《计算机专业英语》课件 Unit 5 Computer Network

Lesson1ComputerNetworkBasicsLesson2ComputerNetworkSecurityLesson3TranslateandExplainEnglishPromptsandCommandsinNetworkDeviceConfigurationUnit5ComputerNetwork358Lesson1ComputerNetworkBasicsStartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask359StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3601.Whatarethemaindevicesinacomputernetwork?Usethewordsfromtheboxandcompletethefollowingblanks.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3612.Readthefollowingarticleanddiscussthetopicwithyourpartner.Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask362WhatIsaComputerNetwork?Acomputernetworkisasystemthatlinksmultipledevicestogethertotransmitdataandshareresources.Terminaldevicesconnecttorouters,switches,access

points(APs),etc.toaccessnetworkservices.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask363Therearevariousclassificationsofcomputernetworks.Intermsofcoveragearea,networkscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingthreetypes.LANs(localareanetworks)providecommunicationwithinalimitedarealikeaschooloracompany,offeringhighspeedandlowlatency.WANs(wideareanetworks)coverlargerareasandconnectanorganization’sLANstotheInternet.MANs(metropolitanareanetworks)coveracityandareoftenusedbyorganizationsneedingtolinkbrancheswithinthecity.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask364Dependingontopology,networkscanbecategorizedintobus,star,andringnetworks.Atopologyreferstothewaydevicesareconnectedinanetwork.Inabustopology,alldevicesareconnectedtoasharedcablecalledthebus.Inastartopology,acentralnode(usuallyaswitchorahub)connectsdifferentdevicessimultaneously.Inaringtopology,computersareconnectedinaringbycable.Beyondthesethree,therearealsoothercommontypeslikemeshtopologyandtreetopology,eachwithdistinctdeviceconnectionpatterns.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask365Networkscanalsobeclassifiedaccordingtotransmissionmedia.Wirednetworksusewiredtransmissionmediafordatatransmission,suchascoaxialcablesandopticalfibers.Inwirelessnetworks,suchasWi-FiandBluetooth,dataistransmittedintheairthroughwirelesselectromagneticwavesignals.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3663.Fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhavelearnedaboutinthearticle.Thefirstlettersofthewordshavebeengiven.1)AL

coversthesmallestarea,likeahomeorofficebuilding.2)ComparedtoL

,W

havehigherlatencyduetolongerdistances.3)Thethreemainnetworktopologiesarebus,star,andr

.4)W

networksusewiredtransmissionmedialikecoaxialcablesandopticalfibers,whilew

networkstransmitdatathroughwirelesssignals.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3674.Fillintheblankswiththecorrecttopologynames.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3681.WhatisthebasicprincipleofWi-Fi?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3692.Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswiththegivensentences.LiHuaandhisfriendWangNanwhomajoredinNetworkEngineeringaretalkingaboutWi-Fi.(L=LiHua,W=WangNan)L:Hey,WangNan!I’vebeenfrustratedwithmyWi-Fibeingslowlately,doyouhaveanysuggestions?W:Sure.Firstofall,Wi-Fitransmitssignalsusingelectromagneticwaves.1)

Youmayconsiderplacingyourrouterinanopen,centralareainyourhouse.L:Oh,I’llhaveacheck.W:Additionally,2)

Wi-Fioperatesonboth2.4GHzand5GHzfrequencybands.Appliancesthatusethe2.4GHzband,likemicrowaveovens,willinterferewiththeWi-Fisignal.Youcouldtryswitchingyourroutertothe5GHzbandthroughyourrouter’ssettings.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask370L:Okay,I’llgiveitashot.Bytheway,3)W:Thatcouldbeapossiblereason.OlderrouterssupportmorebasicstandardslikeWi-Fi5.However,Wi-Fi6usesOFDMA(orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultipleaccess)toletmultipledevicessharethesamechannelmoreefficiently.Itoffershigherspeed,lowerlatency,andbetteranti-interferenceabilitythanWi-Fi5.L:Thatsoundsgreat!4)StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask371W:Wi-Fi7representsthemostadvancedlevelofwirelesscommunication.Itnotonlysupportsseamless8KUltraHD(超高清)videostreamingbutalsooffersultra-lowlatencyforonlinegaming.L:Wow,sowhichstandarddoyouthinkisbetterforme?W:Itdependsonyourneeds.5)

