Unit 4 Discovering useful structures课件 2022-2023学年人教版高中英语必修第一册

人教版（2019）必修一Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribepicturesofdisasters

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.identifytheformofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsinthesentences;2.elicitfunctionofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsinthesentences;3.grasptheusageofrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsandapplythemtocompleterelatedexercises,likedescribingpicturesofdisasters.Lead-inLet’slookatthefollowingsentencesandthinkaboutsomequestions.1.Whattypeofclauseistheunderlinedpart?2.Whatdoyouknowabouttheclause?1.Thegirlwho/thatwearsapairofglassesismydeskmate.2.Thisisthefactorywhich/thatalotofstudentsvisitedyesterday.therestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns由关系代词引导的定语从句Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencesbelow.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.PresentationFindmoresentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesfromthetextonpage50.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.(Paragraph1)Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.(Paragraph2)Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthere

weredeadorinjured.(Paragraph2)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.(Paragraph2)Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(Paragraph4)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.(Paragraph4)TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Observetheabovesentencesandfindtherelativepronouns.thing(s)peoplething(s)peopleThereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.(Paragraph1)Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometres

awayinBeijing.(Paragraph2)Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthere

weredeadorinjured.(Paragraph2)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.(Paragraph2)Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(Paragraph4)Observetheabovesentencesandfindtherelativepronouns.thing(s)thing(s)peoplepeoplepeople限制性定语从句1.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。2.位置：位于名词或代词后。3.作用：限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，使句子的表意更加完整。4.关系词（1）作用：①

连接主句和从句；②

指代先行词；③

在从句中充当成分。限制性定语从句（2）分类：关系代词：that、which、who（whom）、whose关系代词例句that指物Thisisabookthatinterestsalargenumberofpeople.（作主语）Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?（作宾语）指人Hethatwouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.（作主语）Heisaman(that)youcansafelytrust.（作宾语）which指物Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.（作主语）Thefish(which)Iboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.（作宾语）who/whom指人TheexpertwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.（作主语）Ishetheboywhoalwayswinsmathscompetition?（作主语）Theone(who/whom)wearetalkingaboutisascientist.（作宾语）ThisistheteachertowhomIreferred.（作宾语）限制性定语从句注意：that、which、who（whom）在从句中作宾语时，特别是在口语或非正式的书面表达中，常常省略。关系代词whose引导的定语从句：关系代词whose引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。whose在从句中作定语。Sheisthegirl

whosebrotherisstudyingabroad.（先行词是人）Theroom

whosewindowfacessouthismine.（先行词是物）Italkedwiththeman

whosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.（先行词是人）Hehaswrittenabook

whosenameI’veforgotten.（先行词是物）限制性定语从句关系代词的选择：①宜用that不用which的情况：先行词是all，much，anything等不定代词时；先行词为序数词/形容词最高级或被这两者修饰时；先行词被all，no，few，any，little，some，much，thelast，theonly，very等修饰时；先行词既有人又有物时；主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时；先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时；主句以here，there开头且先行词指物时。限制性定语从句关系代词的选择：②宜用which不用that的情况：先行词为that时；关系代词后面有插入语时；在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前面一个关系代词是that，那么后一个的关系代词宜用which。③

宜用who不用that的情况：先行词为指人的不定代词，或先行词为those或被其修饰且指人时；一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般用who。PracticeCompleteeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whomor“/”.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople___________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_________wereasleep.建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything___________theycouldfind.第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。whosewhothatOR/people’sthepeopleanything4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings____________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。5.Theinjuredboy_________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_________shewasrescued.这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。7.Isthisyoungboy_________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？that/whichwhosewhomwhothebuildingstheboy’sthesoldiersyoungboyWorkbookFillintheblankswiththat,which.who,whose,orwhom.1.Adisasterisaverybadaccidentorasuddenevent_________usuallycausesgreatdamageandcanruinmanypeople’slives.2.Thewomanwantedtofindandthankthefirefighter_________rescuedherfromthefire.3.Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwind_________oftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.4.Thechildren_________parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighboursandfriends.5.Atsunamiisaverylargewave_________isoftencausedbyanearthquakeunderthesea.6.Peopleto_________muchisgivenarepeopleof_________muchwillbeexpected.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhomUsearestrictiverelativeclausetocombineeachpairofsentences.EXAMPLEThebabywascrying.Thebabywasrescuedfromthebuilding.(who)Thebabywhowasrescuedfromthebuildingwascrying.

