2025年高考英语大二轮-作业14人与环境类说明文

作业14人与环境类说明文A(2021·全国乙)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear，theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves，frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups，thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity，Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution，butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand，becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone，thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018，VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds，a①truckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork，titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic，whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruck②allatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming.B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing.D．Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures语境猜词①truckload(合)＝truck＋load②allatonceB(2024·安徽皖南八校联考)Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain，leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently，peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat，butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now，thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore②unpredictable，”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother，it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion，”saysKatjaFriedrich，aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally，it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought，thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought，skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels，thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals，andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat，someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe③long-termimpacts，asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.5．Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A．Toincreasegrainoutput.B．Toslowdownglobalwarming.C．Toreducechemicalsintheair.D．Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.6．HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinparagraph2?A．It’seffective. B．It’sunsuccessful.C．It’ssatisfying. D．It’s④fruitful.7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A．Favourable. B．Opposed.C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Droughtcurrently⑤posestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B．Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C．Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D．Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.语境猜词①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness②unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able③long-term(合)＝long＋term④fruitful(派)＝fruit＋ful⑤pose熟义：n.姿势生义(文义)：v.C(2024·湖南长沙二模)TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now，scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies，includingbigdata，artificialintelligence，andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation，a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebig①breakthroughintheriver’sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”．AccordingtoWangQin，aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau，asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips，abattery，andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤坝)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones，thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquickresponse，”Wangsaid.“Inthepast，researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves，puttingtheirlivesatrisk，”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus，moresafely，quickly，andaccurately.”Andinthesky，drones(无人机)areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers，thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollers(巡逻员)oftheriver，lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission，thankstothedrones，researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches(未雨绸缪)，”saidShen.Underthewaterandupinthesky，intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources，inthefuture，wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.9．WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A．Toconducthistoricalresearch.B．Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.C．Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.D．Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.10．Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A．Theyrecordwaterquality.B．Theyimprovetheriver’sbeauty.C．Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.D．Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A．Entertainingtourists.B．Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C．Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D．Testingwaterquality.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Complete.B．Basic.C．Beautiful.D．Natural.语境猜词①breakthrough(合)＝break＋through②governance(派)＝govern＋ance③battendown语境猜词答案A．①一卡车(的量)②突然地；同时B．①有效性，效力②无法预测的③长期的④成果丰硕的⑤造成，引起C．①突破，重大进展②管理，治理③准备应对可能的麻烦或困难答案精析语篇解读艺术家BenjaminVonWong非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。1．C[推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.”可知，艺术家VonWong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料垃圾造成的问题。故选C。]2．A[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。]3．B[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，TruckloadofPlastic这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。]4．D[标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以唤起人们对环保问题的关注，故选D。]语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了虽然人工增雨被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法，但是人工增雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和受气候条件的制约。因此，虽然人工增雨可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。5．D[细节理解题。根据第一段“Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouragingprecipitation(降水)．..chemicalsintoclouds.(在我们日益变暖的世界里，干旱是一个日益严重的问题。所有大陆都经历了更多的长时间无雨期，导致森林火灾和作物生长不良。因此，人们正在研究人工增雨来解决这个问题——一种通过将某些化学物质的小颗粒送入云层来促进降水的方法)”可知，人工增雨是为了应对干旱无雨的天气。故选D。]6．B[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat(我最早的实践是在科罗拉多州东北部使用人工增雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们运气不好)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初的实践没有成功。故选B。]7．D[观点态