itsproductscostmorethanWi-Fi6.Butifyouneedhighspeed,lowlatency,Wi-Fi7isworthconsidering.L:Isee.Thankyousomuch!W:Mypleasure.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3723.Learnaboutthelanguage.1)Appliancesthatusethe2.4GHzband,likemicrowaveovens,willinterferewiththeWi-Fisignal.使用2.4GHz频段的电器，如微波炉，会干扰Wi-Fi信号。本句是定语从句，“Appliances”是主语，“thatusethe2.4GHzband”是修饰主语的定语从句，意为“使用2.4GHz频段的电器”。“likemicrowaveovens”是插入语，用于举例说明有哪些电器使用2.4GHz频段。StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3732)Itnotonlysupportsseamless8KUltraHD(超高清)videostreamingbutalsooffersultra-lowlatencyforonlinegaming.它不仅支持无缝的8K（超高清）视频流传输，还为在线游戏提供了超低的时延。本句用“notonly…butalso…”连接两个并列的部分，表示“不仅……而且……”，连接谓语时，谓语动词的形式根据主语来确定；连接主语时，谓语动词的形式根据“就近原则”来确定。3)Itdependsonyourneeds.这取决于你的需求。dependon…:

依赖……；取决于……。StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask374StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3751.Whatarethecommoncomputernetworkprotocols?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3762.Readthefollowingarticleandsharethekeyinformationwithyourpartner.Protocol—TheLanguageofComputerNetworksAstheessentialrulesthattelldeviceshowtoexchangedata,protocolsdefinethesyntax(语法),semantics(语义),andsynchronization(同步)ofdatatransmission.OneofthemostimportantframeworksforunderstandingnetworkprotocolsistheTCP/IPmodel.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask377TheTCP/IPmodelisthebackboneofcomputernetworks.Itconsistsoffivelayers:thephysicallayer,datalinklayer,networklayer,transportlayer,andapplicationlayer.Whilethemodelhasfivelayers,thefollowingdiscussionwillfocusonthreeofthemostessentialtoapplicationfunctionality:thenetworklayer,transportlayer,andapplicationlayer.Inthenetworklayer,IP(internetprotocol)assignseverydeviceauniqueIPaddresstoidentifyitselfandisresponsibleforaddressingandroutingdatagramstothedestination.However,IPdoesnotcheckforerrorsorfixlostdata.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask378Theconnection-orientedtransportlayerprotocolTCP(transmissioncontrolprotocol),onthecontrary,focusesonreliabletransmissionbyestablishingconnectionsbetweenthesenderandthereceiver.Itbreaksdataintosegments,sendsthemandwaitsforacknowledgements.Onceapacketislost,TCPretransmitsit,guaranteeingdataintegrity.UDP(userdatagramprotocol)isanotherprotocolinthetransportlayer.SinceUDPisaconnectionlessprotocol,itdoesnotofferthesamereliabilityasTCPbuthashigherspeed.It’ssuitableforapplicationslikereal-timevideowherespeedmattersmorethanperfectdatadelivery.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask379Therearealsoprotocolsintheapplicationlayerthatprovideinterfacestoapplications.Forexample,whenyoutypeawebsiteaddressintoyourbrowser,HTTP(hypertexttransferprotocol)isusedtorequestandloadthewebpagefromtheservertotheclient.AmoresecureversionofHTTP,knownasHTTPS(hypertexttransferprotocolsecure),encryptsthedatatoprotectusers’privacyandsecurity.FTP(filetransferprotocol)allowsuserstouploadordownloadfilesbetweencomputersoveranetwork.SMTP(simplemailtransferprotocol)istheprotocolusedtosendemails.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask380TheDNS(domainnamesystem)protocoltranslateshuman-readabledomainnamesintomachine-readableIPaddresses,makingiteasierforpeopletoaccessnetworkresources.Inshort,protocolsworktogethertokeepcommunicationfast,safe,andreliable.Withoutthem,theinternetwouldn’tfunction.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3813.Choosethebestanswerfromthefouroptions.1)WhatdoesIPmainlydoincomputernetworks?A.Ensurereliabledatatransmission.B.Addressandroutedatagrams.C.Transferfilesbetweensystems.D.Requestandreceivewebpages.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3822)Whichprotocolisusedtoestablishareliableconnectionbeforesendingdata?A.UDP.B.HTTP.C.TCP.D.FTP.3)HowdoesTCPguaranteedataintegrity?A.Bysendingdataasawhole.B.Byignoringlostpackets.C.Bybreakingdataintosegmentsandretransmittinglostones.D.OnlybyworkingwithIPtofindthebestroute.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3834)Whichprotocolisusedtosecurelyloadawebpagefromaserver?A.HTTP.B.FTP.C.SMTP.D.HTTPS.5)WhatisthefunctionofDNS?A.Torequestandreceivewebpages.B.TotranslatedomainnamesintoIPaddresses.C.Totransferfiles.D.Tobreakdataintosegments.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3841.Readthefollowingarticleanddiscusswithyourpartner.TheGlobalCrisis—IPv4AddressDepletionAsweknow,thenumberofbitsofanIPv4addressisfixedat32,leadingtothelimitationofIPv4addressresources.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,theexplosion(爆发)oftheInternetusershasnearlyexhaustedtheIPv4addresspool.In2011,theInternetassignednumbersauthority(IANA)announcedthatthelastbatchofIPv4addresseshadbeenallocated.StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask385Althoughthenetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)protocoltemporarily(暂时地)fixedtheaddressshortage,bettersolutionswereurgentlyneeded.IPv6wasdesignedwith128-bitaddressesandprovidesatotalof3.4×1038uniqueIPaddresses—aquantitysufficienttosupportfuturenetworkexpansion.What’smore,ithasbuilt-ininternetprotocolsecurity(IPsec)forsecurity.IPv6isgraduallyreplacingIPv4becauseofitshugeaddressspaceandbetterqualityofservice(QoS).StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask386ChinaistakingaleadingpositioninthedevelopmentofIPv6intheworld.Thecountry’sthreemajortelecomprovidersnowfullysupportIPv6andhaveupgradedtheirnetworks.ChinesecompanieslikeHuaweiandZTEproducehigh-performanceIPv6routersusedworldwide.Nowadays,IPv6isdrivinginnovationandefficiencyinareasrangingfromtheinternetofthingstoindustrialmanufacturing.However,toachieveglobaltransitiontoIPv6,westillhavealongwaytogo.Let’sworktogethertoembracetheIPv6era!StartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3872.IfthenumberofIPv4addressesisequivalenttothevolumeofadropofwater,thenthenumberofIPv6addresseswouldbeequivalentto