ORThebabywhowascryingwasrescuedfromthebuilding.1.TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawoman.Thewoman’sfamilysurvivedtheearthquake.(whose)TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.WorkbookTherescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.2.Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworker.Thesoldierworkedwiththerescueworkerduringthequake.(withwhom)3.Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricks.Thebrickscoveredtheground.(that/which)4.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeople.Wereceivedaidfromthepeople.(fromwhom)Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworkerwithwhomheworkedduringthequake.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeoplefromwhomwereceivedaid.5.Thepeoplelosteverythinginthequake.Weneedtohelpthemprepareforthecomingwinter.(who)Weneedtohelpthepeoplewhohavelosteverythinginthequakeprepareforthecomingwinter.Completethepassagewiththat,which,who,whose,orprep+whom.Forpeople_________lovethesun,summerisatimeoffun.Butforpeople_________familiesweredestroyedbythesupertyphoon_________hitEastChinainJuly2016,thatsummerwasatimeofgreatsadness.Thefloodsandlandslidescausedbythetyphoonkilled161people,left61missing,andforcedtheevacuationofhundredsofthousandsofpeople.Thevictims_________thetyphoonbroughtdeathorgreatlosswereinseveralprovincesalongtheYangtzeRiver.Inthemonths_________havepassedsincethen,muchhasbeendonetomakethingsbetterandhelpthethousandsofpeople___________homesweredestroyed,althoughthesadnesswillneverleavethose_________summernowmarksthedeathofalovedone.who/thatwhosethat/whichtowhomthat/whichwhoseforwhomWorkbookProductionWorkwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.EXAMPLEA:What’stherescueworkerdoing?B:She’sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.1.A:Whoisthewomanwho/thatisholdingthebaby?B:She’sarescueworker.A:Whereisthewomanwho/thatisthebaby’smother?B:Maybeshe’sinjuredandinthehospital.2.A:Whoarethepeoplewhosetentisbeingfixed?B:Thepeoplewhosecitywasdestroyedbytheearthquake.3.A:Whyisthisdogpartoftherescueteam?B:Thedog,whosejobistosearchpeoplewhoareburiedintheruins,hasanincrediblesenseofsmellandhearingforfindingpeopleintheruins.SampleAnswerAddmoreinformationtothepassagebyusingrestrictiverelativeclausesthatanswerthequestionsinbrackets.YoumayusealibraryortheInternettohelpyou.EXAMPLEWhoshouldbewarned?

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peoplewhomightbeindangerTornadoesarestrongwinds(Whatkindofwindsarethey?).Itisnoteasytoknowwheretheywillgo,soitcanbedifficulttowarnpeople(Whoshouldbewarned?).Inordertolearnmoreabouthowtornadoesformandmove,somebraveresearchers(Whatistheirjob?)dowhatmostofuswouldnot.Theychase(追赶)stormsinordertocollectmoredetailedinformationfirsthand.Ofcourse,theresearchershavespecialequipment(Whatkindofequipment?),buttheyneedtogetcloseenoughtouseitandstillkeepsafefromthedanger.WorkbookTornadoesarestrongwindsthatcanrapidlyrotateair/thatcanhappenoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica/thatcancausegreatdamage.Itisnoteasytoknowwheretheywillgo,soitcanbedifficulttowarnpeoplewhomightbeindanger/whomaybeaffected.Inordertolearnmoreabouthowtornadoesformandmove,somebraveresearcherswhosejobistoexplorethecausesoftornadoes/whosejobistostudytornadoesdowhatmostofuswouldnot.Theychase(追赶)stormsinordertocollectmoredetailedinformationfirsthand.Ofcourse,theresearchershavespecialequipmentwhichcanrecorddetailedinformation,buttheyneedtogetcloseenoughtouseitandstillkeepsafefromthedange