2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（十六）

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十六）28分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·广东六校联考)Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45－tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London－basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone，butU.K.－basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh－powermodularlithium－ionbattery(锂离子电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromtheautomotiveandmotorsportfieldsto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications，”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium－ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1，000kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisacleanfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby－productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck：kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(能量回收式制动).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦的英美资源集团正在研发一种新型机器，它将成为世界上最大的电动卡车。28.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”？A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theworld’sbiggest...giveupitsthrone.”可知，世界上最大的电动汽车——一辆名为eDumper的45吨重的矿用自卸卡车——可能不得不放弃它的宝座。据此可知，eDumper将不再是最大的电动卡车。]29.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium－ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium－ionbatteryispromising.答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段CraigWilson所说的话可知，CraigWilson认为锂离子电池展示了电池技术的潜力，可以适应从汽车和赛车领域到“重型”工业应用等的不断增长的需求。故可推知，锂离子电池的未来充满希望。]30.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco－friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.答案B[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，氢燃料是一种清洁的燃料，在燃料电池中被消耗时只产生副产品水。它通常从天然气、核能或可再生风能和太阳能中产生。将氢燃料电池加到汽车的电池中能够让卡车在没有充电的情况下运行更长的时间。]31.Accordingtoparagraph5，whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation.D.Zero－carbonemission.答案B[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Whenanelectricvehicle...energybacktothebattery.”可知，当一辆电动汽车从山上滚下来时，这种运动会在刹车时为电池提供电能。电动马达通过电池储存的能量为汽车提供动力，它也可以成为迷你发电机，将一些能量返回给电池。据此可知，能量转换是能量回收式制动的一个特色。](2023·潍坊高三测试)Thoughresearchershavelongknownthatadultsbuildanunconscious(无意识的)preferenceoveralifetimeofmakingchoicesbetweenthingsthatareessentiallythesame,thenewfindingthatevenbabiesengageinthisphenomenondemonstratesthatthiswayofjustifyingchoicesisintuitive(直觉的)andsomehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.“Theactofmakingachoicechangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions，”saidAlexSilver,aJohnsHopkinsresearcher.“Eveninfantswhoarereallyjustatthestartofmakingchoicesforthemselveshavethispreference.”ThefindingsarepublishedtodayinthejournalPsychologicalScience.Peopleassumetheychoosethingsthattheylike.Butresearchsuggeststhat’ssometimesbackward：Welikethingsbecausewechoosethem.And,wedislikethingsthatwedon’tchoose.“Adultsmaketheseinferencesunconsciously，”saidco－authorLisaFeigenson,aJohnsHopkinsscientistinchilddevelopment.“Wejustifyourchoiceafterthefact.”Thismakessenseforadultsinaconsumerculturewhomustmakerandomchoiceseveryday,betweeneverythingfromtoothpastebrandstostylesofjeans.Thequestioniswhenpeopleexactlystartdoingthis.Sotheyturnedtobabies,whodon’tgetmanychoicesandso,asFeigensonputsit,are“aperfectwindowintotheoriginofthistendency”.Theteambrought10－to20－month－oldbabiesintothelabandgavethemachoiceofobjectstoplaywith：twoequallybrightandcolorfulsoftblocks.Theysetthemfarapart,sothebabieshadtocrawltooneortheother—arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthetoys,theresearcherstookitawayandcamebackwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpickfromthetoytheydidn’tplaywiththefirsttime,orabrand－newtoy.Theirchoicesshowedtheydidn’tprefertheunchosenobject.Tocontinuestudyingtheevolutionofchoicesinbabies,thelabwillnextlookattheideaof“choiceoverload”.Foradults,choicesaregood,buttoomanychoicescanbeaproblem,sothelabwilltrytodetermineifthatisalsotrueforbabies.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，婴儿也会像成年人一样在本质相同的事物之间做出选择，从而形成无意识的偏好，这种为选择辩护的方式是直觉的，在某种程度上是人类经验的基础。