新目标八年级下册英语 Unit 7 讲义

新目标八年级下册Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?讲义一、词性转换SectionA1. protect→(n.)protection2. wide→(最高级)widest3. achievement→(v.)achieve4.succeed→(adj.)successful5.challenge→(n.)challenge6.force→(v.)force7.thick→(反义词)thinSectionB1.weigh→(n.)weight2.research→(pl.)researches3.keeper→(v.)keep4.awake→(v.)wake5.excitement→(adj.)exciting/excited6.remaining→(v.)remain二、短语归纳1.asbigas与……一样大2.oneoftheoldestcountries最古老的国家之一3.feelfreetodosth.随意地做某事4.asfarasIknow据我所知5.man-madeobjects人造物体6.inthefuture将来7.anyothermountain其他任何一座山8.runalong跨越……9.freezingweather寒冷的天气10.takein呼入;吞入(体内)11.inthefaceofdifficulties面临危险12.giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事13.achieveone’sdream实现某人的梦想14.theforcesofnature自然界的力量15.reachthetop到达顶峰16.eventhough虽然;即使17.atbirth出生时18.beawake醒着19.runoverwithexcitement兴奋地跑过去20.walkintosb.走路时撞到某人21.fallover绊倒22.everytwoyears每两年23.cutdowntheforests砍伐林木24.endangeredanimals濒危动物25.beindanger处于危险之中26.theimportanceofsavingtheseanimals拯救这些动物的重要性27.fivesquarekilometersinsize面积五平方千米28.thickclouds浓云29.challengeoneself挑战自我thefirstpeopletosucceed最先成功的人31.riskone’slife冒着生命危险句型集萃1.feelfreetoasksb.sth.on…就……随意问某人问题2.oneof+最高级+可数名词复数最……之一3.What’sthe+最高级+intheworld?界上最……的Howhighis….……有多高protect…from/against保护……使不受……影响succeedindoingsth.成功做某事spend...doing…花费……做某事Therebesb./sth.doing有某人/某物正在做某事teachsb.aboutsth.教某人有关……的东西sendsb.todosth.派某人去做某事四、重点句子1.…about9,600,000squarekilometersinsize.大小约9,6000,0000平方公里。【解析1】square★(1)adj.“平方米”，用于数字后表面积。Ex.anareaof95squaremeters95平方米的面积(2)n.正方形；广场Ex.Manyoldpeoplelikedancingonthesquareaftersupper.【解析2】数字读法：★★8844.43米高8,844.43metershigh 1025米深1,025metersdeep英语数字中的单位有：百：hundred 千：thousand 百万：million十亿：billion百位和十位或个位之间有and,若读数中无hundred,则在thousand后加and练习：下列数字如何表达？一万tenthousand十万onehundredthousand 一千万tenmillion一亿onehundredmillion10001tenthousandandone 134,520,012onehundredandthirtyfourmillionfivehundredandtwentythousandandtwelve2.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。★★【解析】population是一个集合名词，意为“人口”。用法：(1)population常与定冠词the连用，作主语且强度整体人口时，谓语动词一般用单数，Ex.Thepopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.人口增长得越来越快。(2)当主语时“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。Ex.Threequartersofthepopulationareworkers.四分之三的人口是工人。(3)表示人口的“多”或“少”时,用"large"或"small"Ex.ThepopulationofChinaisverylarge.中国人口众多。(4)询问某国、某地有多少人口时,用"Howlarge...?"。Ex.Howlargeisthepopulationofyourhometown?你们家乡有多少人口?(5)提问有多少人口，常用“whatisthepopulationof…?”Ex.WhatisthepopulationofCanada?加拿大的人口有多少?(6)表示“某地有多少人口”时，常用“…hasapopulationof…”句型。Ex.Indiahasapopulationofmorethanonebillion.印度有十亿多人口。()1.TheexpertsthinkthatIndia’spopulationmaybethanChina’s2017.A.much;by B.more;in C.larger;by D.larger;on()2.【2017湖北荆州3】Theword’spopulationisgrowing____andthereis_____landandwaterforgrowingrice.A.more;less B.larger;fewer C.larger;lessD.more;fewer()3.【湖南衡阳1】—_____thepopulationofChina?—It’sabout1.3billion.A.What’s B.HowmanyisC.Howmuchis3.Howlongisthewall?长城有多长？★【解析】howlong多长；多久用法：(1)对长度提问Ex.—Howlongisthetable?桌子有多长？—About1.2meters.大约1.2米长。(2)对时间提问，常用for或since引导的时间状语来回答。Ex.—Howlongdoesittakeyoutodoyourhomeworkintheevening?晚上做作业要花多长时间？Fortwohours.两个小时()1.【2017上海2】—_______haveyoubeeninthesportsclub?—SincethefirstmonthIcametotheschool.A.Howold B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howsoon()2.【2017湖北孝感3】—______haveyoubeenmarried?—FortwentyyearsA.Howfar B.howoften C.howlong D.howsoon4.Themainreasonwastoprotecttheirpartofthecountry.★★主要的原因是保卫自己的国家。【解析】protectv.“保护”Ex.Weshouldprotectchildren.用法：protectsb./sth.fromsth./doingsth.保护某人/某物使其不受……Ex.Protectyoureyesfromthesun.不要让阳光伤害你的眼睛。