《数字测图》课件-3.1.1野外数据采集基本知识

数字测图DigitalMappingTheBasicKnowledgeofFieldDataCollection野外数据采集基本知识什么是野外数据采集？Whatisfielddatacollection?野外数据采集的对象是什么？Whataretheobjectsoffielddatacollection?如何进行野外数据采集？Howdoyouconductfielddatacollection?野外数据采集其实质就是要通过使用数据采集设备对野外的地物、地貌特征点进行观测，获取特征点的位置信息（平面坐标、高程）、连接关系（点与点的连接）、属性信息（它是什么），并记录、存储。Theessenceoffielddatacollectionistousedatacollectionequipmenttoobservetheterrainandfeaturepointsinthefield,obtainlocationinformation(planecoordinates,elevation),connectionrelationship(point-to-pointconnection),andattributeinformation(whatitis),andrecordandstore.野外数据采集的基本概念BasicConceptsofFieldDataCollectionTerrainfeaturepoint地物特征点地貌特征点LandformsfeaturepointObjectsoffielddatacollection野外数据采集对象一般是指人工修建的构筑物的起、终点、转角、边界、中心位置的明显特征点。Theoutdoorfeaturepointsofterraingenerallyrefertothepositionsofclearfeaturepointsofartificiallyconstructedstructuressuchasstartingandendingpoints,turningpoints,boundaries,andcenterpositions.一般是指地形坡度发生变换的位置，即边坡点或同一坡度的起点和终点。Theoutdoorfeaturepointsoflandformsgenerallyrefertothepositionswheretheterrainslopechanges,i.e.,slopepointsorthestartingandendingpointsofthesameslope.野外数据采集设备FieldDataCollectionEquipment全站仪数据采集TotalstationdataacquisitionGNSSRTK数据采集GNSSRTKdatacollection低空无人机low-altitudeunmannedaerialvehicles三维激光扫描仪数据采集3Dlaserscanningdatacollection野外数据采集模式FieldDataCollectionMode使用数据采集设备观测、记录野外特征点的位置信息，利用现场绘制的草图来记录野外特征点的连接关系和属性。Usedatacollectiondevicestoobserveandrecordthelocationinformationoffieldfeatures,andusesketchesdrawnonsitetorecordtheconnectionrelationshipsandattributesoffieldfeatures.01数字测记模式Digitalmeasurementmode野外数据采集模式FieldDataCollectionMode在野外使用数据采集设备+便携式计算机+绘图软件进行野外数据采集和图形绘制同步进行，即野外特征点采集和图形绘制都是在野外现场完成。Inthefield,datacollectiondevicessuchasGPS,totalstations,etc.,portablecomputers,anddrawingsoftwareareusedtogethertoperformsynchronizedfielddatacollectionandgraphicdrawing,thatis,bothfieldfeaturepointcollectionandgraphicdrawingarecompletedinthefield.02电子平板测绘模式Electronictabletmappingmode野外数据采集模式FieldDataCollectionMode利用矢量化软件对已有的纸质版图纸进行扫描生成光栅图纸（JPG格式），对光栅图纸进行影像纠正，对纠正后光栅图纸进行矢量处理，最后生成矢量化地形图。Usevectorizationsoftwaretoscantheexistingpaperversionofthedrawingpapertogeneraterasterdrawings(JPGformat),rasterdrawingsforimagecorrection,rasterdrawingsaftercorrectionforvectorprocessing,andfinallygeneratevectorizedtopographicmaps.03地图数字化Mapdigitization野外数据采集成果FieldDataCollectionResults野外数据采集的成果是用于内业地形图绘制，地形图的图形由点、线、面三种要素组成。由点按一定顺序相连构成线，由线可以围成闭合的面状图形，所以点要素是最基本的图形要素。Theresultoffielddatacollectionisusedforinteriorterrainmapdrawing.Thegraphicsofterrainmapsarecomposedofthreeelements:points,lines,andsurfaces.Linesarecomposedofpointsinacertainorder,andsurfacescanbeformedbyenclosinglines.0102数据采集成果实现数字化DatacollectionresultsaredigitalizedFielddatacollectioncharacteristics野外数据采集特点数据采集过程自动化DatacollectionprocessautomationDatacollectionpointpositionaccuracyishigh数据采集点位精度高0304Highdatacollectionworkefficiency数据采集作业效率高0708Datacollectionresultsareeasytodeepprocessingandutilization数据采集成果便于深加工利用数据采集成果作为GIS的重要信息源DatacollectionresultsareimportantinformationsourcesforGISDatacollectionresultscanbeoutputinvariousforms数据采集能以各种形式输出成果0605数据采集成果便于更新Datacollectionresultsareeasytoupdate数据采集对象是什么、数据采集的方法有哪些、数据采集的特点等基