2025年下半年广东佛山全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库

2025年下半年广东佛山全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库SectionIListeningComprehensionPartAYouwillhear10shortdialogues.Foreachdialogue,thereisonequestionandfourpossibleanswers.Choosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Takeabreakfromherwork.B.Continuestudyingatthelibrary.C.Gotothecoffeeshopwithhim.D.Returnthebookstomorrow.2.Howmuchdidthewomanpayforthesweater?A.$50.B.$40.C.$35.D.$15.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Husbandandwife.D.Shopassistantandcustomer.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inabank.D.Inarestaurant.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn'tlikethemovie.B.Hehasalreadyseenthemovie.C.Hethinksthemovieistoolong.D.Hepreferswatchingmoviesathome.6.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Atravelplan.B.Aweatherforecast.C.Abusinessmeeting.D.Ahotelreservation.7.Whywasthemanlate?A.Hiscarbrokedown.B.Hemissedthebus.C.Thetrafficwasheavy.D.Heoverslept.8.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Callataxi.B.Fixtheprinter.C.Printthedocumentelsewhere.D.Restartthecomputer.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?A.Sheisanexperiencedskier.B.Sheisafraidofheights.C.Shepreferssummersports.D.Shewilljointhemanforskiing.10.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthenewpolicy?A.Itistoostrict.B.Itisreasonable.C.Itwillbecanceledsoon.D.Itishardtounderstand.PartBYouwillhearfourdialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestions.Choosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingdialogueaboutacharityevent.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthecharityevent?A.Toraisemoneyforalocalschool.B.Tocollectfoodforthehomeless.C.Tofundacommunitylibrary.D.Tosupportanimalrescueshelters.12.Howwillthewomancontributetotheevent?A.Byorganizingabakesale.B.Byperforminginaconcert.C.Byvolunteeringattheregistrationdesk.D.Bydonatingoldclothes.13.Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?A.Attendtheeventwithhisfamily.B.Putuppostersinhisoffice.C.Donatemoneydirectly.D.Writeanarticleforthelocalnewspaper.Questions14-17arebasedonamonologueabouttimemanagement.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthebiggestenemyofproductivity?A.Lackofsleep.B.Multitasking.C.Strictdeadlines.D.Frequentmeetings.15.Whatdoesthe"PomodoroTechnique"involve?A.Workingfor25minutesfollowedbyashortbreak.B.Completingthehardesttaskfirstthinginthemorning.C.Dividingtasksintourgentandimportantcategories.D.Turningoffallelectronicdeviceswhileworking.16.Whydoesthespeakersuggestturningoffnotifications?A.Becausetheydrainbatterylife.B.Becausetheyinterruptfocusandflow.C.Becausetheyareusuallyunimportant.D.Becausetheycausephysicalstress.17.Whatisthespeaker'soverallattitudetowardsmodernworkhabits?A.Highlycritical.B.Completelysupportive.C.Cautiouslyoptimistic.D.Indifferent.Questions18-20arebasedonthefollowingconversationaboutajobinterview.18.Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Hewantedahighersalary.B.Hemovedtoadifferentcity.C.Hefelttherewasnoroomforadvancement.D.Hehadaconflictwithhismanager.19.Whatskilldoesthewomanemphasizeascrucialforthenewposition?A.Projectmanagement.B.Foreignlanguageproficiency.C.Publicspeaking.D.Dataanalysis.20.WhatwillhappennextTuesday?A.Themanwillstarthisnewjob.B.Thewomanwillcallthemanwiththeresult.C.Themanwilltakeawrittentest.D.Theywillmeetforasecondinterview.TranscriptforListeningComprehensionPartA1.W:I'vebeenstaringatthiscomputerscreenforhours.Myeyesareburning.M:Whydon'tyouclosethelaptopandgrabacupofcoffeedownstairs?Thefreshairwilldoyougood.2.M:Didyoubuythatsweateryouwerelookingatyesterday?W:Yes,itwasoriginallypricedat50,3.M:Couldyoupleasedraftalettertothesupplierandscheduleameetingfortomorrowafternoon?W:Sure,Iwillhaveitonyourdeskbeforenoon.ShouldIbooktheconferenceroomaswell?4.W:Excuseme,IneedtosendthispackagetoLondon.Howmuchwillitcost?M:Letmeweighitfirst.Itweighsabouttwokilos.Thatwillbe$15bystandardairmail.5.W:Iheardthenewsci-fimovieisfantastic.Wouldyouliketogoseeitwithmethisweekend?M:I'dloveto,butI'vealreadywatcheditonline.Thespecialeffectsaremind-blowing.6.M:Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbesunnyandwarmallweek.Perfectforourtriptothebeach.W:That'sgreatnews.I'llstartpackingourswimsuitsandsunscreenrightaway.7.W:Youarehalfanhourlate.Thepresentationhasalreadystarted.M:Iamsosorry.Therewasamassiveaccidentonthehighway,andthetrafficwasatacompletestandstill.8.M:Theprinterisoutofinkagain.Ineedthiscontractsignedby3PM.W:Whydon'tyousaveittoaflashdriveandtakeittotheprintshoponthecorner?Theycandoitinfiveminutes.9.M:Weareplanningaskiingtriptothemountainsnextmonth.Youshouldcomealong!W:Thanks,butIhaveaseverefearofheights,andskiinglooksincrediblydangeroustome.10.W:Thenewcompanypolicyrequireseveryonetoclockinusingfacialrecognition.Ifinditabitinvasive.M:Ithinkit'sareasonablemeasuretopreventemployeesfromclockinginforeachother.PartBQuestions11-13M:HiSarah,areyoubusythisSaturday?Thecommunitycenterisorganizingacharityeventtoraisefundsforthenewlocallibrary.Weneedallthehelpwecanget.W:HiMark.Ihadn'theardaboutthat.Iwouldlovetohelp.Whatexactlyishappening?M:Wearehavingamarathonconcertinthepark.Localbandsareplayingforfree,andallthefoodstallprofitswillgotothelibraryfund.I'mmanagingthestagesetup,butweurgentlyneedsomeoneattheregistrationdesktowelcomepeopleandhandoutinformationalflyers.W:Icandefinitelydothat.Ihaveexperienceworkingatregistrationdesksfrommyuniversitydays.Icanalsobakesomecookiestosellatthebakesalestall.M:Thatwouldbewonderful!Themoreitemswehavetosell,thebetter.I'llputyournamedown.Also,couldyoumaybeputupsomepostersaroundyourneighborhood?Weneedtospreadtheword.W:Ofcourse.Iwillprintsomeouttonightandhangthemuptomorrowmorningonmywaytowork.Questions14-17Welcometotoday'sseminaroneffectivetimemanagement.Inourmodern,fast-pacedworkenvironment,thebiggestenemyofproductivityisoftenmultitasking.Manypeoplebelievethatdoingseveralthingsatoncemakesthemmoreefficient,butcognitivescienceshowsthatconstantlyswitchingbetweentasksdrainsyourmentalenergyandincreasesthelikelihoodoferrors.OnehighlyeffectivemethodtocombatthisisthePomodoroTechnique.Thisinvolvessettingatimerforexactly25minutesoffocused,uninterruptedwork,followedbya5-minutebreak.Afterfourcycles,youtakealongerbreakof15to30minutes.Thisrhythmalignswithyourbrain'snaturalattentionspan.Anothermajordistractionisourconstantconnectiontotechnology.Everytimeyourphonepingswithanewemailorsocialmedianotification,yourfocusisshattered,anditcantakeupto23minutestofullyreturntotheoriginaltask.Therefore,Istronglysuggestturningoffallnon-essentialnotificationsduringyourdeepworkperiods.Iamnotsayingmoderntechnologyisbad;infact,Iamcautiouslyoptimisticaboutourdigitaltools.However,wemustlearntomanagethem,ratherthanlettingthemmanageus.Questions18-20W:Goodmorning,Mr.Davis.Thankyouforcomingintoday.Iseefromyourresumethatyouworkedatyourpreviouscompanyforfiveyears.Whydidyoudecidetoleave?M:Goodmorning,Ms.Jenkins.WhileIvaluedmytimethereandlearnedalot,Ifeltthatmycareerhadreachedaplateau.Thecompanystructurewasquiteflat,meaningtherewasnoroomforadvancementorpromotionintheforeseeablefuture.Iamlookingforapositionwithmoreresponsibilitiesandgrowthpotential.W:Iunderstand.Thepositionyouareapplyingforhereinvolvesmanagingateamoffivepeopleandoverseeingourinternationalmarketingcampaigns.OurcompanyhasrecentlyexpandedintotheEuropeanmarket.HowisyourFrench?M:MyFrenchisquitefluent.IstudiedinParisforayearduringmyundergraduatestudies,andIhaveusedFrenchprofessionallyinmylastroletocommunicatewithsuppliersinLyon.W:Thatisexcellentnews.Foreignlanguageproficiencyiscrucialforthisrole.Wehaveafewmorecandidatestointerviewthisweek,butIamveryimpressedwithyourbackground.WewillcallyounextTuesdaytoletyouknowourfinaldecision.M:Thankyouverymuchforyourtime,Ms.Jenkins.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank.Theconceptofwork-lifebalancehasevolvedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade.Inthepast,theboundarybetweenprofessionalandpersonallifewasclearly21.Peoplecommutedtoanoffice,workedtheirsethours,andthenlefttheirwork22whentheyreturnedhome.However,the23ofsmartphonesandcloudcomputinghasblurredtheselines,creatingan"always-on"culture.Whileremoteworkoffersundeniable24,suchaseliminatingcommutesandprovidingflexibleschedules,italso25auniquesetofchallenges.Employeesoftenfindthemselvescheckingemailslateatnightor26onprojectsduringweekends.Thisconstantconnectivitycanleadtosevere27,astateofemotional,physical,andmentalexhaustioncausedbyexcessiveandprolongedstress.To28thisissue,manyorganizationsareimplementing"righttodisconnect"policies.Thesepolicies29employeestoignorework-relatedcommunicationsoutsideoftheirdesignatedworkinghours30feelingguiltyorfearing31.Companieshaverealizedthatanoverworkedemployeeisrarelya32one.Productivitytendsto33afteracertainnumberofhours,andchronicfatigueleadsto34errorsanddecreasedcreativity.Furthermore,individualsmusttakeproactivestepsto35theirownboundaries.Thisincludessettingspecificworkhours,creatinga36workspacewithinthehome,andcommunicatingthese37tocolleaguesandfamilymembers.Engaginginhobbies,exercising,andspendingtimewithlovedonesarenotmerelyleisureactivities;theyareessential38formaintainingmentalhealthandpreventingburnout.Ultimately,achievingwork-lifebalanceisnota39destinationbutanongoingprocessofnegotiationandadjustment.Asthemodernworkplacecontinuesto40,bothemployersandemployeesmustprioritizewell-beingtoensuresustainablesuccess.21.A.definedB.destroyedC.disputedD.disguised22.A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside23.A.declineB.riseC.disappearanceD.invention24.A.benefitsB.drawbacksC.costsD.restrictions25.A.solvesB.createsC.removesD.ignores26.A.givingupB.takingoverC.workingD.depending27.A.motivationB.inspirationC.burnoutD.relaxation28.A.addressB.ignoreC.causeD.delay29.A.forbidB.requireC.empowerD.discourage30.A.withB.withoutC.despiteD.concerning31.A.promotionB.retirementC.punishmentD.reward32.A.productiveB.stressedC.absentD.tired33.A.increaseB.peakC.declineD.stabilize34.A.fewerB.moreC.similarD.different