2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（十八）

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十八）28分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·武汉市部分学校联考)Usefoodtoeaseyourmoods？Thetimeofmealsmayhaveanimpactonmoods，includinglevelsofdepressionandanxiety，accordingtoresearchersatBrighamandWomen’sHospital.Toconductthestudy,19participants(12menand7women)werearrangedtoexperienceaForcedProcessinadarkroomforfour28－hour“days”.Participantswereassignedtooneoftwomealtiminggroups:theDaytimeandNighttimeMealControlGroup,whichhadmealsaccordingtoa28－hourcycle(resultingineatingbothduringthenightandday,whichistypicalamongnightworkers)，andtheDaytime－OnlyMealGroup,whichhadmealsona24－hourcycle(resultingineatingonlyduringtheday).Theteamthenassesseddepression－likeandanxiety－likemoodlevelseveryhour.Theresultshowedthatmealtimingsignificantlyaffectedtheparticipants’moodlevels.Duringthesimulated(模拟的)nightshift(day4),thoseintheDaytimeandNighttimeMealControlGrouphadincreaseddepression－likeandanxiety－likemoodlevels,comparedtothebaseline(day1).Incontrast,therewerenochangesinmoodintheDaytime－OnlyMealGroup.Participantswithagreaterdegreeofcircadian(昼夜节律的)disorderexperiencedmoredepression－likeandanxiety－likemoods.Researchersdiscoveredthatamongindividualsinthedaytimeandnighttimeeatinggroups,anxietyanddepressionroseby16%and26%individually.AfamousauthorSarahChellappa,whocompletedworkonthisproject,said,“Mealtimingisemergingasanimportantaspectofnutritionthatmayinfluencephysicalhealth,butthecausalroleofthetimingoffoodintakeinaffectingmentalhealthremainstobetested.Futurestudiesarerequiredtoestablishifchangesinmealtimingcanleadindividualstoexperienceanxiety－relateddisorders.”Thefindingsopenthedoorforstudyingabehavioralstrategythatmightbenefitindividualssufferingfrommentalhealthdisorders,suchasshiftworkers.Thestudyalsoaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencefindingthatstrategiesthatimprovesleepandcircadianpatternsmayhelppromotementalhealth.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。我们平时忽略了就餐时间的重要性，殊不知看似很普通的就餐时间却可能对人类的情绪有很大的影响。因此，研究人员把就餐时间与情绪关系的研究纳入影响人类身体健康的一个重要方面。28.Howisthestudycarriedoutaccordingtothetext?A.Bypresentingcauseandeffect.B.Byexaminingtheparticipants’eatinghabits.C.Byrecordingtheeatingtimeinvariousgroups.D.Bycomparingdatafromtwodifferentgroups.答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“19participants(12menand7women)werearrangedto...”和第三段中的“Duringthesimulated(模拟的)nightshift(day4)”及“...comparedtothebaseline(day1).Incontrast，...”可知，在该研究中研究人员先采用分组法，然后模拟真实情景并对比分析两组的数据。]29.Whichofthefollowingwilltheresearchersprobablyagreewith?A.Daytimeeatingmightbenefitmentalhealth.B.It’sunavoidableforpeopletoeatatthewrongtime.C.Nighttimemealisharmfulandshouldbeprohibited.D.It’snecessarytokeeptrackofourmoodlevelseachday.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第三段第一句及最后两句可知，就餐时间对人的情绪有很大影响，“只在白天吃饭的一组”的(组员)情绪没有变化；昼夜节律紊乱程度高的人可能会产生更多的抑郁和焦虑情绪。由此可知，白天就餐也许有益于身心健康。]30.Whatdoesthefollow－uptestaimtofindoutaccordingtoSarahChellappa?A.Howfoodintakeaffectshuman’smoods.B.Whetherchangesinmealtimingcauseemotionalproblems.C.Whetherfoodnutritionisrelatedtomentalhealth.D.Whyshiftworkerssufferfrommentalhealthdisorders.