.A.aglassofwaterB.atonofwaterC.allthewaterofQinghaiLakeD.allthewateronEarthStartingUpListeningandSpeakingReadingExtendedTask3883.WritedownyourunderstandingofIPv6andshareitwithallyourclassmates.(Hints:thedifferencesbetweenIPv6andIPv4;theadvantagesofIPv6;theapplicationfieldsofIPv6)Lesson2ComputerNetworkSecurityStartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask389StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3901.Whatarethecommonthreatstocomputernetworksecurity,andcanyounamesomespecificones?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3912.Readthefollowingarticleandtalkwithyourpartneraboutcomputernetworksecurity.ComputerNetworkSecurity:AnOverviewofCommonThreatsComputernetworksecuritymeansprotectingcomputernetworksystemsandtheirdatafrombeingaccessed,changed,destroyed,orrevealedwithoutpermission.Inmodernnetworksecurity,theCIAtriad—confidentiality,integrity,andavailability—helpsorganizationsprotecttheirdigitalassetsandkeepthetrustofusers.Thereareseveraltypesofnetworkthreatsthatcanharmnetworksecurity.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask392MalwareMalwareisdesignedtodamagecomputersystems,networks,orharmusers.Itincludesviruses,worms,trojanhorses,andothers.Avirusisaharmfulprogramthatspreadsbycopyingitselfintootherfilesorsoftware,justlikeabiologicalvirusinfectslivingcells.Awormisamaliciousprogramthatcanspreadbyitselfoveranetwork.Itcanuseupnetworkbandwidthandaffectnetworkperformance.Atrojanhorseismalwaredisguisedasnormalsoftwaretostealsensitiveuserdata.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask393PhishingPhishingisakindoftrickwhereattackerstrytogetyoutogiveawaysensitiveinformationlikepasswords,creditcardnumbers,orpersonaldetails.Theyusuallyusefakeemailsorwebsitesthatlookreal.DDoSAttackInaDDoS(distributeddenialofservice)attack,abotnetsendsafloodofrequeststoatargetsystem,overwhelmingitsresourcesanddenyinglegitimateusersaccess.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask394MitMAttackInanMitM(man-in-the-middle)attack,anattackersecretlyinterceptsandpotentiallyaltersthecommunicationbetweentwopartieswithouttheirknowledge.SQLInjectionAttackInanSQLinjectionattack,anattackerinsertsmaliciousSQLcodeintoadatabasequery.Thisallowsthemtoaccess,change,ordeletedatainthedatabase.Doyouknowofanyothernetworkthreats?StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3953.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectwordsorphrasesfromthearticle.1)Multiplesystemsfloodingatargetsystemwithtrafficandmakingitunavailabletousersischaracteristicofa

