2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（十三）

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十三）32分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·泉州高三质检)Scientistssaytheplantenset,anEthiopianstaple(主食)，couldbeanewsuperfoodandalifesaverinthefaceofclimatechange.“Thisisacropthatcanplayareallyimportantroleinaddressingfoodsecurityandsustainabledevelopment，”saidauniversityprofessorinAwasa,Ethiopia.Theenset,orthe“falsebanana”，isacloserelativeofthebananabutisconsumedonlyinonepartofEthiopia.Thebanana－likefruitoftheplantisinedible(不宜食用的),butthestemsandrootscanbeprocessedtomakeporridgeandbread.However,Ethiopiaisisolated(隔离)bydrylowlands,whichareunsuitablefortheensettogrow.Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge.Therefore,despiteitswildrelativesdistributingacrossAfrica,theensetisonlyusedasacropinEthiopiaandhasneverbeenwidelyadoptedelsewhere.Usingagriculturalsurveysandmodellingwork，scientistsfoundthecropcouldpotentiallyfeedmorethan100millionpeopleandboostfoodsecurityinEthiopiaandotherAfricancountries.ThestudyresearcherDrJamesBorrelloftheRoyalBotanicGardensKew,saidplantingtheensetasanalternativecropfortoughtimescouldhelpsupportfoodsecurity.“It’sgotsomereallyunusualcharacteristicsthatmakeitabsolutelyuniqueasacrop，”hesaid.Reachingtenmeterstall,asfewas15ensetplantscanfeedapersonforayear.Also,ithasflexibleharvesttimes,isstoredwell,andisrelativelydroughtanddiseasetolerant.Allthesefeatureshaveearneditthename“thetreeagainsthunger”.Thereisgrowinginterestinseekingnewplantstofeedtheworld.Nearlyhalfofallthecaloriesweeatcomefromthreespecies—rice,wheat,andcorn.“Weneedtodiversifytheplantsweusegloballyasastaplebecausealloureggsareinaverysmallbasketatthemoment，”saidDrBorrell.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了只能生长在埃塞俄比亚的一种植物，这种超级食物可以在解决食物安全和可持续发展方面发挥真正重要的作用。28.Whatcanweknowabouttheenset?A.ItiswidelyconsumedinEthiopia.B.Itsstemsandrootscanserveasastaple.C.Itismainlygrownindrylowlands.D.Itdistributesthroughouttheworld.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thebanana－likefruit...makeporridgeandbread.”可知，这种香蕉模样的植物的果实无法食用，但其根茎可以被加工成粥和面包，即它们可以被食用。]29.Whataffectsthewideadoptionoftheenset?A.Lackofrelatedknowledge.B.Poorqualityoffarmland.C.Lowproductivity.D.Strictstorageconditions.答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge...widelyadoptedelsewhere.”可知，这种植物培育和准备的过程需要专业知识，从而导致尽管它的野生近亲分布在非洲各地，但它只在埃塞俄比亚被用作作物。由此可知缺乏相关的专业知识影响了它的广泛采用。]30.Whichaspectoftheensetistalkedaboutinparagraph5?A.Itsadvantages. B.Itsedibility.C.Itsvariety. D.Itsdistribution.答案A[段落大意题。第五段介绍了这种植物的高度带来的好处、灵活的收获时间、易储存并相对耐旱和抗病等，再结合该段前两句可知，此段主要讲述了这种植物的优点。]31.WhatdoesDrBorrellmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Peoplearefedupwithexistingstaples.B.Aworldofbiodiversityisneeded.C.Cropvarietiesshouldbeincreased.D.Foodsecurityhasbeenaddressed.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Borrell博士的话“Weneedtodiversifytheplants...atthemoment”可知，Borrell博士认为我们需要使我们在全球范围内用作主食的植物多样化，故选项C正确。文中的diversify与选项C中的varieties相呼应。](2023·南京六校联考)Televisionshowsandmoviesoftenfeaturepeoplewipingtheirfingerprintsoffsurfacesliketabletops，steeringwheels,anddoorknobstoavoidbeingidentifiedbythepolice.However,iswipingasurfaceenoughtoensurethatfingerprintscan’tbeidentified?Itisprovedthatevenifyourfingertipsarenotsoiledbybloodordirt,theywillstillleavebehindchemicalimprintsonthingsyoutouchbecausethesebaceousglands(皮脂腺)underourskinproducesweatandoil.Thisphraseisknownasthe“exchangeprinciple”andformsoneofthebasicprinciplesofforensic(法医的)science,whichwaspopularizedbyEdmundLocard,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofforensics,whoshowedthateverytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother,therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem.CrimeSceneInvestigators(CSIs)lookforthreedifferenttypesoffingerprints：patent,plasticandlatent.Thehuntforliftinglatentfingerprintsisthemostchallenging.Sincetheseareinvisibleorbarelyvisible，CSIsmustusechemistrytoenhancesuchprints,ifanyexists.CSIsusetheirtrustybrushandfingerprintpowderstovisualizeprintsfrombothsmoothandtexturedsurfaces.Scientistshavedevelopedamethodthatcanvisualizeprintsfromeventhefaintestfingerprintsleftafterthemetalofaguniswipedoff.Thistechniqueusesacolored－electroactivefilmthatusesinvisiblefingerprintstoblocktheelectriccurrent.Besides,scientistscannowidentifywhohandledthebulletbeforeitwasfiredbyvisualizingcorrosion(腐蚀)onit.Therehavebeenmanyextraordinaryadvancesinforensictechnology,sounfortunately,thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintswillsoonbeamythfromapastera.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。在办案过程中，犯罪现场调查员往往通过寻找明显纹、成型纹或潜伏纹锁定犯罪线索，其中寻找潜伏纹最具挑战性，但通过潜伏纹锁定犯罪嫌疑人这项技术取得了很大突破。32.What’sthecommonmisunderstandingoffingerprints?A.Fingerprintsareuniqueandstaywithusallourlife.B.Wipingasurfacecan’tguaranteefingerprintscanberemoved.C.Thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintsaregone.D.Ifpeoplewipetheirfingerprintsoffsurfaces,theycan’tbeidentified.答案D[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，在电视剧和电影里人们常常把自己的指纹从桌面、方向盘和门把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察识别出来。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，这种做法是人们的一种误解，即人们错误地认为如果擦去物体表面上的指纹，指纹将无法被识别。]33.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Togiveexamples.B.Togiveevidence.C.Topresentthetopic.D.Tomakecomparisons.答案C[写作意图题。第一段主要讲在电视剧和电影里人们常常把自己的指纹从桌面、方向盘和门把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察识别出来；第二段提出了一个问题：擦干净表面真的足以确保指纹不被识别吗？紧接着第三段阐述了“交换原则”，告诉人们即便你的指尖没沾染血或污垢，它们仍然会在你触碰过的东西上留下化学印记。第三段回答了第二段的问题，因此第二段是过渡段，起到了承上启下的作用，旨在引出下文，说明指纹被擦掉不能避免被识别。]34.Accordingtoparagraph3，“exchangeprinciple”worksby________.A.givingandreceivingmaterialB.identifyingtypesoffingerprintsC.dependingondifferentsurfacesD.leavingfingerprintswithdirtyfingertips答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“everytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother，therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem”可知，每当两个物体相互接触时，它们之间就会发生物质交换。]35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Invisiblefingerprints.B.Threetypesoffingerprints.C.The“exchangeprinciple”.D.Advancesintakingfingerprints.答案D[文章大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了犯罪现场调查员通过潜伏纹锁定犯罪嫌疑人的技术有了很大进步。]Ⅱ.七选五(2023·南京六校联考)Planningafamilytrip?Lettheprofessionalshandleit.Intheever－evolvingworldoftravel,usingatravelprofessionaltodecodeyourfamilyvacationoptionscanreallypayoff.Hereareseveralthingstobearinmind：Isittraveltime?Beforethepandemic,planningavacationtooktime,knowledge,patienceandperseverance.Whilethepaceofchangehasslowed，keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible.__1__Heorsheuseshisorherexperienceandskillstomakeeventhemostcomplicatedtravelscheduleareality.Knowhowitworks.__2__Somegetpaidbytravelsupplierssuchasahotelorrestaurant.Otherschargeconsultingfeessometimesdeterminedbythenumberofpeopletravelingandthecomplexityofthetrip.Still，othersrelyonacombinationofboth.Familiesalsobenefitfromtopagents’accesstoupgradesandvalue－addedoptions.Shouldyourtriptakeanunwelcometurn，agoodagentwillhaveyourbacktohelpwithcanceledflights，healthchallengesortheneedforalast－minuteshiftinthetravelschedule.__3__IfyouareeagertovisitaDisneyresort,understandtheevolvingnatureofthecruiseworld,visitaskiresortorexploreaspecificcity,regionorcountry,usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus.__4__They’llknowhowtobookthebestcabins，sortthroughthemealandactivityoptionsandprovideinsightintohoweachmemberofthefamilymightmakethemostofthesailing.Spendyourtimewell.Whetheryou’retravelingwiththekidsorwiththeextendedfamilyforamilestonebirthdayorananniversarycelebration,younodoubthopetoreturnwithtreasuredmemoriesratherthantalesofatripgoingwrong.__5__Withmorefamilieslearningandworkingfromhome,agoodagentcanhelpzeroinondestinationsandlodgingoptionsthatcanmaximizeyourcurrentlifestyle.A.Chooseaspecialist.B.Chooseadestination.C.Thisiswhereatravelagentcancomeintoplay.D.Travelagentscanprovideyouwitharewardingholiday.E.Travelagentsearnmoneybyofferingtheirserviceinvariousways.F.Travelagentsbenefitalotfromtheirplanningthetravelrouteforyou.G.Thoseprofessionalscanselectthebrandthatbestmatchesyourtravelexpectations.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。从是否为旅游的最佳时间、旅行社的运作流程以及选择一个有专长的旅行代理商等方面针对家庭旅行提出了几点建议。1.C[根据空前的“keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible”和空后的“Heorsheuses...scheduleareality”可知，空处内容应承上启下，讲述旅行代理商在旅行当中所起的作用。C项“这正是旅行代理商发挥作用的地方”符合语境。下文的Heorshe指代选项C中的atravelagent。]2.E[根据本段小标题“Knowhowitworks.”和空后的“Somegetpaid...Otherscharge...othersrelyonacombinationofboth.”可知，有些人的报酬来自旅馆或餐厅等旅游供应商，其他人通过收取咨询费获取报酬，还有一些人的报酬来源是这两者的结合。E项“旅行代理商通过各种方式提供他们的服务来赚钱。”符合语境。]3.A[根据空处所在位置可知，空处应为本段小标题；再结合本段内容尤其是“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，本段旨在建议选择一个有专长的旅行代理商。A项“选择一个专家。”符合语境。]4.G[根据空前的“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，找一个有这方面专长的旅行代理商会给你带来额外的好处；再结合空后的“They’llknowhowtobookthebest...mostofthesailing.”可知，空处内容应是专业人士会带来什么样的好处的具体阐述，故G项正确。空后的They指代G项中的“Thoseprofessionals”。]5.D[根据空前内容可知，无论是和孩子们一起旅行，还是和大家庭一起庆祝里程碑式的生日或周年纪念，你都希望带着珍贵的回忆回来，由此可推知，D项“旅行代理商可以为你提供一个值得的假期。”符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·潍坊高三测试)Whenitcomestoancientcivilizations,mostpeoplethinkoftheGreeksandRomans.It’sunderstandableasboth1.____________(shape)modernsocietyinsomewaysofar,whetheritbetheirsocial,cultural,orpoliticalinfluences.However,dozensofcivilizationshadbeenaroundlong2.____________theGreeksandRomans,thelesser－knownJiahupeople3.____________(include).TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,4.____________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.Theareaisrichinartifacts,5.____________(make)itanarchaeologist’sdream.Apartfromtheusualfinds,peoplehaveuncoveredrecordsoftheearliestexamplesofChinesewritingandproof6.____________theywereproducersoftheworld’soldestwine.Otherremarkablediscoveriesweretheoldestworkingboneflutes(长笛).7.____________(typical)carvedfromthewingboneofacrane,theyweremostlikelyusedinspecialceremonies.Roughweavingtoolsandboneneedlesalso8.____________(unearth)fromthesite,indicatingthatJiahuresidentsmayhavepossessedbasicweavingandsewingskillsfor8，500years.Thesettlement’sendcamearound5，800BCwhenthenearbyriversoverflowedandfloodedthearea.ItisassumedthattheJiahupeoplelefttheirhome9.____________(settle)elsewhere,eventhoughthereisnoindicationasto10.____________thatmighthavebeen.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了鲜为人知的贾湖文化，位于河南省的贾湖地区文物丰富，是考古学家梦寐以求的地方。不仅如此，人们还在该地区发现了最早的中国文字的记录和贾湖人是世界上最古老的葡萄酒生产者的证据。1.haveshaped[考查时态和主谓一致。该句中的sofar表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完