2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（四）科学发现

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（四）科学发现25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Nightlightfromstreetlampsandphoneschangethebodyclock，thereforeweakeningthebody’sabilitytocontrolbloodsugarlevelsandraisingtheriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)bymorethanaquarter，newresearchhasfound.Theresearchwasbasedonalmost100，000menandwomeninChinawhowereexposedtoartificiallightwhileitwasdarkoutside.Thoseexposedthemostwere28percentmorelikelytodevelopthisconditionbecauseoftheinterference(干预)thelighthadonthebody’sproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素)whichaffectsoursleeppatterns.Evidenceisgrowingthat24/7lifestylesareseriouslydamagingourhealthbyinterferingwiththeproductionofmelatonin.Long－timeexposuretoresidentialoutdoorartificiallightwaslinkedtoariseinbloodsugarlevels.Itwasalsoassociatedwithpoorerfunctionofthecellswhichcontrolbloodsugar.LeadauthorDr.YuXu,ofRuijinHospital,Shanghai,said，“Despiteover80percentoftheworld’spopulationbeingexposedtolightpollutionatnight,thisproblemhasgainedlimitedattentionfromscientistsuntilrecentyears.”ThestudyestimatedmorethanninemillioncasesofdiabetesinChineseadultscanbeattributedtoit.Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviewstoprovidemedical,householdincome,education,wayoflife,andfamilyhistoryinformation.BodyweightandheightweremeasuredtocalculateBMI,andbloodsamplesweretakentoobtainlevelsofbothfastingandaftermealglucose(葡萄糖).Participantswereassignedanaverageartificialoutdoorlightexposurelevelforthelocationusingsatelliteimages.Theyweredividedintofivegroupsbasedonhighesttolowestexposure.Onaverage,forevery42peoplelivinginregionswiththemostlightpollution,therewasonemorecaseofdiabetes.Dr.Xusaid,“Exposuretoartificiallightatnightisacommonenvironmentalriskfactorinmodernsocieties.”Morethan99percentofpeopleintheUSandEuropeliveunderlight－pollutedskies.Earth’s24－hourday－nightcyclehasresultedinmostorganisms,includinghumans，havinganinbuiltcircadian(昼夜的)timingsystem,butlightpollutionhasbeenfoundtochangethecircadianrhythmofinsects,birdsandotheranimals,resultinginearlydeathandlossofbiodiversity.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。新的研究表明，夜间的人造灯光会改变人体的生物钟，从而削弱人体控制血糖水平的能力，增加患糖尿病的风险。1.Howcanartificiallightaffectpeople’shealth?A.Itcanharmpeople’seyesight.B.Itcanaffectpeople’ssleeppatterns.C.Itcanweakenthefunctionofbraincells.D.Itcanincreasetheproductionofmelatonin.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“becauseoftheinterference(干预)...whichaffectsoursleeppatterns”可知，夜间的人造灯光会干预人体褪黑激素的分泌，而褪黑激素影响着人们的睡眠模式。]2.Whatinformationabouttheparticipantswascollected?A.Work. B.Sleep.C.Lifestyle. D.Marriage.答案C[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Atotalof98，658participantsunderwentinterviews...andfamilyhistoryinformation.”可知，参与实验的人们提供了自己的医疗、家庭收入、教育程度、生活方式和家族史信息。]3.Whathelpedwiththestudy?A.Previousfindings.B.Hightechnology.C.Internationalassistance.D.Artificialchemicals.