32.Whatispeople’sassumptionabouttheactofmakingchoices?A.Theylikewhattheychoose.B.Theychoosewhattheylike.C.Theybasechoicesonthefact.D.Theymakechoicesthoughtfully.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Peopleassumetheychoosethingsthattheylike.”可知，人们对选择行为的假设是人们认为他们选择了自己喜欢的东西，故选B。文中的assume与题干中的assumption相呼应。]33.Whywerebabiesselectedassubjectsforthestudy?A.Tohelpthemmakebetterchoices.B.Toguidethemtoperceivetheworld.C.Totracktherootofmakingrandomchoices.D.Todeepentheunderstandingofaconsumerculture.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thequestionis...‘aperfect...thistendency’.”可知，研究人员选择婴儿作为研究对象是因为他们想追踪随机选择的根源。]34.Whatdoesthestudyonthebabiesshow?A.Theylikenovelobjects.B.Theirchoicesaremostlybasedoncolors.C.Theirrandomchoicesbecomethepreference.D.Theyareunabletomakechoicesforthemselves.答案C[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theirchoices...unchosenobject.”可知，他们的选择表明他们不喜欢未选择的东西，即他们的随机选择变成了偏好。]35.Whatwillthefollowingstudyfocuson?A.Thelawof“choiceoverload”.B.Theproblemofadults’manychoices.C.Whytoomanychoicescaninfluenceadults.D.Whetherbabiesaretroubledbymanychoices.答案D[推理判断题。最后一段中的“Foradults，choices...trueforbabies.”指的是有选择对于成年人来说是好事，但太多的选择可能是一个问题，所以实验室试图确定那是否也适用于婴儿。由此可知，接下来的研究重点是婴儿是否也像成年人一样由于有太多的选择而受到困扰。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·石家庄部分学校高三一模)Sixteen－year－oldCorionEvansmadeadaringrescuetosavethreeteenagegirls.The16－year－oldwashangingoutwithtwo__1__inaparkingareanearthePascagoulaRiverinJulywhena__2__withthreeteenagegirlsinsidepropelledoffaboatramp(斜坡)andintotheriver.Itcametorestsome20feetfromland,thensank.Actually,thedriverhad__3__followedwrongdirectionsfromherGPS.Itwasaround2：30ambythetimeEvansandbrothersKaronandCalebgottotheriver’s__4__.Inthedarkness,theycouldbarely__5__thegirlsholdingontotheroof，theonlypartofthecarstill，__6__，abovewater.Buttheycouldhear__7__.Evanstookoffhisshirtand__8__，threwhisphonedown,then__9__intothewater,ariverheknewalligators(短吻鳄)calledhome.Hehelpedthefirstgirlhesawand,__10__herheadabovewater,ledherashore.Justthen,PoliceOfficerGarryMercer__11__.Hedivedintotherivertohelpanotherofthe__12__.Buthalfwaybacktoshore,she__13__andwentunderwater,pullingMercerdownwithher.Evansjumpedbackinthewaterandhelpedthemgettotheshoreuntiltheycouldstand.“Ifhehadn’tbeenthere,whoknows？”MercertoldTheWashingtonPost.Therewasstillonegirlinthewater.CoraWatson,19,couldnotswim.Shewasgulping(吞)water，__14__，strugglingtostayafloat.“IheardCorascreaming‘Help！’andIthoughtshewasdonefor，”CalebtoldWLOXinBiloxi.Then,ajolt.“Corionhadgrabbedher.”ThethreegirlsandOfficerMercerweretakentothehospitalandreleased.They’realivebecauseCorionEvans__15__hislifetosavethem.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的CorionEvans勇敢救人的故事。1.A.friends B.brothersC.classmates D.students答案B[根据下文“Itwasaround2：30am...Calebgottotheriver’s________.”可知，当时埃文斯与兄弟(brothers)在一起。]2.A.truck B.boatC.car D.motorbike答案C[根据第二段“Inthedarkness,theycouldbarely...Buttheycouldhear________.”可知，car为复现词，女孩们在车(car)里。]3.A.blindly B.stronglyC.generally D.foolishly答案A[blindly盲目地，摸黑地；strongly强烈地；generally一般；foolishly愚蠢地。根据下文“Itwasaround2：30am...Calebgottotheriver’s________.”可知，此时为凌晨2：30，此处考查blindly，在这里一语双关，既有“在黑暗中”的本义，也有“盲目地”的引申义。]4.A.area B.centreC.mouth D.edge答案D[根据上文“The16－year－oldwashangingoutwithtwo...andintotheriver.”可知，载有三个女孩的车冲进河中，所以埃文斯三人来到河边(edge)。]5.A.makeout B.shouttoC.calmdown D.turndown答案A[makeout辨认；shoutto对……大喊；calmdown冷静下来；turndown拒绝。根据本句中的Inthedarkness可知，他们在黑暗中难以辨认出(makeout)车里的状况。]6.A.approximately B.obviouslyC.barely D.exactly答案C[approximately大约；obviously显然；barely勉强；exactly确切地说。根据上文“The16－year－oldwashangingoutwithtwo...thensank.”可知，车冲入河中离岸约20英尺的地方，并下沉，只有车顶勉强在水面上了，barely符合语境。]7.A.whispering B.quarrelingC.screaming D.sobbing答案C[whisper窃窃私语；quarrel争吵；scream尖叫，大声叫；sob抽泣。根据第六段中“IheardCorascreaming‘Help！’”可知，落水女孩子在大声叫(screaming)“救命”，screaming为复现词。]8.A.shoes B.sweaterC.socks D.scarf答案A[根据常识可以知道，如果需要下河救人，首先脱掉上衣和鞋子。]9.A.dropped B.divedC.ran D.sank答案B[根据空后的water，ariver，以及下文“Hedivedintotherivertohelpanotherofthe________.”可知，和后来的警官一样，埃文斯跳入河中去救人，dived为复现词。]10.A.pushing B.forcingC.keeping D.managing答案C[keepherhe