2025年高考英语大二轮-作业8环境保护类记叙文

作业8环境保护类记叙文A(2023·新课标Ⅰ)WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，and①fisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneat②cancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥)．First，heconstructedaseriesofclear③fiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirown④ecosystem.Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopeda⑤greenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco-machine.3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C．TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.4．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.语境猜词①fishery(派)＝fish＋ery______________________________________________②cancer-causing(合)＝cancer＋causing____________________③fiberglass(合)＝fiber＋glass____________________④ecosystem(派)＝eco＋system____________________⑤greenhouse-like(合)＝greenhouse＋like____________________B(2024·山东临沂高三一模)WatfordandherfamilyhavelivedinCurtisBay，Baltimoreforgenerations.Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmental①injustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult，herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory(呼吸的)problems.Whensheknewaplantobuildthenation’slargesttrash-burningincinerator(焚化炉)lessthanamileawayfromherhighschool，sherealizedshehadtotakeaction.Theincineratorwasbeingsoldwronglyasclean，②renewableenergyequipmentbutactuallyitwouldbeasourceof③brain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsofgreenhousegasesperyear，bothworsethancoalburning.Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilitytowarnhercommunitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.Sheco-foundedFreeYourVoice(FYV)，a10-personstudentorganizationdevotedtocommunityrightsandsocialjustice.Together，theydecidedtostartacampaigntotakedownEnergyAnswers，theincinerator’sdeveloper.Theywent④door-to-doortalkingtoneighborsandorganizingprotests.WhenitwasdiscoveredthatBaltimoreCityPublicSchools(BCPS)wasgoingtobeacustomerofEnergyAnswers，theorganizationfoughtwiththeboardandpresentedtheircase，urgingBCPStowithdrawfromtheproject.BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract，whichinturninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain，EnergyAnswershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.WatfordcontinuestoworkwithCurtisBayresidentstowardfairdevelopment.Theyhaveavisionforthefuturewhichincludesbuildingazero-wastemovement，asolarfarm，andgreenjobs.Shewantstheentirehumanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljusticebecausesurvivalasaspeciesdependsonourabilitytotakeaction.5．WhatcausedrespiratoryproblemsinWatford’scommunity?A．Poormedicalcare.B．Terribleenvironmentalconditions.C．Constantbacterialinfection.D．Unbalanceddistributionofresources.6．WhatisWatford’sattitudetobuildingtheincinerator?A．Unfavourable.B．Doubtful.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent.7.Whatwastheresultoftheircampaign?A．BCPSlostfinancialsupport.B．EnergyAnswersstoppeditsplan.C．Theinvestorsfoundanewmarket.D．Manycustomersrevisedtheircontracts.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ATeenageHeroAgainstUrbanizationB．ATeenageHeroFightingforanAdvancedCityC．ABattleforBaltimore’sSkybyaTeenageHeroD．TheSocialJusticeChallengeforaTeenageHero语境猜词①injustice(派)＝in＋justice____________________②renewable(派)＝re＋new＋able____________________③brain-damaging(合)＝brain＋damaging____________________④door-to-door(合)＝door＋to＋door____________________C(2024·广东江门一模)Acrosstheworld，humanspurchasearound1.3billion①single-useplasticwaterbottlesaday.Becauseonlyabout9%ofplasticisrecycled，thevastmajorityofthosebottles②windupinlandfills，theocean，orelsewhereinnature.Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily’stripstoCalifornia，the12-year-oldgirl“justfeltthisneededtochange，”shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.Soasshebeganthinkingaboutwhattodoforherschoolsciencefairbackin2021，theideaofaprojectcenteredonreducingplasticpollutionquicklycametohermind:shewoulddesignan③eatablewaterbottlecalledtheEco-Hero.“Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld，”theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.Tobringherideatolife，Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles，thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.Shefoundthatthecombinationofwater，lemonjuice，naturalgum，andAlginicacid(褐藻酸)resultedinagelpouchthatwouldn’tbreak，couldholdupto3/4cupofwater，andwouldlastinthefridgeforthreeweeks.Thoughshe’dliketoimprovetheEco-Herobymakingitabletoholdmorewater，shebelieveshercurrentversionwouldworkwellasareplacementforthepapercupsusedbyrunnersinraces.Alloneneedstodoisbiteaholeinthewaterball，drinkthewater，andtheneatthepouchorthrowitawaytobiodegrade.MadisonhopestheEco-Heroinspiresotherstotakebettercareoftheplanet.“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway，”shetoldSmithsonian.“Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld，evenifit’sjustinasmallway.”9．WhatinspiredMadison’sdesignofaneatablewaterbottle?A．Herschool’stask.B．Herfamily’surge.C．Herlovefornature.D．Hertripstothebeach.10．WhatcanweknowabouttheEco-Hero?A．Itisacopyofthepreviousversions.B．Itismadefrom④unbreakablematerials.C．Itisanimprovementinsizeand⑤durability.D．Ithasaholeandshouldbedisposedonceused.11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMadison?A．Ambitiousandcreative.B．Talentedanddetermined.C．Courageousandconfident.D．Cooperativeandcommitted.12．Whichsentencecandescribethemainideaofthetext?A．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.B．Smallpeoplemakebigmoves.C．Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.D．Greatmindsthinkalike.语境猜词①single-use(合)＝single＋use____________________②windup____________________③eatable(派)＝eat＋able____________________④unbreakable(派)＝un＋break＋able____________________⑤durability(派)＝durable＋ity____________________语境猜词答案A．①渔业；渔场；水产业②致癌的③玻璃纤维；玻璃丝④生态系统⑤类似温室的B．①不公正，无道义②可更新的，可再生的③损伤大脑的④挨家挨户地C．①一次性的②结束，终结③可吃的，可食用的④牢不可破的；不易破损的⑤持久性，耐用性答案精析语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。1．C[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他家周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。根据第二段可知，在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。由此可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。]2．D[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.”以及第四段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。]3．B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示关于约翰想法的一项实际应用。故选B。]4．A[推理判断题。根据第一段及最后一段中的“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A。]语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了恶劣的环境导致Watford所在社区的居民出现健康问题，Watford和另外9名学生成立FreeYourVoice组织，发起反对建立垃圾焚化炉的运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停。5．B[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory(呼吸的)problems.”可知，恶劣的环境条件导致Watford所在社区的居民出现呼吸问题，故选B。]6．A[观点态度题。根据第二段末句“Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilityt