2026初升高英语衔接教材讲义专题4.7.2 概要写作题型解读和技巧点拨（原卷版）

4.7.2概要写作跟踪练习

A

2019年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyand

ConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobe

morestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,

infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,

makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'

praisehasputthem.

Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamaginggas

givingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,maysee

nopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthe

quantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyour

childdoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'sefforts

topushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:

LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocess

nottheendproductthatmatters."

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayand

playinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffort

andnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,

cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisand

beproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

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Inschoolsandathome,mostofUShavebeenscolded(责备)orevengotpunishedfordaydreaming.The

majorityofpeoplesaythatbydaydreamingwewasteourtimeandenergyonsomethingunproductive.But

manymedicalstudieshaveshownsomethingdifferent.They’vestressedthefactthatdaydreamingworks

wondersonourimagination,creativityandsituation-handlingtechniques.Infact,manyproblemscanbe

easilysolvedifwedaydream.

Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightimprovement.Byseparating

yourselffromtheworldaroundyou,youtendtoenjoythelonelinessinyourmindandgetpeacefrom

daydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatcalmsyoursenses.Whenyoustartimaginingthings,you

willforgetallthestressandtension(紧张).Instead,youwillgethappinessfromitandthishappinesswill

turnintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouworkinagoodmood.

Manypsychologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharpermemory.It’strue.

Whenyou’redaydreaming,you’lltendtogetcarriedawaytoimaginevarioussituations,eitherrealor

unreal.Youtendtoactdifferentlyindifferentsituations,tryingtosatisfyyourmindbydoingwhatyou

wantinyourdreams.Whenyourmindgetssatisfied,you’reinabetterpositiontoconcentratemoreon

yourwork.Sincedaydreamingactivates(激活)thenervesofyourbrain,youtendtohavehigher

attentivenessandyourabilitytorememberthingswilldevelop.

Whenyoudaydream,youautomaticallyimagineyourselfasyourheartsaysandtherefore,yougetto

knowyourselfbetter.

Youalsostartrealizingthemistakesyou’vemadeinlifeandtryingyourbesttoavoidrepeatingthem.

Suchimaginationtechniqueshelpyoutoconnectyourselfwithyoursoul.

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C

Areyoushy?Ifyouare,youarenotalone.Infact,closeto50percentofpeopleareshy.Almost80

percentofpeoplefeelshyatsomepointintheirlives.Thesedays,shynessisbecomingmoreandmore

common.Now,scientistsaretryingtounderstandshyness.Theyhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhy

peopleareshy.

Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehave

shyly.Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabies

usuallyhaveshyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.

Familysizemightcausepeopletobeshyaswell.ScientistsatHarvardUniversitystudiedshy

children.Theyfoundthat66percentofthemhadolderbrothersandsisters.Asaresult,theybecameshy.At

thesametime,childrenwithnobrothersandsistersmaybeshyaswell.Growingupalone,theyoftenplay

bythemselves.Theyarenotabletolearnthesamesocialskillsaschildrenfrombigfamilies.

Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwhereyouwereborn.Whenscientistsstudiedshynessin

differentcountries.Theyfoundsurprisingdifferences.InJapan,mostpeoplesaidtheywereshy.Butin

Israel,onlyoneofthreepeoplesaidso.Whatexplainsthedifference?OnescientistsaystheJapaneseand

Israelishavedifferentopinionsoffailure.InJapan,whenpeopledonotsucceed,theyfeelbadabout

themselves.Theyblamethemselvesfortheirfailure.InIsrael,theoppositeistrue.Israelisoftenblame

failureonoutsidereasons,suchasfamily,teachers,friends,orbadluck.InIsrael,freedomofopinionand

risktakingarestronglysupported.ThismaybewhyIsraelisworrylessaboutfailureandarelessshy.

Forshypeople,itcanbedifficulttomakefriends,speakinclass,andevengetagoodjob.But

scientistssayyoucangetoveryourshyness.Theysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation.

Anddon’tforget---ifyouareshy,youarenottheonlyone.

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Haveyouhadaheadacheduringatest?Haveyoueverbeensoworriedaboutsomethingthatyouhave

aheadacheorevencan’tsleepatnight?Ifso,thenyouknowwhatstressis.Stressiswhatyoufeelwhen

youareworriedaboutsomething.Thisworryinyourmindcanmakeyourbodyfeelbad.Youmayfeel

angry,sad,scared,orafraid——allofwhichcangiveyouastomachacheoraheadache.However,thereare

differentkindsofstress.Somekindsofstressaregoodandothersarebad.Goodstressmighthappenwhen

you’recalledtoanswerquestionsinclassorwhenyouhavetogiveaspeech.Thiskindofstresscanhelp

youtogetthingsbetterdone.Forexample,youmaydoabetterjobonyourtestifthestresspushesyouto

preparebetterbeforethetest.Ontheotherhand,badstresscanhappenifthestresslaststoolong.Youmay

notfeelwellifyourparentsarefighting,ifafamilymemberissick,ifyou’rehavingproblemsatschool,or

ifanythingelsemakesyouunhappyeveryday.Thatkindofstressisn’tgoingtohelpyou.Anditcan

actuallymakeyousick.Thebestwaytofightthestressistohaveabalancedlife.Makesureyoukeepyour

SELFinmind:Sleep,Exercise,Leisure（休闲）,andFood.Ifyougetenoughsleepandeatproperly,andif

youexerciseandleavetimeforfun,you’llprobablyfeellessstressed.