attack.2)Whenattackersusefakeemailsorwebsitesthatseemgenuinetotrickyouintogivingawayyourcreditcardnumbers,itisa

attack.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3963)Inan

attack,anattackersecretlyinterceptsandchangesthecommunicationbetweentwopartieswithoutthemrealizingit.4)IfanattackerinsertsmaliciousSQLcodeintoadatabasequerytoaccessormodifydatainit,thisisknownasan

attack.5)

isatypeofsoftwaredesignedtocauseharmtocomputersystems,networks,orusers.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3971.Howdoyouprotectagainstnetworksecuritythreats?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask3982.Fillintheblankswiththegivensentencesandpracticethedialoguewithyourpartner.LiHuaandhisclassmateWangNanarediscussingthepreventivemeasuresfornetworksecurityduringclass.(L=LiHua,W=WangNan)StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask399L:Hi,WangNan!Ihavebeenthinkingalotaboutnetworksecuritylately.W:Metoo.Haveyoueverexperiencedanykindofnetworkthreats?L:JustyesterdayIgotanemailthatlookedreallysuspicious.Itwasaskingmetoclickonalinkandentermypersonalinformationtoclaimsomekindofprize.W:Ohno,1)

Youdidn’tclickonit,didyou?L:Ofcoursenot!Butitmademerealizethatcyberthreatsreacheverycornerofourlives.2)StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask400W:Forthepreventionofphishingattacks,enhancingawarenessiscrucial.CheckthewebsiteURLcarefullyandlookforthe“https”prefixinthebrowseraddressbar,whichindicatesasecureconnection.L:Oh,Isee.Thenwhataboutmalwareattacks?Frommyperspective,thebestdefenseagainstmalwareistoinstallantivirussoftwareandfirewalls.Doyouthinkso?W:Exactly!Antivirussoftwarecanmonitorsystemactivitiesinreal-time,detectandremoveknownmalware.Andfirewallscanblockunauthorizednetworkconnections.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask401L:Yeah,andnotjusttheantivirussoftware.3)

Thesoftwaredevelopersoftenreleasepatchestofixsecurityvulnerabilities.Ifwedon’tinstallthoseupdates,we’releavingourcomputerswideopentoattacks.W:WhataboutwhenusingpublicWi-Fi?Iknowit’snotverysecure,butsometimesit’stheonlyoption.L:You’reright.4)