答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中提到的usingsatelliteimages可知，研究人员在研究中借助了卫星图像，也就是使用了高科技。]4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Artificiallightisharmingtheworld.B.Peoplearefightingagainstpollution.C.Thewasteofelectricityistheprimaryissue.D.MostlightpollutionisfromtheUSandEurope.答案A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，人造灯光正危害着全世界。]Lotsofpeopledislikerats.Theyslidearoundsewers(下水道).Theygetinthegarbage.Theycanspreaddisease.Itcanbedifficulttoseetheirvalue—otherthanasananimalmodelforstudyinghumanillnesses.Butratshavemoretoshare.WhenthefirstEuropeanscametoVirginia,blackratstookarideintheirships.TheywentontolivewiththeEuropeansandoftenbuiltnestsinthewallsofpeople’shomes.Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers.Theyshowwhatspecificmaterialstheearlysettlersused,whichhelpshistoriansfindoutwhattheycouldmakeandproduceforthemselves—andwhattheyhadtoimportfromacrosstheocean.Inrats,DNA“reallytellsastoryaboutthepeople，”saysEmilyPuckett,whostudieshowaspecies’DNAdiffersacrossitsrange.Anotherspecies—thebrownratcanhelptellalargestoryabouthowpeoplespreadaroundtheglobe,Puckettfinds.BrownratswereoriginallyfromEasternChinaandMongolia.Puckett’sDNAsampleshaveshownthatthebrownratspreadsouthandeastfromthere,toIndiaandalmosteverywhereelse.TheDNAinitsbonescouldhelpdeterminewheretheratscamefrom—andwhichcitiesmighthavebeenlinked.AttheUniversityofYorkinEngland,DavidOrtonstudiesanimalsthatlivedwithancienthumans.Usually，whenhistoriansfindremainsofanancientcity,theywanttodigandfindmore.“Thetroubleisthatmostofthetime,theancientcitiestendtobeunderneathmoderncities，”Ortonsays.“Andyoucan’tjustgoanddigthewholethingup.”Butyoucanfollowtherats.Ratsare“verydependentonhumansfortheirfoodsuppliesandfortheirshelter，”heexplains.Theseratshavegivenusanewappreciation.“Itisfascinatingtothinkthattheselittlecreaturesarestealingthingsandthatnowwe’resafeguardingthemtomakeastudy，”MaureenElgersmanLee,ahistorian,says.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值：可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索，可以揭示我们的历史。5.Whatdohistoriansprobablylearnfromthenestofrats?A.Theappearanceoftheirnests.B.Thefamilymembers’occupations.C.Thelivingconditionsofearlysettlers.D.Theprocessoftheirfoodtransportation.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thosenestsarefullofinformationaboutearlysettlers”可知，这些巢穴充满了早期定居者的信息。由此可知，历史学家可能会从老鼠窝中了解到早期定居者的生活条件。]6.Whycanthebrownrathelptellalargestory?A.BecauseitoriginatedfromEasternChina.B.BecauseitsDNAreflecteditsspreadingexperience.C.Becauseitenjoyedtravellingaroundtheglobe.D.Becauseitsboneswerefullofinformationofcities.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Puckett发现，另一个物种——棕色老鼠可以帮助讲述人类是如何在全球范围内传播的大故事，且Puckett的DNA样本和棕色老鼠骨头里的DNA都反映了棕色老鼠的传播经历。由此可知，棕色老鼠可以帮助讲述一个大故事，因为它的DNA反映了它的传播经历。]7.WhatdoDavidOrton’swordsmean?A.Humansofferedfoodandsheltertorats.B.Historianscouldstudytheancientcitybydigging.C.Theancientcitiesweremostlylocatedabovemodernones.D.Ratscouldofferacluetolearningthesizeofancientcities.