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It’snotpianolessonsordanceclasses.Nowadays,thebiggestextra-curricularactivityisgoingtoatutor.

“Ispendabout800Canadiandollarsamonthontutors.It’scostly,”saysPat,amotherinCanada.However,

sheadds,“afterfindingouthalfmydaughter’sclasshadtutors,Ifeltlikemychildwasgoingtofallbehind

becauseeveryoneelseseemedtobeahead.”

Shelley,amotherofthree,alsohastutorsconstantlycominginandoutofherhome.“WhenIusedtosit

downwithmychildren,itwashardtogetthemfocused.Iwasalwaysyelling.WhenIgotatutoroncea

week,theybecamefocusedforoneentirehourandcouldgetmostoftheirhomeworkdone.”

Tutoringisn’tsimplyaprivateschoolphenomenon.Norisitgearedonlytowardlower-achieving

students.InCanadaalone,sevenpercentofhighschoolstudentsreportedusingatutorin2010.That

increasedto15percentlastyear.

Overall,parentshiretutorsbecausetheyareworriedschoolsarenotmeetingtheirexpectations,but

thereisalsoaculturalshift.AspecialvalueisplacedoneducationinAsia,wheretutoringisviewedasan

extensionoftheschoolday.AsalargenumberofAsiansemigratedtotheWestovertherecentyears,their

attitudestowardseducationhavehadanimpact.

Anotherreasonforthegrowthinbusinessisparentalfrustrationandtheirpackedschedules.“Alotof

parentsjustdon’thavetimetohelptheirchildrenwithhomework,”saysJulieDiamond,presidentofan

Americantutoringcompany.“Otherscouldn’thelptheirchildrenafterGrade3.”

Therehasbeenashiftintheattitudes,too.“Childrenusedtogetbullied(欺侮)forhavingatutor,”

Diamondsays.“Nowit’sbecomingthenormtohaveone.”

Childrendon’tseemtomindthattheyhaveatutor.Oneparentfeelssurprisedthatsomanyofher

child’sclassmateshavetutors.“Fortheamountwepayintuition,theyshouldhaveasmuchextrahelpas

theyneed,”shesays.Still,she’snowthinkingofgettingatutor.WhyHerdaughterhasactuallyaskedfor

one.

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IreceivedacalltodayaskingifIwouldbereadytobringfoodtoafamilyinneed.Themotherwas

havingamajoroperationandwouldbelyingdownforseveralweeks.Ofcourse,Irespondedwithan

immediate“Yes!”.AsIplannedthemealinmyhead,IreflectedonhowmanytimesovertheyearsIhad

beenaskedtopreparefood.Ihavedonesocountlesstimeswithaveryopenheart.

ButthetrulyamazingthingisthatIhavereceiveddoubleoverthecourseofmylife.Whenmymother

passedaway，ourhousewasfilledwithfreshdinnersforweeks.Awomanfromthechurchofour

communitystoppedbyeacheveningwithsomefood.Thegiftoffoodwashersmallwayoftryingtoease

ourpain.

Laterinmylife,whenIwasonbedrestduringmypregnancywithtwins,menofthechurchagain

steppedintohelp.Theyarrangedbabysittingformytwoyearolddaughter,andbroughtlovelydinnersto

ourhouse.EvenwhenIwasputinthehospital,myhusbandwouldbringcookedmealstomyhospital

room.Howwereliedonthesedinnerstofeedmytiredhusbandandyoungdaughter.

Foodisallaboutcomfort.Itfeedsourbodies,butitcanalsofeedoursouls.Whenyouhearpeopletalking

abouttheirfavoriteholidays,itusuallyincludestheirfeelingsconnectedwithsharingfood.IknowthatI

willhavemanymoreopportunitiesinmylifetimetopreparefoodforothers.ItistrulyagiftIwantto

prepareanddelivertosomeoneinneed.

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AccordingtoastudyattheUniversityofMarlandMedicalCenterinBaltimore,researchersfound

thatpeoplewhohadagoodsenseofhumorandlaughedalot,notonlyathomebutalsoatwork,hadfewer

heartproblemsthanpeoplewholaughedless,andlaughingpeopletendtolivealongerlifethantheones

whoarenot.

Afterreadingplentyofinformationaboutthebenefitsoflaughingandacarefulstudyofprevious

papersinthisarea,adoctorinIndiastartedalaughterclub.Dr.MandanDamaris'slaughterclubquickly

grewinto1,800groupsthroughoutIndiaandover6,000aroundtheworld.Thelaughterclubhadeven

inspiredWorldLaughterDay,whichpeoplecelebrateonthefirstSundayofMayeveryyear.Instructorsat

theclubsgetpeoplelaughingnotonlythroughjokesbutthroughsimplelaughingexercises,forexample,

instructorsan