Unit 5 A delicate world 课内语法填空 练习-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit5Adelicateworld

Understandingideas

MACQUARIEISLAND：fromChaostoConservation

IamstandingonMacquarieIsland，intheSouth-westPacificOcean，halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.Strongwindsand________(storm)seashavehelpedsculptitslong，thinshape.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically，________(give)itawildandnaturalbeauty.Novisitorwouldthinkit________(surprise)thattheislandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmony________theirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.

Buttheisland’smorerecenthistorytellsadifferentstory.It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.Intheirshipsthey________(knowing)broughtratsand________(mouse).Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland，eatingthebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately，thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds，too.

Meanwhile，rabbits________(introduce)totheislandasasourceoffoodforhumans.Looseontheisland，theydid________rabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes，________causedsoilerosion.Theexplodingrabbitpopulationprovidedplentifulfoodforthecats，________(mean)thatthenumberofcatsalsoincreased.This________turnledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.Theendresultwasthatparakeets，oncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland，diedoutin1891.

EvenafterMacquarieIslandbecameanofficialnaturereserveinthe1970s，therabbitsremainedoutofcontrol.Expertsfelt________necessarytocomeupwithaplantoremovealltherabbitsfromtheisland.Withthisgoalinmind，aviruswasreleasedontotheisland.Butalthoughtheviruscausedtherabbitpopulation________(decrease)from130，000toaround10，000，italsomeantlessfoodforthecats.Thecats________consequenceturnedtheirattention—andtheirstomachs—backtothenativebirds，killingup________60，000eachyear.Inthe1980s，trapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.ThelastMacquarieIslandcatwascaughtin2000.

Butasthesayinggoes，“Whilethecat’saway，themicewillplay.”Withthe________(depart)ofthecatsfromtheisland，themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.Andrememberthose10，000orsorabbits?Itturned________thattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus，andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.Then，in2006，therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse，________killeda________(substance)numberofpenguins.Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat，mouseandrabbitproblemneeded________(solve)onceandforall.

So，IamhereonMacquarieIslandtoparticipate________theprogrammetotacklethisveryproblem.Thefirststepinvolvedpoison________(drop)fromhelicopters.Thenextstepis________(remove)thelastremaininginvadingspecies，andthat’s________Icomein—withmydogs.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone，withoutharmingthenativeanimals.Thisinterventionisalong，much-delayedendingtoasadstory，butwehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.

Postscript：In2014，MacquarieIslandwasdeclaredpest-freeandtheisland’secologyisfinallyontheroadtorecovery.

Developingideas

WHYSHENNONGJIA?

Goodmorning，everyone.Itismygreatpleasuretogivealecturehere________behalfoftheBeatOnewithNatureAssociation.

Asweknow，in2016，ShennongjiamadeitontotheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.Buttherearesomanyimportantplacesnotyetonthislist.Soyoumightask：whyShennongjia?Isititsforests________stretchonandonlikegreatgreenseas?IsitthelegendaryfatherofChineseherbalmedicine，Shennong，after________theparkisnamed?Orisitthemysteriouscreaturecalled“Yeren”（wildman）thathascapturedtheimaginationoftheworld?

UNESCOawardedShennongjiathisstatusbecauseitmeetstwocriteriarequiredbythelist.Itcontainsanaturally-balancedenvironmentthatallowsthemanyand________(variety)speciestoliveandprosper.Itisalsooneoftherare________(locate)intheworldwherescientistscanobserveinrealtimetheecologicalandbiologicalprocessesthatoccurastheplantsandanimalsdevelopandevolve.

Forthefirstcriterion，Shennongjiais________(apparent)oneofthemost“complete”naturalareasintheworld.Theregionrisesfromabout400metrestoover3，000metresabovesealevel，givingitthenamethe“RoofofCentralChina”.Thevastrangeinaltituderesultsinagreat________(vary)inclimaticconditions.Thisallowsawide________(vary)ofspeciestothrive.Someoftheplantsandanimalshavesurvivedmillionsofyears，andareregarded________livingfossils.

Forthesecondcriterion，wecanseethatShennongjiahasincrediblebiodiversity.Lookatthisslide.Accordingtoofficialstatistics，over3，000plantspecieshavebeenrecordedthere.ThisrepresentsmorethantenpercentofChina’stotalfloralrichness.Shennongjiasupportsmorethan600vertebratespecies，includingtheGoldenSnub-nosedMonkeyandtheCloudedLeopard.Additionally，around4，300insectspecieshavebeenrecorded.

Itisachallengetolookaftersomanyspecies.Inwinter，scientistsbraveheavysnowand________(freeze)temperaturestosupplyfood________theGoldenSnub-nosedMonkey.Thanks________theirefforts，themonkey’spopulation________(double)sincethe1980s.Theirnumberreachedover1，300in2015andcontinues________(grow).

