更多人看到和被科学家研

究，也就是促进更广泛的研究。故选C。

2．WhatmakesApexmostprecioustoscientists?

A．Theuniquebonestructure.

B．TheonlyStegosaurussample.

C．Beingfoundonaspecialoccasion.

D．Beingalmostcompleteandlivinglong.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Itincludesabout80%ofthedinosaur’s320bones.”以及

“ScientistscantellfromApex’sremainsthatitlivedalonglife，whichiswhytheyareexcitedto

studythem.”可推知，Apex骨骼完整度高且能表明其寿命长，这使得它对于科学家们来说是

非常珍贵的。故选D。

3．WhatwillhappentoApexinfall?

A．ItwillbereturnedtoGriffin.

B．Itwillbeshownonadifferentfloor.

C．Thescientistswillbegintostudyit.

D．Themuseumstaffwillputitinstorage.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Apexwillremainondisplayneartheentranceofthe

museum’sGilderCenteruntilfall.Atthattime，itwillbemovedtothefourthfloorfortherestof

theloanperiod.”可知，在秋季，Apex将被移至博物馆的四楼(不同楼层)展出。故选B。

语境猜词

①stand(熟义：v.站立)生义(文义)：vi.高度为；高达

②onview在展出

B

Scientistshaverevealedmuchofthebasicsaboutearthquakes:tectonicplates(构造板块)

move，causingstrainenergy(应变能)tobuildup，andthatenergyeventuallyreleasesintheformof

anearthquake.However，forecastingearthquakesremainsasignificantchallenge，whichwas

①evidencedbythe2011greatTohokuearthquake.Inadditiontocausingatsunamithatledtothe

Fukushimanucleardisaster，itresultedinmorethan18,000deaths.

Inrecentyears，researchershavebeentryingtofigureoutapossiblerelationbetweenthesun

andearthquakes.Basedonapreviousstudythatconnectedsolaractivitywithearthquakes，astudy

conductedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukuba(UT)②castlightonthispossibility，

confirmingthatsunspotnumbershadsomeinfluenceonearthquakesandEarth’sclimate，as

affectedbysolarheat，playedarole.

“Solarheatdrivesatmospherictemperaturechanges，whichinturncanaffectthingslikerock

propertiesandundergroundwatermovement，”saidJunqueiraSaldanha，leaderoftheresearch

team.“Suchchangescanmakerockstendtobreakapart.Forexample，thechangesinrainfalland

snowmeltcanaffectthepressureontectonicplateboundaries.Whilethesefactorsmaynotbethe

maindriversofearthquakes，theycouldstillbeplayingarolethatcanhelptopredictearthquakes.”

Amongotherfindings，theresearchersusedmathematicalandcomputationalmethodsto

analyzeearthquakedataalongsidesolaractivityrecordsandsurfacetemperaturesonEarth.They

observedthatwhentheyincludedEarthsurfacetemperaturesintotheirmodel，theforecasting

becamemoreaccurate，especiallyforshallowearthquakes.“Thatmakessense，sinceheatandwater

mostlyaffecttheupperlayersoftheEarth’scrust(地壳)，”saidSaldanha.

ThefindingssuggestthetransferofsolarheattothesurfaceoftheEarthdoesaffect

earthquakes，however③minutely，andthatincorporatingsolaractivitypredictionsintodetailed

Earthtemperaturemodelsmayhelpissueearthquakeforecasts.“It’sanexcitingdirection，andwe

hopeourstudycandecipherthebiggerpictureofwhatcausesearthquakes，”saidSaldanha.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家对太阳活动与地震之间关系的研究，指

出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助

于地震预报。

4．WhydidtheauthormentionTohokuearthquakeinparagraph1?

A．Todemonstratethemovementoftectonicplates.

B．Toillustratethedifficultyinearthquakeforecast.

C．Torevealtheheavylossescausedbyearthquakes.

D．Tostressthenecessityofweakeningstrainenergy.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，forecastingearthquakesremainsasignificant

challenge，whichwasevidencedbythe2011greatTohokuearthquake.”可知，提及该地震是为了

论证前文“地震预测困难”的观点。故选B。

5．WhatdoesthestudybyUTmainlyfocuson?

A．Theclimatechangecausedbyearthquakes.

B．Theimpactofsolaractivityonatmosphere.

C．Thereasonsforincreasedsunspotnumbers.

D．Thelinkbetweensunspotsandearthquakes.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Basedonapreviousstudythatconnectedsolaractivitywith

earthquakes，astudyconductedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukuba(UT)castlighton

thispossibility，confirmingthatsunspotnumbershadsomeinfluenceonearthquakesandEarth’s

climate，asaffectedbysolarheat，playedarole.”可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。故

选D。

6．WhichofthefollowingwouldSaldanhaagree?

A．Solarheatdecidesearthquakefrequency.

B．Tectonicplatepressuregrowsconstantly.

C．