Ifyouhavetouseit,youcanuseaVPN,whichencryptsyourdata.TrynottologintobankaccountsormakeonlinepaymentsthroughpublicWi-Fieither.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask402W:I’lllookintothat.Bytheway,althoughdatabackupisoftenneglectedduetothetimerequired,5)L:Quiteright.Afterall,it’sbettertobesafethansorryforanyfinanciallossesanddataleakage.W:Thankyouforsharingsuchvaluableinsights.L:You’rewelcome.Ialsolearnedalot.Let’sshareourideaswithourclassmates.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4033.Learnaboutthelanguage.1)Ihavebeenthinkingalotaboutnetworksecuritylately.最近我一直在深入思考网络安全相关的问题。本句使用了现在完成进行时“havebeendoing”结构，该时态表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性和重复性，在这里表示“我”从过去某一时间到现在一直都在思考网络安全相关的问题。StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4042)Frommyperspective,thebestdefenseagainstmalwareistoinstallantivirussoftwareandfirewalls.在我看来，防御恶意软件的最佳方法是安装防病毒软件和防火墙。frommyperspective的意思为“在我看来；从我的角度来看”，该短语用于表达个人的观点和看法，类似的短语还有“inmyopinion”“asfarasI’mconcerned”等。StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4051.Whatarethemainnetworksecuritytechnologies?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4062.Readthefollowingarticleandsharethekeyinformationwithyourpartner.NetworkSecurityTechnologiesWiththeriseoftheInternet,ournetworkshavebecomemoreopenandvulnerabletounauthorizedaccess.Networksecuritytechnologiescontinuetoevolvetoprotectsystemsfromallkindsofthreats.Amongthem,firewalls,IDSs/IPSs,andVPNsaresignificantones.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask407Afirewallisanetworksecuritysystemthatactsasabarrierbetweenatrustedinternalnetworkandanuntrustedexternalnetwork.Firewallsnotonlypreciselyfilternetworktrafficbasedonasetofrules,butalsocontrolusers’anddevices’accesstocertainresources.Firewallscanbeeitherhardware-basedorsoftware-based.Withthepopularityofcloudcomputing,cloudfirewallshavebeendevelopedtoprotectcloudinfrastructure,applicationsanddatafromcyberthreats.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask408Whilefirewallsareafundamentaldefense,theyarenottheonlylineofprotection.Thisiswhereintrusiondetectionsystems(IDSs)andintrusionpreventionsystems(IPSs)comein.AnIDSmonitorsnetworktrafficandsystembehavior,identifiespotentialthreatsandgeneratesalarms.AnIDSpassivelymonitorstraffic.However,anIPScombinesdetectionanddefensefunctions,andactivelyblocksmalicioustraffictopreventfurtherdamage.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask409VPN,shortforvirtualprivatenetwork,worksbycreatinganencryptedconnectionoftencalled“asecuretunnel”betweenauser’sdeviceandatargetnetwork.Ifyou’reworkingremotelyandneedtoaccessyourcompany’sinternalresources,usingaVPNensuresthatyourconnectionissecureandyourdataremainsconfidential.Duetorapidadvancesintechnology,networksecuritybecomesaconstantlymovingtarget.Currentmeasuresagainstpotentialcyberthreatswillneedfutureupgrades.Onlyinthiswaycanwecreateasafeandprosperousdigitalfutureforall.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4103.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1)Firewallsaretheonlylineofprotectionfornetworksecurity.()2)Firewallsnotonlyfilternetworktrafficbutalsocontrolusersanddevicestoaccesscertainresources.()3)IDSscanactivelyblocksuspicioustraffictopreventfurtherdamage.()4)VPNismainlyusedforspeedingupthenetworkconnectionwhensurfingtheInternet.()5)Toensuresocialstability,thecurrentcybersecuritymeasuresneedtomaintainstability.()StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4111.Readthefollowingarticleanddiscusswithyourpartner.CryptographyinBlockchainBlockchainisadecentralized(去中心化的)distributedledgertechnologywheretransactionsarerecordedacrossmultiplecomputers.Thecornerstoneofblockchainsecurityliesincryptography.Eachtransactionisconvertedthroughahashfunction(哈希函数)intoafixed-lengthhashvalue,whichlinksittotheblockchain.Meanwhile,asymmetricencryptiontechnologyisusedforgeneratinguserwalletkeypairsandverifyingtransactionsignatures.