Butthemost________(impress)aspectofShennongjiaisthelocalpeople，whotakethingsfromnature________causingdamage.Ivisitedalocalvillagewhichisknown________itshome-madehoney.________isspecialaboutthehoneyisthatitisproducedbytheearliestspeciesofChinesebee.Everyspring，thevillagersplacebeehivesaroundtheirhousestoattractthesewildbeesfromtheforest.AlthoughendangeredelsewhereinChinaduetotheinvasionofforeignspecies，thebeesofShennongjia________(coexist)withthelocalpeopleforcenturies.Byprovidingthebeeswithasecurehome，thevillagerscollecttheirhoney________return.Thisisjustoneofthewaysin________peopleofShennongjialiveandwork________harmonywithnature.

AllofthisexplainswhyShennongjiaearned—anddeserves—itsplaceontheUNESCOWorldHeritageList，aswellashighlightinghowunderstanding，________(aware)andhardworkhavecontributedtowardsprotectingauniqueandwonderfulpartofournaturalworld.

Thankyouforlistening.Now，doesanyonehaveanyquestions?

答案：

Unit5Adelicateworld

Understandingideas

MACQUARIEISLAND：fromChaostoConservation

IamstandingonMacquarieIsland，intheSouth-westPacificOcean，halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.Strongwindsandstormyseashavehelpedsculptitslong，thinshape.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically，givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.NovisitorwouldthinkitsurprisingthattheislandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.

Buttheisland’smorerecenthistorytellsadifferentstory.It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland，eatingthebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately，thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds，too.

Meanwhile，rabbitswereintroducedtotheislandasasourceoffoodforhumans.Looseontheisland，theydidwhatrabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes，whichcausedsoilerosion.Theexplodingrabbitpopulationprovidedplentifulfoodforthecats，meaningthatthenumberofcatsalsoincreased.Thisinturnledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.Theendresultwasthatparakeets，oncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland，diedoutin1891.

EvenafterMacquarieIslandbecameanofficialnaturereserveinthe1970s，therabbitsremainedoutofcontrol.Expertsfeltitnecessarytocomeupwithaplantoremovealltherabbitsfromtheisland.Withthisgoalinmind，aviruswasreleasedontotheisland.Butalthoughtheviruscausedtherabbitpopulationtodecreasefrom130，000toaround10，000，italsomeantlessfoodforthecats.Thecatsinconsequenceturnedtheirattention—andtheirstomachs—backtothenativebirds，killingupto60，000eachyear.Inthe1980s，trapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.ThelastMacquarieIslandcatwascaughtin2000.

Butasthesayinggoes，“Whilethecat’saway，themicewillplay.”Withthedepartureofthecatsfromtheisland，themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.Andrememberthose10，000orsorabbits?Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus，andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.Then，in2006，therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse，andkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat，mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.

So，IamhereonMacquarieIslandtoparticipateintheprogrammetotacklethisveryproblem.Thefirststepinvolvedpoisonbeingdroppedfromhelicopters.Thenextstepistoremovethelastremaininginvadingspecies，andthat’swhereIcomein—withmydogs.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone，withoutharmingthenativeanimals.Thisinterventionisalong，much-delayedendingtoasadstory，butwehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.

Postscript：In2014，MacquarieIslandwasdeclaredpest-freeandtheisland’secologyisfinallyontheroadtorecovery.

Developingideas

WHYSHENNONGJIA?

Goodmorning，everyone.ItismygreatpleasuretogivealecturehereonbehalfoftheBeatOnewithNatureAssociation.

Asweknow，in2016，ShennongjiamadeitontotheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.Buttherearesomanyimportantplacesnotyetonthislist.Soyoumightask：whyShennongjia?Isititsforeststhatstretchonandonlikegreatgreenseas?IsitthelegendaryfatherofChineseherbalmedicine，Shennong，afterwhomtheparkisnamed?Orisitthemysteriouscreaturecalled“Yeren”（wildman）thathascapturedtheimaginationoftheworld?

UNESCOawardedShennongjiathisstatusbecauseitmeetstwocriteriarequiredbythelist.Itcontainsanaturally-balancedenvironmentthatallowsthemanyandvariousspeciestoliveandprosper.Itisalsooneoftherarelocationsintheworldwherescientistscanobserveinrealtimetheecologicalandbiologicalprocessesthatoccurastheplantsandanimalsdevelopandevolve.

Forthefirstcriterion，Shennongjiaisapparentlyoneofthemost“complete”naturalareasintheworld.Theregionrisesfromabout400metrestoover3，000metresabovesealevel，givingitthenamethe“RoofofCentralChina”.Thevastrangeinaltituderesultsinagreatvariationinclimaticconditions.Thisallowsawidevarietyofspeciestothrive.Someoftheplantsandanimalshavesurvivedmillionsofyears，andareregardedaslivingfossils.

Forthesecondcriterion，wecanseethatShennongjiahasincrediblebiodiversity.Lookatthisslide.Accordingtoofficialstatistics，over3，000plantspecieshavebeenrecordedthere.ThisrepresentsmorethantenpercentofChina’stotalfloralrichness.Shennongjiasupportsmorethan600vertebratespecies，includingtheGoldenSnub-nosedMonkeyandtheCloudedLeopard.Additionally，around4，300insectspecieshavebeenrecorded.

Itis