新目标八年级下册英语 Unit 10 讲义

新目标八年级下册Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.讲义重点单词1.yard

n.

院子

2.sweet

adj.

甜蜜的;

甜的;

含糖的

3.memory

n.

记忆;

回忆

4.cent

n.

分;

分币

5.bear

n.

熊

6.maker

n.

生产者;

制订者7.scarf

n.

围巾;

披巾;

头巾

8.soft

adj.

软的;

柔软的

9.check

v.

&

n.

检查;

审查

10.board

n.

板;

木板

11.junior

adj.

地位（或职位、级别）低下的12.bedroom

n.

卧室13.own

v.

拥有;

有

14.railway

n.

铁路;

铁道15.certain

adj.

某种;

某事;

某人16.while

n.

一段时间;

一会儿

17.truthful

adj.

诚实的;

真实的

hometown

n.

家乡;

故乡

nowadays

adv.

现今;

现在;

目前

search

v.

&

n.

搜索;

搜查

among

prep.

在（其）中;

......之一

crayon

n.

彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔）

shame

n.

羞耻;

羞愧;

惭愧

regard

v.将......认为;

把......视为

count

v.

数数

century

n.

百年;

世纪opposite

prep.;与......相对;

在......对面adj.

对面的;

另一边的

especially

adv.

尤其;

特别;

格外

childhood

n.

童年;

幼年

consider

v.

注视;

仔细考虑

hold

v.

(held,

held)

拥有;

抓住二、短语归纳1.

how

long多久

2.

have

a

yard

sale

举行庭院销售

3.

give

away捐赠

4.

not..anymore不在

5.

welcome

to

..欢迎到……

6.

a

bit有点

7.

board

game

棋类游戏

8.

check

out查看，观察

9.

clear

out

收拾，整理

10.

a

lot

of许多

11.

a

bread

maker

面包机

12.

grow

up

长大

13.

no

longer

不在

14.

at

first

起初

15.

for

example例如

16.

a

train

and

railway

set一套轨道火车

17.

as

for至于。。

18.

give

up放弃

19.

to

be

honest

说实在的

20.

on

weekends在周末

21.

at

least至少

22.

once

or

twice

a

year

一年一两次

23.

millions

of

数百万的

24.

search

for寻找

25.

according

to

依据

26.

across

from

在……对面

27.

in

one’s

opinion

依

……来看

28.

in

order

to

为了三、句型集萃1.it’s

+adj+for

sb

+to

do

sth

对某人来说做某事是……的

2.

want

to

do

想要做某事

3.

love

doing

喜欢做某事

4.

decide

to

do

决定做某事

5.

have

been

in

+somewhere

曾在某地待了……

6.

hope

to

do

sth希望做某事

7.

one

of

the

+adj最高级+名词复数

8.

used

to

do

sth

过去常常做……

9.

need

to

do

需要做……

四、词汇、句型讲解及拓展1.

And

check

out

these

soft

toys

and

board

games

for

younger

kids.

看看给小孩们的这些毛绒玩具和棋盘游戏。

【解析】check

out

查看；观察

check

v.

检查

★★★You’d

better

check

out

your

engine.

你最好检查一下你的发动机。【拓展】check

out

还可为不及物动词短语，意为“结账离开”。check

out

也有“检查，核对”之意，但是强调查明真相，核对事实。在美式英语中常用check

upon。

2.

My

children

are

growing

up

fast

.我的孩子们成长的很快。

【解析】grow

up

成长

（常用于指人或动物）

★★★3.

So

we’ve

been

clearing

out

a

lot

of

things

from

our

bedroom

for

a

yard

sale.

所以，我们正从卧室里清理出许多东西来办一场庭院拍卖会。

【解析1】这是一个现在完成进行时的句子。现在完成进行时通常要和时间段连用，表示在某段时间内，某动作一直在进行，结构为“have/has

been+v-ing

+时间段”。

★★★例：The

workers

have

been

working

for

three

hours.

这些工人已经工作3个小时了。

【注意】如果对时间段提问，疑问短语用how

long。如对上面例句中的for短语进行提问：

How

long

have

the

workers

been

working?

这些工人工作多长时间了？

【解析2】clear

out

清理；把……清空

★★clean

up

清理；使整洁

例：I

decided

to

clear

out

all

the

old

shoes

that

we

never

wear.

我已经决定把我们从来不穿的旧鞋统统加以清除。【拓展】clear

out与clean

out

的用法区别★★★clear

out与clean

out这两个短语都有“使......干净”的意思，但实际意思是不同的，前者意为“使......被清除掉，使.....空出来”。而clean

out则是“使......清洁”之意。

例：I’ll

clear

out

that

closet

and

then

you

can

hang

your

clothes

in

there.

我会把衣橱腾出来，你就可以放衣服了。

Be

sure

to

clean

out

the

kitchen

when

you

finish

cooking.

做晚饭时，一定要把厨房收拾干净。4.We’ve

decided

to

each

sell

five

things

we

no

longer

use.