答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中DavidOrton说的话可知，大多数时候，古城往往位于现代城市的下面。你不能直接把整个东西都挖出来，但是你可以跟着老鼠。由此可推知，DavidOrton的话的意思是老鼠可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索。]8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RatsDifferinDifferentRegionsB.RatsChangePeople’sAttitudeC.RatsRevealtheHistoryofUsD.RatsDependonHumansforLiving答案C[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，它还有其他的一些研究价值：可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索，可以揭示我们的历史。]Ⅱ.完形填空WhenIretired,mywifePegsaid,“Great!You’llhavetimetocleanthegarage！”After30years’__1__asthedirectorofaradiostation,Iwouldfinallyhavemoretimeforhousework,butIworriedI’dlosethesenseof__2__Ihadfeltinmyprofession.Ipushedatthegarage’swoodendoors,buttheywereas__3__asIfeltinthisnewstageofmylife.Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoemptytheshelves.Thenmyhandhitsomething__4__.Itwasacommonoldmetalcan.I__5__thecoverandfounda__6__envelopewithapostmarkofMay13,1940inside.__7__，Iopeneditandfoundsomeflowerseedsinit.“Eightyyearsold!Iwonderifthey’llstillgrow.”Isaid.I__8__theseedsinaplasticpot.Icheckediteveryday,butnothinghappened.“Iguessthey’rejusttoo__9__togrow，”ItoldPegin__10__.Ipickedupthepottogetridofit,butsomethingmademe__11__.Ichangedmymindandsetitaside.Meanwhile,Iwaskeeping__12__，buyingsomebookstoimprovemyphotographyskillsandteachingmygranddaughterseverythingIknewaboutgardeninganddogs.Sixweekslater,IwasoutintheyardwhenI__13__tonoticethepot.Anewbitofgreen—aleafhad__14__.Iproudlyshoweditofftomygranddaughters,“Look,girls,evensomethingthisoldcanstill__15__foritspurposeandbeprettycool,justlikeyourgrandpapa！”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者退休之后在家里整理车库时，发现了一个旧罐子里面居然放着80年前的种子。于是，作者满怀期待地种下了种子，每天都要查看，但是什么也没有长出来。作者本想把种花的塑料瓶扔掉但又改变了主意，后来，种子竟然长出了绿叶。这让作者非常感慨。1.A.dream B.beliefC.study D.service答案D[空处呼应上文中的“WhenIretired”。据此可以推测，此处讲作者的工作经历——作者担任了30年的无线电台主任。service“(尤指长期、受到敬重的)工作，效劳，服务”。]2.A.freedom B.purposeC.trust D.security答案B[此处考查原词复现，呼应结尾句中的“purpose”。作者担心自己可能会失去在职业中感受到的意义(purpose)。security“安全；平安；担保；保证”。]3.A.worn B.stuckC.broken D.lost答案B[根据下文中的“Ifinallygotthedoorsopen”可知，门可能卡住了(stuck)，不太好开。worn“用坏的，用旧的，疲惫的，筋疲力尽的”；broken“破损的”；lost“迷路的，迷失的”。]4.A.delicate B.specialC.hard D.sharp答案C[根据空后的“Itwasacommonoldmetalcan”可知，作者碰到了坚硬的(hard)东西。delicate“脆弱的，小巧玲珑的，微妙的”。]5.A.removed B.washedC.cleaned D.fastened答案A[根据下文中的“founda________envelopewithapostmarkofMay13，1940inside”可知，作者移开(removed)了盖子。fasten“(使两部分)系牢，扎牢，结牢，扣紧”。]6.A.labeled B.selectedC.yellowed D.ruined答案C[结合下文中的“withapostmarkofMay13，1940”可知，这封信已有几十年的历史。因此，信封应该是泛黄的(yellowed)。故选C项。label“贴标签于，用标签标明”；select“选择，挑选，选拔”；ruin“毁坏，毁灭”。]7.A.Curiously B.SincerelyC.Skillfully D.Bravely答案A[根据语境可知，作者找到了80年前的一个信封，出于好奇(Curiously)，作者打开了信封。sincerely“真诚地，诚实地”；skillfully“巧妙地”。]8.A.collected B.plantedC.abandoned D.stored答案B[根据下文中的“Icheckediteveryday”可知，作者把种子种在(planted)一个塑料瓶里。collect“收集”；abandon“抛弃”；store“贮存，贮藏”。]9.A.old B.wetC.weak D.small答案A[根据上文中的“Eightyyearsold！”可知，作者猜测这些种子没有发育可能是因为它们太老(old)了。]10.A.anger B.surpriseC.regret D.relief