答案B[细节理解题。由第四段中的“Futurestudiesarerequiredto...anxiety－relateddisorders.”可知，未来的研究是要弄明白就餐时间的改变是否会使人产生焦虑或抑郁情绪。]31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MealTimingReducesPressureB.MealTimingMayAffectMoodsC.MoodDisordersResultinAnxietyD.GoodStrategiesBenefitOurHealth答案B[标题归纳题。根据第一段和第三段第一句以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述的是就餐时间可能会对人的情绪产生影响。](2023·石家庄高三质量检测)SincetheEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA)waspassedin1973，ithashelpedhundredsofspeciesavoidextinctionintheUnitedStates.Thestrongconservationpolicyhasbeenusedasamodelinothercountries.Butit’snotassuccessfulasitcouldbe,anewstudyfinds.Researchershavediscoveredmostspeciesarenotbeingprotecteduntiltheirnumbershavebecomesolowthattheirchanceofrecoveryisslim.“TheESAisanincrediblypowerful,ambitiouslawforprotectingourendangeredwildlife.Yet,fordecades,theagencyprimarilyresponsibleforoperationalizingtheESA—theUSFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)—hasbeenstarvedofresources，”leadauthorErichEberhardsays.“Asaresult,weareveryslowtogivespeciestheprotectionthattheydeserve.Wetypicallywaituntilspeciesareextremelyrareandthusatextremeriskofextinction,andthen,whenaspeciesisfinallylisted,theUSFWSisstrainingitsresourcestotrytorecoverit.”In1993,astudyfoundthatfewspeciesreceivedprotectionundertheESAuntiltheirpopulationsbecameverysmall.Forthenewstudy,researchersrepeatedthemethodsusedintheearlierresearchtoseewhetherprotectionshavebecomebettersincetheproblemwasfirstnoted.Theyalsolookedattrendsin“waittimes”—theamountoftimebetweenwhenaspeciesisidentifiedaspotentiallyneedingprotectionandwhenitactuallyreceivesprotectionundertheESA.“Ouranalysissuggeststhat,inthenearly30yearssinceattentionwasfirstbroughttothisproblem,wehavenotbecomemoreproactiveinprotectingimperiledspecies，”saysEberhard.TheresearchersfoundthatthepopulationsizesofspecieswhentheyfirstbecameprotectedundertheESAarenotstatisticallydifferentfromthoseinthe1993study.Theyalsodiscoveredthattherearelongwaittimesbetweenwhenaspeciesisidentifiedaslikelyneedingprotectionandwhentheyactuallyreceivethem.“IcansaythatourstudypaintsthecurrentstateoftheESAasabitofcautionary(告诫的)taleforthestrongconservationpolicy，”saysEberhard.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。美国《濒危物种保护法》因为负责其实施的机构——美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局(USFWS)——缺乏资源，而没有起到预期的作用。32.WhatproblemdoestheUSFWShaveprotectingendangeredspecies?A.Ittakesineffectivemeasures.B.Itislackinginresources.C.Itcan’tgettimelyinformation.D.Itisanirresponsibleorganization.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theagencyprimarilyresponsibleforoperationalizing...hasbeenstarvedofresources”和第四段内容可知，USFWS因为缺乏资源而无法及时给濒危物种提供救助。]33.Whatisthepurposeofthenewstudy?A.Totryoutnewwaystoprotectendangeredspecies.B.Tofindouttheexactnumberofendangeredspecies.C.Tocheckthetimeneededtosaveendangeredspecies.D.Toseeifendangeredspecieshavebeenbetterprotected.答案D[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Forthenewstudy，researchersrepeated...sincetheproblemwasfirstnoted.”可知，新的研究是为了调查自第一次提出该问题以来，对濒危物种提供保护的措施是否变得更好。]