我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东西。

【解析1】decide

决定

★★★decide

v

决定→-decision

n

决定

(1)decide

to

do

sth=

make

up

one’s

mind

to

do

sth

决定做某事

(2)make

a

decision

做决定

My

mother

has

decided

_________(take)

me

to

acting

lessons.

答案：totake【解析2】no

longer

=

not

...

any

long

不再★★★no

longer

位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后；

not...any

longer常与助动词或情态动词连用，any

longer

位于句末。例.:

I

no

longer

live

in

this

city.

=

I

don’t

live

in

this

city

any

longer.

【拓展】

no

longer,

not

...

any

longer;

no

more

,

not...

any

more.

词语

同义词

用法

★★★no

longer

，not

...

any

longer

强调时间或动作“不再延续”

，与延续动词连用

no

more

，not

...

any

more

强调数量和程度“不再增加”

与非延续动词连用

例.:

He

can

no

longer

walk

=

He

can’t

walk

any

longer.

I

have

no

more

money

to

give

you.=

I

don’t

have

money

to

give

you

any

more.5.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩具。

【解析】own

拥有

★★own

v

拥有→owner

n

物主

of

one’s

own

某人自己的

the

owner

of

…

……的所有者

1.Who

is

the

____________(own)

of

the

bike?

2.I

want

to

see

it

with

_______(I)

own

eyes.答案：owner，my6.

And

he

didn’t

want

to

lose

the

toy

monkey

he’s

had

since

then,

并且他也不想失去自从他出生就拥有的那个玩具猴。

【解析】lose

(lost

,

lost)

失去

★★

I

hope

we

won’t

lose

the

competition.

我希望你不要输了这场比赛。7.

My

daughter

was

more

understanding

,

although

she

felt

sad

to

part

with

certain

toys.我女儿比较通情达理，尽管要失去某些玩具也让她感到难过。

【解析1】part

with

与……分开；失去（尤指舍不得的东西）★★

He

was

very

sorry

to

part

with

his

favorite

horses.

他卖掉他最喜欢的几匹马，心里很难过。【解析2】certain

★★(1).某种；某事；某人（在句中只能做定语，常与不定代词a连用，可修饰单、复数名词）

E.g.:

A

certain

person

called

on

me

yesterday.

(2).

adj.

确实的，无疑的

be

certain

of

对某事有把握

e.g.:

They

are

certain

of

success.

be

certain

to

do

sth

肯定做某事

e.g.:

He

is

certain

to

come.

be

certain

+that确信

e.g.:

I’m

certain

that

he’ll

come.

我确信他会来。8.As

for

me,

I

didn’t

want

to

give

up

my

football

shirts

,

but

,

to

be

honest

,

I

haven’t

played

for

a

whilenow.

对于我来说，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但说实话，现在我有段时间没踢足球了。

【解析1】as

for

至于；关于

（后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语）

★★★例：As

for

that

computer.

I’m

not

telling

you

anything.

至于说哪台电脑，我什么都不会告诉你。【解析2】

to

be

honest

=

to

tell

(you)

the

truth老实说；说实话

★★例：To

be

honest,

I

have

little

money.

老实说，我几乎没有钱。【拓展】honest

adj.

诚实的（反）dishonest

adj.

不诚实的

★★

例:

an

honest

boy

一个诚实的男孩

【注】honest

以元音音素开头，所以前面的定冠词要用an.

1.He

is

a

_________(honest)

boy.

We

all

don’t

like

him.

2.She

is

an

__________(honest)

girl.

We

all

like

her.

3.

Tom

likes

to

tell

lies,

he

is________(honest)

4.－I

hear

Michael

never

tells

a

lie.

－That's

right.

He

is

an

________

boy.

A.

active

B.

honest

C.

outgoing

答案：dishonest,honest,dishonest,B【解析3】for

a

while

一会儿

★★例:

She

likes

to

lie

down

for

a

while

after

lunch.

他喜欢在午餐后躺一会。9.

What

will

they

do

with

the

money

they

raise

from

the

sale?

他们要用卖东西筹集来的钱做什么？

【解析】do

with

处理；对付（某人或某物）

★★★

【拓展】do

with

处理

强调处理的对象，与what

连用

deal

with

处理

强调处理的方式、方法，与how

连用1.We

can’t

decide

what

will

happen

in

our

life,

but

we

can

decide

how

we

will_____it.

A.

agree

with

B.

begin

with

C.

deal

with

D.

come

up

with

2.—

____

do

you

____

your

broken

watch?

—

I

am

going

to

take

it

to

the

watchmaker’s

.

A.

How;

do

with

B.

What;

deal

with

C.

How;

deal

with

D.

What;

did

with

五、语法归纳现在完成时★★★1、概念：①一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在并有可能持续到将来。②表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2、结构：have/has+过去分词have/hasbeen+过去分词3、句型：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他e.g.Thecarhasarrived.否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他e.g.Thecarhasn’tarrived一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他e.g.Hasthecararrived?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他e.g.Whenhasthecararrived?4、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。常见的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+过去的某个点时间，例如：Eddie

has

lived

with

Millie

since

he

was

born.

for和since的区别)since用来说明动作的起始时间，即从某时间点开始；since

可作介词，后接时间点，也可用作连词，后接从句，表示某个动作或情况从过去某一时间点一直持续到现在，从句用一般过去时。I

have

lived

here

since

ten

years

ago．我10年前就住在这儿。

I

haven’t

seen

him

since

I

came

back.