Weshouldprotectourselvesfrombeinghurt.我们应当保护自己不受伤害。()1.Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.()2.Thesunglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.(保护)()3.Thesunglassescanprotectyoureyesfromhurtingbythesunlight.(伤害)5.Asyoucansee,it’squitetallandwide.★正如你所看到的，长城非常高，也非常宽广。【解析】as(1)conj.像……一样，正如（用来引导状语从句）Ex.Iwassurprisedasheopenedthedoor.(2)prep.作为Ex.Igetjobasateacher.()1.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tagreetokeepacat___apetbecauseshehatescats.(2017本溪5)A.for B.on C.as D.with()2.We’llhavedinneratQianxilongRestaurant,whichisfamous____itsfood.(2017山东聊城4)A.of B.to C.for D.as6.Oneoftheword’smostdangeroussportsismountainclimbing.★★登山是世界上最危险的运动之一.【解析】oneof+the+最高级+可数名词复数：“最…的…之一”。Ex.尼罗河是世界最长的河流之一。TheNileisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.Jenny是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。Jennyisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.()1.【2017曲靖中考】Agoodbookmaybeoneofyourbestfriends(friend).()2.【2017曲靖中考】Qujingisoneof____citiesinYunnan,andhasattractedmanypeoplelivingandworkinghere.A.thelargest B.thelarge C.larger D.largest()3.【重庆市2017】－Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmyousawyesterday?－Oh!It’soneof______filmsI’veeverseen.A.interestingB.moreinteresting C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting7.Itisalsoveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetop.★并且越接近顶部呼吸越困难。【解析】takein吸入；吞入（体内）【拓展】与take相关的词组：takeafter（外貌）相像takeaway拿开takedown写下，记下takein吸收，吸纳takeoff起飞；脱下takeiteasy别紧张taketo喜欢，开始从事takepictures照相takecareof照顾，照料()【2017江苏常州】—Whyhaveyougotsomuchwaterhere?—Fortheworkers.Aftertheyfinishthetoughhike,theyneedto____lotsofwater.A.keepoffB.giveout C.takein D.putup8.ThefirstChineseteamdidsoin1960,whilethefirstwomantosucceedwasJunkoTabeifromJapanin1975.★1960年第一支中国登山队登上了顶峰，1975年日本的田部井淳子成为第一个成功登上顶峰的女子。【解析】success,succeed,successful和successfully的辨析:(1)success：名词，意为“成功”(2)succeed：不及物动词，后常接indoingsth.succeedinsth.“在某事上取得成功”；succeedindoingsth.“成功做某事”。(3)successful:形容词，意为“成功的”。(4)successfully:副词，意为“成功地”。选词填空：succeeded,successful,successfully1.Shesucceededinpassingtheexam.她成功的通过了考试。2.Theperformancewassuccessful.演出很成功。3.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.我成功地完成了训练。9.Oneofthemainreasonsisbecausepeoplewanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.最主要的原因之一是因为人们在面临困难的时候想挑战自我。★★【解析】challengev./n.挑战用法：challengesb.tosth.向某人挑战Ex.Hechallengedmetoarace.他向我挑战赛跑。challengesb.todosth.向某人挑战……Ex.Lilychallengeshimtoplaythetennis.1.Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.2.Theirschoolchallengedourstoplayanotherbasketballmatch.(play)10.Italsoshowsthathumanscansometimesbestrongerthantheforcesofnature.★它还告诉我们，人类有时候比自然的力量更强大。【解析】force(1)n.力量；theforcesof……….的力量Ex.Theforceofhumanisgreat.人类的力量是强大的。②V.迫使；强迫forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事Ex.Nobodycanforcemetodoanything.没有人能强迫我做任何事。11.Theelephantweightsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.★★这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。【解析】time(1)“是......的几倍”主语+数词+times+as+形容词+as+被比较的内容Ex.Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldone.(2)“次数”一次once两次twice三次及三次以上：基数词+times()Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlisten_____wespeak.2017浙江杭州2A.astwicemuchasB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchastwiceD.asmuchtwiceas12.Thebabyoftendiefromillnessanddonotliveverylong.★★熊猫幼崽常死于疾病，并且活不久。【解析】diev.死亡→deathn.死，死亡→deadadj.死的→dyingadj.将死的【拓展】常见搭配：(1)diefrom…“死于……”，宾语表示死亡原因。当表示因病而死时，可与dieof通用；常用于由于外部创伤或间接原因致死，如衰弱，饮食过度，劳累或不明原因死亡。Ex.Hediedfromacaraccident/awound/disease/overwork/pollutedair.