34.Howcanthestudyhelpwithanimalconservation?A.Itfoundoutmanymoreendangeredspecies.B.ItpointedoutthedirectionoftheUSFWS’efforts.C.Itprovedtheroleofthepublicinconservation.D.Itshowedsomeeffectivewaystoprotectanimals.答案B[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这项研究指出，美国《濒危物种保护法》没有起到预期的作用，并分析了造成这一现象的原因；且文章最后一段提到，这项研究具有告诫作用。由此可推知，这项研究指出了USFWS要努力的方向。]35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUSFWSNeedsStrongerLawsB.TheESAHasAchievedGreatSuccessC.NewConversationLawsAreontheWayD.EndangeredSpeciesActIsn’tWorkingWell答案D[标题归纳题。文章首段提到，新的研究发现虽然自美国《濒危物种保护法》(ESA)通过以来，它已经帮助美国许多物种避免了灭绝危机，但是没有起到预期的作用；后文详细介绍了新的研究结果和以前的研究结果的对比分析，进一步说明了《濒危物种保护法》没有起到预期作用的原因。由此可推断出，D项内容可以概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·湖南六校联考)Weliveinaworldincreasinglydominatedbyscience.Sinceelementaryschool,Ihavealways__1__subjectslikescienceandmath.Tome,thesesubjects,fullofdiscoveriesand__2__，seemtoplayamoresignificantroleinhumanprogressthanthehumanities.AndIalways__3__thoughtofthesesubjectsasmoresolidandseriousthanclasseslikeEnglish.Iftherewasnoright__4__，Ithought,whybother?ButrecentlyIhadan__5__thattaughtmemyacademicinterestsaremoreflexiblethanIhadthought：Itookmyfirstphilosophyclass.BeforeIenteredtheclassroom,Iwas__6__.Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.Iimaginedgettingintoprettylongandboringconversations__7__intendedtoreflectonthemeaningoflife.ButwhatIgotwassomethingquite__8__.Ayoungmaninjeans,Mr.Jones—“butyoucancallmeRob”—wasfarfromthewhite－haired,buttoned－upoldmanIhad__9__.Ratherthanpullingusintodullargumentsaboutphilosophicalpointsdifficulttounderstand,Rob__10__usonourlevel.Totalkfreewill,welookedatourown__11__.Totalkmorals,welookedatdilemmaswehadfacedourselves.Bytheendoftheclass,I’ddiscoveredthatquestionswithnorightanswercanturnouttobethemost__12__ones.It__13__methatifIletgoofmy__14__，IcanactuallygetalotoutofthesubjectswhichIoncethoughtwereoflittlehelp.Theclasstaughtme—inmorewaysthanone—tolookatthingswitha(n)__15__mind.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者从小就喜欢类似自然科学和数学的学科，认为这些学科比文科发挥着更重要的作用。后来作者上了一节哲学课，课上哲学老师循循善诱的教学方式吸引了作者，这节课改变了作者对自己不喜欢的学科的认知：放下偏见，不喜欢的学科也可以教给自己很多，要用开放的思想看待事物。1.A.chosen B.evaluatedC.favored D.avoided答案C[根据下文中的“Tome，thesegressthanthehumanities.”可知，此处表示作者更喜欢这些学科。]2.A.formulas B.puzzlesC.challenges D.innovations答案D[根据常识可知，像自然科学和数学这些学科充满了新发现和新思想(innovations)。formula“公式”。]3.A.automatically B.consciouslyC.accurately D.impatiently答案A[根据上文语境可知，作者很喜欢自然科学和数学这样的学科，所以他会不假思索地(automatically)认为这些学科比英语等学科更有用、更严肃。]4.A.reason B.answerC.method D.direction答案B[空处呼应下文中的“I’ddiscoveredthatquestionswithnorightanswer”。]5.A.example B.experienceC.incident D.adventure答案B[本空是对下文叙述的概括，作者在下文中讲述了自己上哲学课的经历(experience)。]6.A.hopeful B.confidentC.doubtful D.nervous答案C[根据空后的“wonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve”可知，作者不确定(doubtful)哲学课会讲什么。]7.A.supposedly B.mistakenlyC.naturally D.previously答案A[根据语境和逻辑推断可知，作者更喜欢自然科学和数学这些学科，会出现对哲学课了解比较少的情况。因此，作者想象中的哲学课是据说(supposedly)可以思考生命意义的又长又无聊的对话。]8.A.unique B.commonC.different D.strange答案C[根据空前的“Iimagined”可知，作者之前对哲学课有想象，但是，实际情况和想象中不一样(different)，这也可以从下文中得到印证。]9.A.mentioned B.encounteredC.expected D.missed答案C