自从我回来就没见过他。for用来说明动作的延续时间，即多长时间，后接时间段。for

作介词，后接时间段，表示“某个动作持续了多久；

I

have

lived

here

for

more

than

ten

years．我住在这儿10多年了。

Mr

Smith

hasn’t

come

to

China

for

three

years.

史密斯先生三年没来中国了。2.)

since具体有四种用法：

(1)since+过去某时间点，这里时间点指具体的年、月、日、星期、小时

等。如：

He

has

been

here

since

1999．他自1999年以来一直在这儿。

since+一段时间+ago表示“自„„时间前开始至今”。如：

He

has

been

here

since

five

years

ago．他在这儿已有5年了。

(3).

Since

+一般过去时从句

Many

things

have

changed

since

you

left.

你走后许多事情发生了变化。

(4)It

is／has

been+一段时间+since从句如：

It

is

two

years

since

I

came

here．It

has

been

two

years

since

I

came

here．我来这儿2年了。

用for或者since填空：

She

has

been

ill

________

more

than

to

two

weeks.

2.

I

haven’t

met

him

__________

a

long

time.

3.

Mary

has

been

here

___________

eight

o’clock

this

morning.

4.

It

hasn’t

rained

____________

two

months

ago.

5.

They

have

been

my

friends

_________I

was

a

child.答案：for,for,since,since,since延续性动词和非延续性动词1）、延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法：

（1）非延续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用。

He

joined

the

league

3

years

ago.

他入团3年了。（他3年前入的团）

（2）用“It

is/has

been

+

时间段+since…”句型。

It

is/has

been

3

years

since

I

bought

the

book.这本书我买了3年了。（从买这本书到现在3年了）

（3）用相应的延续性动词代替非延续性动词，句子用现在完成时，时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since+过去时间点”“since+过去时的从句”“since+一段时间+ago”。

The

old

man

died

4

years

ago.=The

old

man

has

been

dead

for

4

years.

I

borrowed

the

books

5

days

ago.=I

have

kept

the

book

since

5

day

ago.

2）.现在完成时态中延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换：

（1）非延续性动词也称为终止性动词、瞬间性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open，die，close，begin，finish，come，go，leave，move，buy，borrow，lend等等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two

years

ago，at

5

o’clock，last

week等。

如：I

lent

my

dictionary

to

her

yesterday.昨天我把词典借给她了。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn，study，work，live，know，walk，lie，keep，wait，watch，read，sleep，stay，sing，dance等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语：“for+时间段”“since+过去时间点”“since+过去时的从句”“since+一段时间+ago”，how

long等连用。

3）.非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换：

（1）转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态。

borrow—keep

buy—have

catch

a

cold—have

a

cold

put

on—wear

get

to

know—know

go

to

sleep—sleep

(2)转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”。

begin/start—be

on

go

out—be

out

get

to/arrive/reach—be

(in)

die—be

dead

open—be

open

leave—be

away

finish—be

over

fall

ill—be

ill

get

up—be

close—be

close

become—be

fall

asleep—be

asleep

join—be

in/be

a

member

of

go

to

bed—be

in

bedgo

to

school—be

in

school

make

friends—be

friends

come/go—be+相应的介词短语真题演练：1.【2017河北】Don’t

return

the

video

to

Peter,

I

______it.

A.don’t

watch

B.

won’t

watch

C.

haven’t

watched

D.

wasn’t

watch

2.

【2017广东】一Your

shoes

are

so

old.

Why

don’t

you

buy

a

new

pair?

一Because

I

______

all

my

money

on

an

MP5.

A.

spend

B.

have

spent

C.

am

spending

D.

was

spending

3.【2017江苏宿迁】---Excuse

me,

is

Mr

Green

in

the

office?

---No.

He

_____

Singapore

for

a

meeting.

He

will

be

back

in

a

few

days.

A.

have

gone

to

B.

has

gone

to

C.

have

been

to

D.

has

been

to

4.【2017江苏连云港】Julie's

father_______

to

London

last

month.

He

________

there

three

times.

A.

went;

had

gone

B.

has

gone:

has

been

C.

went;

has

been

D.

has

been;

had

gone

5.【2017江苏常州】---Why

are

you

worried?

---

I’m

expecting

a

call

from

my

daughter.

She

______

New

York

for

three

years.

A

.has

gone

to

B

.has

been

to

C.

has

been

in

D.

has

come

in

6.【2017山东济南】—How

long

has

Robert

___________?

—Since

2004.

A.

been

to

Beijing

B.

become

a

policeman

C.

joined

the

art

club

D.

studied

in

this

school

7.【2017山东青岛】The

astronaut

is

so

tired

that

he

____

for

eleven

hours.

A.

has

been

asleep

B.

has

fallen

asleep

C.

has

gone

to

bed

D.

has

gone

to

sleep

8.【2017湖北孝感】—I’d

like

you

to

tell

me

something

about

Shen

Nongjia.

—I’m