35.A.crossB.establishC.reduceD.accept36.A.sharedB.dedicatedC.noisyD.temporary37.A.boundariesB.tasksC.productsD.secrets38.A.distractionsB.burdensC.strategiesD.obstacles39.A.permanentB.temporaryC.staticD.distant40.A.disappearB.evolveC.collapseD.regressSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingthreetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingthecorrectoption.Text1Urbanagriculture,thepracticeofcultivating,processing,anddistributingfoodinoraroundurbanareas,hasseenamassivesurgeinpopularity.FromrooftopgardensinNewYorktocommunityplotsinTokyo,citydwellersareincreasinglygettingtheirhandsdirty.Whilesomedismissurbanfarmingasatrendyhobby,itsadvocatesarguethatitcarriesprofoundenvironmental,social,andeconomicbenefits.Environmentally,urbanagriculturereducesthe"foodmiles"–thedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtoplate.Bygrowingfoodlocally,citiescansignificantlycutdownonthegreenhousegasemissionsassociatedwithtransportation.Furthermore,rooftopgardenscanabsorbrainwater,reducingtheburdenoncitysewersystems,andtheyhelpmitigatethe"urbanheatislandeffect,"whereconcreteandasphaltabsorbandretainheat,makingcitieswarmerthansurroundingruralareas.Socially,communitygardensactasfocalpointsforneighborhoodinteraction.Theyprovideaspacewherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundscanmeet,shareknowledge,andworktowardsacommongoal.Studieshaveshownthatareaswithactivecommunitygardensexperienceareductionincrimeratesandanincreaseinneighborhoodcohesion.Moreover,thesegardensoftendonateaportionoftheirharvesttolocalfoodbanks,addressingissuesoffoodinsecurityinlow-incomeneighborhoods.Economically,whileurbanfarmingisunlikelytoreplacetraditionalruralagriculture,itcanprovidesupplementaryincomeforurbanresidents.Theefficiencyofurbanagriculturecanberemarkablyhigh;verticalfarming,forinstance,useshydroponicsystemstogrowcropsinstackedlayersindoors,usingupto90lesswaterthantraditionalfarmingandyieldingsignificantlymoreproducepersquaremeter.Theinitialsetupcostforsuchhigh-techsystemsissubstantial,calculatedasC=L+E+M,whereDespitethesebenefits,challengesremain.Landincitiesisexpensive,andsoilcontaminationisaprevalentissue,oftenrequiringimportedsoilandraisedbeds.Zoninglawsandpropertyrightscanalsocreatelegalhurdles.Yet,ascitiescontinuetograpplewiththeeffectsofclimatechangeandpopulationgrowth,urbanagriculturestandsoutnotjustasapassingtrend,butasavitalcomponentofsustainableurbanplanning.41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneenvironmentalbenefitofrooftopgardens?A.Theyproducemorefoodthanruralfarms.B.Theylowerthetemperatureoftheentirecity.C.Theyabsorbrainwaterandreduceurbanheat.D.Theyincreasethevalueoftheproperty.42.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"foodmiles"?A.Thenumberofmilesapersonwalkstobuyfood.B.Thedistancefoodtravelsfromthefarmtotheconsumer.C.Thecaloriesburnedduringfoodproduction.D.Thecostoftransportingfoodwithinacity.43.Howdocommunitygardensaffectneighborhooddynamics?A.Theyincreasepropertyvalues.B.Theycreatecompetitionamongresidents.C.Theyfostersocialinteractionandreducecrime.D.Theyreplacetheneedforsupermarkets.44.Whatisamajorcharacteristicofverticalfarmingmentionedinthetext?A.Itreliessolelyontraditionalsoil.B.Itusessignificantlylesswaterthantraditionalfarming.C.Itisthecheapestformofurbanagriculture.D.Itcanonlybedoneoutdoorsinruralareas.45.Whatisthemainchallengeofurbanagriculturementionedinthefinalparagraph?A.Lackofinterestfromcitydwellers.B.Highcostsofseedsandplants.C.Expensivelandandsoilcontamination.D.Extremeweatherconditions.Text2Theconceptof"digitalminimalism"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears.Itadvocatesforamoreintentionalandmindfulapproachtotechnologyuse,specificallyconcerningoursmartphonesandsocialmediahabits.CalNewport,aprominentvoiceinthismovement,arguesthattheconstantconnectivityofferedbymoderndevicesfragmentsourattention,increasesanxiety,andpreventsusfromengagingindeep,meaningfulwork.Digitalminimalismisnotaboutabandoningtechnologyaltogether,whichispracticallyimpossibleintoday'sworld.Instead,itinvolvesaprocessofdeclutteringone'sdigitallife.Thistypicallystartswitha30-day"digitaldetox,"whereindividualsabstainfromoptionaltechnologies.Afterthisperiod,theycarefullyreintroduceonlythosetoolsthataddsubstantialvaluetotheirlives,whileestablishingstrictboundariesaroundtheiruse.Thepsychologicalbenefitsofthisapproacharewell-documented.Theconstantstreamofnotificationstriggersdopamineloopsinthebrain,similartothemechanismsofgamblingaddiction.Bydisablingnotificationsandcheckingappsonlyatdesignatedtimes,individualsreportsignificantreductionsinanxietyandimprovementsinfocus.The"fearofmissingout"(FOMO),whichdrivescompulsivecheckingofsocialmediafeeds,isreplacedbythe"joyofmissingout"(JOMO),astateofcontentmentwithone'scurrentrealityratherthananobsessionwithwhatothersaredoing.Criticsofdigitalminimalismarguethatitisaprivilegeoftheelite,thosewhocanaffordtodisconnectwithoutfacingprofessionalrepercussions.Inmanyindustries,immediateresponsivenessisanunwrittenrule,andsteppingbackcouldmeanlosingclientsorcareeropportunities.Furthermore,socialmediaistheprimarymethodofsocializingformanyyoungpeople,andcuttingoneselfoffcanleadtosocialisolation.Proponentscountertheseargumentsbystatingthattruedigitalminimalismdoesn'tmeanignoringimportantmessages;itmeanstakingcontrolofthecommunicationchannels.Byfilteringoutthenoiseofendlessscrollingandalgorithmiccontent,peoplecanactuallyrespondmoreefficientlytowhatmatters.Thedebatehighlightsafundamentaltensioninmodernsociety:ourtoolsaredesignedtocaptureourattention,butourbrainsarenotdesignedtohandlethatmuchstimulation.46.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Smartphonesareinherentlyevilandshouldbebanned.B.Digitalminimalismpromotesintentionaltechnologyuseforbettermentalhealth.C.Socialmediacausesgamblingaddiction.D.CalNewportinventedtheconceptofdigitaldetox.47.Accordingtothepassage,whatisacorepracticeofdigitalminimalism?A.Buyingabasicphonewithoutinternetaccess.B.Permanentlydeletingallsocialmediaaccounts.C.Takingabreakfromoptionaltechnologyandreintroducingitmindfully.D.Spendingmoretimeonworkemailstoavoidsocialmedia.48.Whatpsychologicaleffectdoesconstantconnectivityhaveonthebrain?A.Itimproveslong-termmemory.B.Ittriggersdopamineloopssimilartogamblingaddiction.C.Itincreasestheabilitytomultitask.D.Itreducesthefearofmissingout.49.Whatisthemainargumentofthecriticsofdigitalminimalism?A.Itistooexpensivetoimplement.B.Itcanleadtoprofessionalsetbacksandsocialisolation.C.Itisscientificallyproventobeineffective.D.Itisonlysuitableforoldergenerations.50.Howdoproponentsofdigitalminimalismaddressthecriticismregardingresponsiveness?A.Theysuggestignoringallworkemails.B.Theyarguethatfilteringnoiseallowsformoreefficientresponsestowhatmatters.C.Theyclaimthatclientspreferslowercommunication.D.Theybelievethatimmediateresponsivenessisunnecessaryinallfields.Text3The"sharingeconomy"hasfundamentallytransformedhowpeopleconsumegoodsandservices.PlatformslikeAirbnb,Uber,andTaskRabbithavecreatedapeer-to-peereconomicmodelthatbypassestraditionalcorporateintermediaries.Byutilizingunderusedassets,suchasanemptyguestroomoraparkedcar,individualscangenerateincomewhileprovidingaffordableservicestoconsumers.However,therapidgrowthofthissectorhasoutpacedregulatoryframeworks,leadingtosignificantfriction.Oneofthemostcontentiousissuesistheimpactonthehousingmarket.IncitieslikeBarcelonaandNewYork,theproliferationofshort-termrentalshasbeenblamedfordrivinguplong-termrentalpricesanddisplacinglocalresidents.Criticsarguethatlandlordsfinditmoreprofitabletorentapartmentstotouristsonanightlybasisratherthantolong-termtenants,therebyreducingthehousingsupply.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkerswithinthesharingeconomyhassparkedfiercelegalbattles.Companiesclassifytheirdriversandhostsas"independentcontractors,"whichexemptsthemfromprovidingtraditionalemployeebenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementcontributions.Workers,ontheotherhand,arguethattheplatformsexertsignificantcontrolovertheirwork—settingprices,dictatingacceptancerates,andmanagingcustomerreviews—whicheffectivelymakesthememployeesinallbutname.Governmentsarenowstrugglingtofindabalance.Over-regulationcouldstifleinnovationanddestroyasectorthatprovidesflexibleearningopportunities,particularlyforstudentsandpart-timeworkers.Under-regulation,however,riskscreatinganunlevelplayingfield.Traditionalhotelsandtaxicompaniescomplainthattheyaresubjecttostringentregulations,taxes,andlicensingfeesthatsharingeconomyplatformscircumvent.Thefutureofthesharingeconomylikelyliesinahybridapproach.Somecitiesareimplementingtieredregulatorysystems,allowingindividualstorentouttheirprimaryresidencesshort-term,whileheavilytaxingthosewhooperatemultiplepropertiesascommercialhotels.Similarly,newlegalcategoriesarebeingexploredforworkers—sittingsomewherebetweenanindependentcontractorandafull-timeemployee—thatgrantthemcertainbasicprotectionswithoutimposingrigidcorporatestructuresontheplatforms.Thesharingeconomyisnolongeranicheexperiment;itisapermanentfixtureoftheglobaleconomy,anditsmaturationrequiresthoughtful,adaptiveregulation.51.Whatisthefundamentalpremiseofthesharingeconomy?A.Bypassingtraditionalintermediariestoutilizeunderusedassets.B.Providingfreeservicestolocalcommunities.C.Replacingalltraditionalcorporatebusinesses.D.Generatingtaxrevenueforlocalgovernments.52.Accordingtothepassage,howdoshort-termrentalsaffectthehousingmarketinsomecities?A.Theydecreasethecostoflong-termrentals.B.Theyincreasethehousingsupplyforlocalresidents.C.Theydriveuplong-termrentalpricesanddisplacelocals.D.Theyhavenoeffectonthehousingmarket.53.Whyistheclassificationofworkersacontentiousissue?A.Workerswanttobeclassifiedasindependentcontractors.B.Companiesprovidetoomanybenefitstotheirworkers.C.Platformsexertcontroloverworkersbutdonotprovideemployeebenefits.D.Traditionalemployeeswanttoleavetheirjobstojoinplatforms.54.Whatisacomplaintfromtraditionalbusinessesregardingthesharingeconomy?A.Sharingeconomyplatformsaretooheavilyregulated.B.Traditionalbusinessesdonothavetopaytaxes.C.Sharingeconomyplatformsavoidstrictregulationsandlicensingfees.D.Traditionalbusinessescannotcompetewiththelowpricesofsharingplatforms.55.Whatistheauthor'ssuggestedsolutionforthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A.Banningshort-termrentalsinresidentialareas.B.Classifyingallplatformworkersasfull-timeemployees.C.Implementingtieredregulatorysystemsandnewlegalworkercategories.D.Leavingthemarketunregulatedtoencourageinnovation.PartBReadthefollowingtextanddecideifeachstatementisTrue,False,orNotGiven.TheScienceofSleepSleepisnotmerelyapassivestateofrest,butahighlyactiveandcomplexphysiologicalprocessessentialforhumansurvival.Duringsleep,thebrainundergoesaseriesofstages,eachcharacterizedbydistinctbrainwavepatterns.ThesestagesarebroadlycategorizedintoNon-RapidEyeMovement(NREM)andRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleep.NREMsleepconsistsofthreestages,movingfromlightsleeptodeep,restorativesleep.ItisduringdeepNREMsleepthatthebodyrepairstissues,buildsboneandmuscle,andstrengthenstheimmunesystem.REMsleep,ontheotherhand,isthestagemostassociatedwithdreamingandiscrucialformemoryconsolidation,learning,andemotionalregulation.Despiteitsimportance,modernsocietyischronicallysleep-deprived.Theinventionoftheelectriclightbulbfundamentallyalteredhumancircadianrhythms,allowingactivitiestoextendwellpastsunset.However,thecurrentepidemicofsleepdeprivationisprimarilydrivenbytheproliferationofelectronicdevices.Smartphones,tablets,andcomputersemitbluelight,whichsuppressesthesecretionofmelatonin,thehormoneresponsibleforregulatingsleep-wakecycles.Whenindividualsstareatscreensbeforebedtime,theirbrainsaretrickedintothinkingitisstilldaytime,makingitdifficulttofallasleepandreducingthequalityofthesleeptheydoget.Theconsequencesofchronicsleepdeprivationextendfarbeyonddaytimedrowsiness.Long-termsleepdeficitshavebeenlinkedtoahostofserioushealthconditions,includingobesity,type2diabetes,cardiovasculardisease,andaweakenedimmunesystem.ThecalculationforassessingsleepdebtoveraweekcanbeconceptualizedasD=R−A,whereDisthesleepdebt,Ristherequiredsleep(typicallyaround8hourspernight),andToimprovesleephygiene,expertsrecommendestablishingaconsistentsleepschedule,evenonweekends.Thebedroomshouldbeasanctuaryforsleep—cool,dark,andquiet.Mostimportantly,individualsshoulddisengagefromelectronicdevicesatleastonehourbeforebedtime,replacingscreentimewithrelaxingactivitiessuchasreadingaphysicalbook,meditating,ortakingawarmbath.Recognizingsleepasabiologicalimperativeratherthanaluxuryisthefirststeptowardsbetterhealthandwell-being.56.ThebodyrepairstissuesprimarilyduringREMsleep.57.Theelectriclightbulbwastheprimarycauseofsleepdeprivationinthepast,butnowelectronicdevicesarethemaindriver.58.Melatoninisthehormonethatmakesusfeelalertduringtheday.59.Beingawakefor17hourscanimpaircognitivefunctionsasmuchasbeinglegallydrunk.60.Expertsrecommendusingsmartphonesinbedtohelprelaxbeforesleeping.SectionIVWritingPartAYouareplanningtoorganizeacampus-widebookexchangeeventtopromotereadingandrecycling.WriteanemailtotheStudentUnionPresidenttorequestpermissionandsupport.Inyouremail,youshould:1.Statethepurposeoftheemail.2.Explainthebenefitsofthebookexchangeevent.3.Requestavenueandsomepromotionalmaterials.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.PartBBelowisachartshowingthechangesinthemodesoftransportationusedbycitizensinacertaincityfrom