新目标八年级下册英语 Unit 1 讲义

新目标八年级下册Unit1What’sthematter?讲义一、词性转换SectionAlie→(pt.)layshe→(反身代词)herselfthey→(反身代词)themselvespassenger→(pl.)passengersSectionBknife→(pl.)knivesbreathe→(n.)breathclimber→(V.)climbdeath→(v.)diedecision→(v.)decideimportance→(adj.)importantmean→(pt.)meant二、短语归纳1.haveatoothache牙疼2.talktoomuch说得太多3.drinkenoughwater喝足够的水4.haveacold受凉;感冒5.haveastomachache胃疼6.haveasoreback背疼7.haveasorethroat喉咙痛8.liedown躺下9.getanX-ray拍X光片10.takeone’stemperature量体温11.inthesameway以同样的方式12.putsomemedicineonsth.在……上面敷药13.shoutforhelp大声呼救14.withoutthinkingtwice没有多想15.haveaheartproblem有心脏病16.toone’ssurprise使......惊讶的17.thanksto多亏了；由于18.intime及时19.savealife挽救生命20.getintotrouble造成麻烦21.becauseof由于22.hurtoneself受伤23.putabandageonsth.用绷带包扎24.feelsick感到恶心25.haveanosebleed流鼻血26.cuthisknee割伤他的膝盖27.haveproblemsinbreathing呼吸困难28.beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事29.runout(of)用完;用尽30.beincontrolof掌管;管理31.inadifficultsituation在困境中32.keepondoingsth.继续或坚持做某事33.makeadecision做出决定34.takerisks冒险35.giveup放弃句型集萃needtodosth.需要去做某事seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事asksb.sth.询问某人某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事agreetodosth.统一做某事helpsb.to(do)sth.帮助某人做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困难be/getusedtodosth.习惯于做某事usesth.todosth.用某物去做某事seemtodosth.好像做某事keepondoingsth.继续做某事14.minddoingsth.介意做某事四、重点句子1.What’sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？★【解析】mattern.问题；事情，常用于句型What’sthematter(withsb.)中。用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。Ex.—What’sthematterwithyou?—Ihaveabadcold.其他类似表达还有：What’sthematterwithsb.?=What’sthetroublewithsb.?=What’swrongwithsb.?matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the()【2017湖北孝感】—_________?—IhaveaheadacheandIdon’tfeellikeeatinganything. A.Howareyou B.WhatcanIdoforyou C.What’sthematterwithyou D.Howdoyoulikeit【拓展】matter可作不及物动词，意为“要紧；有关系”常见用法：Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）()【2017湖北武汉】—I’mverysorry.Ibrokeyourteacup. —__________. A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.You’dbetternotC.TakeiteasyD.It’stoobad2.Ihaveacold.我感冒了。Ihaveastomachache.我患胃痛。Ihaveasoreback.我背痛。【解析1】haveacold.受凉;感冒★havea/an+疾病名词“患……病”(cold/fever/cough)haveasorethroat患喉咙痛haveasoreback患背痛haveafever发烧haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveastomachache患胃痛haveatoothache患牙痛haveaheadache患头痛haveabackache患背痛()1.【2017曲靖中考】Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,becauseI_____atoothache. A.was B.went C.had D.took()2.【2017山东莱芜】—Tony,What’s___matterwithyou?—Ihave_____toothache.A.a;the B.the;a C./;the D.the;/【解析2】backn背；背部atthebackof......在......的后面★go/comeback返回giveback归还3.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。【解析1】toomuch/toomany/muchtoo★★短语含义用法例句toomuch太多后接不可数名词Thereistoomuchrainthesedays修饰动词，放在动词之后WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.toomany太多后接可数名词复数Therearetoomanythingsformetodoeveryday.muchtoo太修饰形容词或副词It’smuchtoocoldinwinter.()1.Mr.Smitheats______food,sohe’s_____fat.A.muchtoo;toomuch B.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;toomuch D.toomuch;muchtoo()2.【2017孝感】—Whyareyousotiredthesedays?—Well,Ihave________homeworktodo. A.toomuch B.toomany C.muchtoo D.manytoo【解析2】enough的用法★(1)adj.足够的，充分的修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后Ex.enoughtime(2)adv.“足够地，十分，相当”修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv后Ex.expensiveenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosth.Ex.bestrongenoughtocarrythebox.()1.Theboyisn’t___todresshimself.A.oldenough B.enoughold C.old()2.—WhatdoyouthinkofthelectureofLiYang’sCrazyEnglish?—Ithinkit’s_____,butsomeonethinksit’smuchtoo_____.A.wonderfulenough;bored B.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boring D.enoughwonderful;bored4.Youneedtotakebreakawayfromthecomputer.你需要远离电脑，休息休息。【解析】need在此处作实义动词，意为“需要”，后可接名词、代词、动名词及带to的动词不定式作宾语。need作实义动词用法：★(1)needsth.需要某物;Ex.Ineedyourhelp.(2)人做主语:sb.needtodosth.某人需要做某事 Ex.Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?(3)物做主语:sth.needdoingsth.=sth.needtobedone Ex.MyTVsetneedsrepairing.1.Ineedtocome(come)totheofficequicklybecausesomeworkneedfinishing(finish)atonce.()2.Davidneeds______agoodrest.A.has B.tohave C.have D.having【拓展】need作情态动词，意为“需要，必须”，无人称和数的变化，否定式为needn’t,后面一般接动作原形。★★★NeedIfinishtheworktoday?我需要今天完成这项工作吗？Yes,youneed./No,youneedn’t.是的，你必须。/不，你不必。5.At9:00a.m.yesterday,busNo.26wasgoingalongZhonghuaRoadwhenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.昨天上午9:00,26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。【解析】see（saw,seen）v.看见seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）()1.【2017四川雅安市】Andyprefers_____booksto____TV.A.reading;watchingB.read;watch C.looking;seeing D.look;see()2.【2017湖北黄石】Seeingtheirteacher___intotheclassroom,theystopped___atonce.A.walk;telling B.entering;tospeak C.enter;totell D.walking;talking6.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.但令他吃惊的是,所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。【解析1】surprise★(1)v.使吃惊→surprisingadj.令人吃惊的→surprisedadj.吃惊的surprisesb.使某人吃惊Ex.Thebadnewssurprisedme.besurprisedat对……感到吃惊besurprisedtodosth.做某事而感到惊讶(2)n.惊讶常见搭配有：toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地1.Tomysurprise(使我吃惊的是），hegotthefirstprizeintheexam.2.Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.(surprise)()3.___hissurprise,shesucceededinclimbingupthehighmountain.A.At B.To C.In D.On()4.【2017山东东营4】Thefanswere____toknowthedeathoftheirfavoritesingingstar.A.glad B.angry C.excited D.surprised【解析2】agreev.→(反)disagreeagreementn.同意★(1)agreewithsb.同意某人Ex.Iagreewithyou.(2)agreetodosth.同意做某事1.—Doyouagreewithhim?—No,Idon’tagree(agree)withhim.()2.—IthinkEnglishismoreusefulthanChinese.—Idon’t____you.Theyarebothuseful.A.getonwith B.catchupwith C.talkwith D.agreewith7. Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。【解析】beusedto(doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）★★【用法】(1)usev.使用→usefuladj.有用的常用词组：useup用完(2)usesth.todosth.用某物做某事Ex.WeuseInternettofind(find)information.(3)usedtodosth.过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。Ex.Iusedtogetupatsix.(4)be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Ex.Mygrandpaisusedtoliving(live)incountry.(5)beusedtodosth.被用来做某事=beusedfordoingsth.Ex.Stampsareusedtopost(post)letters.【记】Heusedtowearglasses.Butnowheisusedtowearingcontactlenses.他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。()【2017湖北随州】—HowdoesJackusuallygotowork?—He______driveacar,butnowhe______theretoloseweight.A.usedto;isusedtowalk B.wasusedto;isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalkD.usedto;isusedtowalking8.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后，他用左手给自己绑上绷带，以至于不流太多的血。★【解析】sothat以便，为了…引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词may/might.can/could等Ex.Theboyspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)()【2017广东河源】Theteacherspeaksveryloudly____allthestudentscanhearher.A.sothat B.because C.since D.when9.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.他是如此的热爱爬山以至于经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续爬山。★【解析1】so…that如此…..以至……“so+adj.+that”“如此……以至……”引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词Ex.Hewassostrongthathecouldlifttheheavybag.()【2017江苏镇江】Somewordpuzzlesinthisbookare____difficultthat____studentscansolvethem.A.such;few B.such;little C.so;few D.so;little【解析2】keepon(doingsth.)继续或坚持做某事,但是中间有间断Wemustkeeponworkinghardinthecomingnewyear.10.Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecision,andofbeingincontrolofone’slife.在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。【解析1】importantadj.重要的（反）unimportant→importancen重要性★Myparentshavetaughtmetheimportance(…..的重要性)ofworkinghard.【解析2】decidev.决定→-decisionn决定★(1)decidetodosth,=makeupone’smindtodosth.决定做某事(2)makeadecision做决定1.Tomdecidedtostudy(study)Englishwell.2.ThenextmorningAlicemadeadecision(decide).Shewouldtellhermotherthetruth.()3.【四川南充】Theclassroomwassodirty.Idecided____.A.cleanitup B.tocleanitup C.cleanupit五、重点语法1.情态动词should的用法(1)should是情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。shouldnot=shouldn’t不应该主语+should/shouldn’t+动词原形Youshouldliedownandrest.你应该躺下来休息一会儿。Youshouldn’tgooutatnight.你晚上不应该出去。Youshouldn’twatchTV.你不应该看电视。(2)should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?我应当给它敷上药吗？Shouldwetellheraboutit?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？()【2017山西】Acountryhasdreams.Weteenagers________alsohavedreams. A.may B.must C.should2.反身代词（1）反身代词的意义：表示反射或强调自己的代词叫反身代词，意为“自己，本身”；为加强语气，常译为“亲自”。（2）反身代词的构成：第一人称、第二人称的反身代词：形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves第三人称的反身代词：第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数：themselves（3）反身代词的用法①作宾语Ex.Hefelldownandhurthimself.他摔到了，伤了自己。Weshouldtakecareofourselves.我们应该照顾好我们自己。②作表语Ex.Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了。③作主语或宾语的同位语，加强语气Ex.SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.(主语同位语)Youmaygoandasktheteacherhimself.(宾语同位语)（4）反身代词常见搭配：enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学byoneself=alone独自helponeselfto随便吃introduceoneselfto自我介绍（5）注意：反身代词必须与人称保持一致。人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves()1.【浙江温州】—I’llhaveatennisgametomorrow.I’malittlebitnervous.—Believein______.You’rethebestinourclub.A.herself B.myself C.yourself D.himself()2.【2017山东聊城】—Jim,pleasehelp______tosomebread.—Thankyou.A.himselfB.yourselfC.herselfD.myself真题演练：()1.【2017江苏宿迁】Peterenjoyedathisbirthdaypartylastnight.A.he B.him C