他死于事故/受伤/疾病/过度劳累/污染的空气。(2)dieof…“死于……”，主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因造成死亡。Ex.Hisgrandfatherdiedoflivercancerin1992.他的爷爷于1992年死于肝癌。(3)dieout“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹”Ex.Dinosaursdiedout65millionyearsago.恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了()1.【2017曲靖中考】—ThenationalheroWuBin,abusdriver,hardlyhadtimetothinkabouthimselfwhenindanger.—Yes,His____isstartingtomakepeoplethinkalot.A.die B.death C.dead D.died()2.Hedied___thetrafficaccidentlastweek.A.of B.from C.with D.for()3.【2017湖北荆州】—DoyouknowthatMr.Zhangpassed____lastweek.—Yes.Hedied____illness.A.away;of B.on;from C.by;with D.off;as五、重点语法形容词及副词的最高级用法一、形容词副词变最高级变化规则：1.一般在词尾直接est;long-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加st;nice-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加est;heavy-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加est;big-biggest5.多音节词，在前面加themost;beautiful-themostbeautiful6.不规则变化，我们应该牢记。原级最高级good/wellbestmany/muchmostlittleleastoldold/eldestbad/badly/illworstfarfarthest/furthest二、形容词最高级的标志词（1）标志词the：形容词最高级前面通常会带有定冠词the。Ex.Thebluedressisthemostexpensiveofall.那件蓝色的裙子是最贵的。但最高级前若有序数词、物主代词等修饰时不加定冠词the.Ex.他是我最好的朋友。Heismybestfriend.（2）标志词in：in表示“在……之内”。表示的比较范围被看做是一个整体，其后常接表示单位、团体、组织、时间等概念的名词或代词。Ex.Sheisthetallestinherclass.在她班上，她是最高的。（3）标志词of：of表示“属性”，表示比较对象被看成逐个的个体，常有两种结构：①ofall/the/one’s+名词复数。Ex.Thisisthecheapestofall.②ofthe+基数词/名词复数Ex.Sheisthetallestofthethree.练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Mysister’sEnglishisworse(bad)thanmine.2.Mymotheristhebusiest(busy)inmyfamily.3.LiMingisoneoftallest(tall)boysinourclass.4.Whichdoyoulikebestwell),Chinese,English,orMath?5.Maryisoneofthemostcreative(creative)writersinthecity.6.Sheiseldest(old)ofusall.7.Englishismoreimportant(important)thanmath.8.Whichcomputeristheworst(bad)ofthethree?三、最高级常用句式形容词最高级基本句式：主语+谓语+the+最高级+比较范围。（1）表达“第几……长、大、远”，一般用：主语+be+the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语。Ex.黄河是中国的第二长河。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（2）在表达“最……的……之一”时，一般用：oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语。Ex.重庆是我们国家最大的城市之一。Chongqingisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.（3）“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,A,BorC?”Ex.太阳、月亮和地球那一个最大？Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?四、形容词最高级与比较级的互换最高级句式：the+最高级+of/in短语=比较级句式：比较级+thananyother+单数名词Ex.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.=ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.【注意】（1）表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有比较级和最高级．（2）as…as中间用形容词或副词原形，表示同级比较。Ex.SheisastallasLily.她和Lily一样高。六、真题演练()1.【2017襄阳】Whorun_____ofallinthesportsmeeting?A.fast B.faster C.thefastest D.morefast()2.【2017广东】—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm? —Wonderful!Ithinkit’s_________thantheotherfilmsinrecentyears.A.thebest B.theworst C.muchbetter D.muchworse()3.【2017上海】Thevolunteerspokeas______asshecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A.clearly B.moreclearly C.mostclearly D.themostclearly()4.【2017雅安】—Whichmonthhas______daysinayear?—February. A.few B.little C.theleast D.thefewest()5.【2017浙江】It’smuch______tohaveasmalllovelyroomthanabigcoldone.A.good B.well C.better D.best()6.【2017兰州】Ifthereare_____peopledriving,therewillbe______airpollution.A.less,less B.less,fewer C.fewer,fewer D.fewer,less()7.【2017黄石】Iamgoodatmath,buthisEnglishis________thanmine.A.muchbetter B.morebetter C.verybetter D.prettybetter()8.【2017盐城】Thereisn’tanairportnearwhereIlive.The_______oneisabout90milesaway.A.busiest B.farthest C.newest D