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask412TheChinesegovernmentactivelyembracesblockchaintechnology.Anumberofenterpriseshaveemergedassignificantcontributorstotheindustry’sinnovationlandscape,suchasTencentandBaidu.ContinuedblockchaininnovationinChinawilldrivemarketgrowthanddeliverstrongersecurity.StartingUpDialoguePracticeReadingExtendedTask4132.Matchthefollowingphraseswiththeirtranslations.Lesson3TranslateandExplainEnglishPromptsandCommandsinNetworkDeviceConfigurationStartingUpTutorialPractice414415StartingUpTutorialPractice1.Whatarethekeynetworkdevicesinacomputernetwork?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.416StartingUpTutorialPractice2.Readthefollowingarticleandsharethekeyinformationwithyourpartner.IntroductiontoKeyNetworkDevicesSwitchesAnetworkswitchisafundamentalnetworkingdevicethatoperatesatLayer2(datalinklayer)oftheOSImodel,forwardingdataframesbasedonMACaddresses.Switchescreatededicatedcommunicationpathsbetweendeviceswithinalocalareanetwork(LAN),significantlyimprovingnetworkefficiencycomparedtotraditionalhubs.417StartingUpTutorialPracticeSwitchescanbecategorizedasLayer2switches(basicswitchingusingMACaddresses)orLayer3switches(combiningswitchingwithroutingcapabilities).RoutersRoutersareintelligentnetworkingdevicesoperatingatLayer3(networklayer)oftheOSImodelandconnectingdifferentnetworks.Theirprimaryfunctionsincludepacketforwardingbetweennetworks,pathdeterminationviaroutingtables,NAT,andbasicsecurityfeatures.418StartingUpTutorialPracticeUnderstandingthesefundamentalnetworkingdevicesisessentialforpropernetworkdesignanddeployment.Modernnetworksoftenutilizebothdevicesincombinationtoachieveoptimalperformanceandfunctionality.419StartingUpTutorialPractice3.Accordingtotheintroductionabove,fillinthemaindifferencesbetweenswitchesandroutersinthetable.420StartingUpTutorialPractice1.Areyoufamiliarwithcommandsinnetworkdeviceconfiguration?Youcanusethefollowingwordsifnecessary.421StartingUpTutorialPractice2.Followthetutorialandlearnthecommandsinnetworkdeviceconfiguration.NetworkConfigurationTutorialNetworkdevicesaretypicallyconfiguredthroughacommandlineinterface(CLI).InChina,mostenterprisenetworksrelyonHuaweiequipment.ThistutorialwilluseeNSP(enterprisenetworksimulationplatform),Huawei’sofficialnetworksimulator,asthetool.Thecontentstartswithbasicsystemconfiguration.422StartingUpTutorialPractice1)BasicSystemConfigurationMasteringthebasicsystemcommandsofaswitchisthefoundationofnetworkdeviceconfiguration.Herearethemaincommandsandtheirfunctions.423StartingUpTutorialPractice2)LoginAuthenticationNetworkdevicessupportvariousloginmethodsincludingpassword-only,localdatabase,andAAA(authentication,authorization,andaccounting)authentication.Currently,theAAAauthenticationismorerecommended,whichrequiressettingausernameandpassword.ThefollowingconfigurationdemonstrateshowtoimplementAAAauthenticationforbothconsoleaccessandremoteconnections.424StartingUpTutorialPractice[Switch]user-interfaceconsole0#进入控制台接口0的视图[Switch-ui-console0]authentication-modeaaa#将控制台接口0的认证模式设置为AAA[Switch-ui-console0]quit#退出当前视图[Switch]aaa#进入AAA认证模式配置视图[Switch-aaa]local-useradminpasswordcipherHuawei@123#配置本地用户名和密码425StartingUpTutorialPractice[Switch-aaa]local-useradminservice-typetelnetssh#设置本地用户登录方式为Telnet或SSH[Switch-aaa]local-useradminprivilegelevel15#设置本地用户等级为15（最高等级为15）[Switch-aaa]quit#退出当前视图[Switch]user-interfacevty04#进入虚拟接口0～4[Switch-ui-vty0-4]authentication-modeaaa#设置用户认证模式为AAA，表示通过Telnet或SSH远程登录时，同样必须输入AAA认证模式中设置的用户名和密码[Switch-ui-vty0-4]quit#退出当前视图426StartingUpTutorialPractice3)VLANConfigurationAVLAN(virtuallocalareanetwork)isalogicalsegmentationofaphysicalnetworkintomultipleisolatedbroadcastdomains.Itallowsdevicesonthesamephysicalnetworktobehaveasiftheywereonseparatenetworks,improvingsecurityandperformance.427StartingUpTutorialPractice[Switch]vlan10#创建一个VLAN10[Switch]undovlan10#删除VLAN10[Switch]vlanbatch203040#批量创建VLAN20、30、40[Switch]vlan20#进入VLAN20配置视图[Switch-vlan20]portGigabitEthernet0/0/1#将接口GigabitEthernet0/0/1加入VLAN20[Switch-vlan20]portGigabitEthernet0/0/2to0/0/4#将接口GigabitEthernet0/0/2～0/0/4加入VLAN20428StartingUpTutorialPractice4)InterfaceConfigurationInnetworkdeviceconfiguration,interfacesdefinehowdevicesconnectandcommunicate.Herearecommoninterfacetypes.●ATrunkPort:TransmitsmultipleVLANs’trafficbetween